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    Ronnie, Director - Politics PHD Program, Uc Santa Cruz, 1998. "On Security" P. 7

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    yesman234123
    Discourses of security shape policy by determining what can be considered a threat and how it should be addressed. These discourses are products of power struggles within states and between societal groups, not objective threat assessments. Competing to define security provides authority to establish new definitions and discourses of security. Discourses delineate the boundaries of acceptable thought and policy options. Assuming politics has a single endpoint without examining the justifications and linguistic processes that led there can have devastating consequences by ignoring agency in political choices. Writing dissent operates through gradual transformations of discursive practices over time rather than immediate solutions, but these struggles over language still affect people's daily lives and are a form of political action.

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    Ronnie, Director - Politics PHD Program, Uc Santa Cruz, 1998. "On Security" P. 7

    Uploaded by

    yesman234123
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    Discourses of security shape policy by determining what can be considered a threat and how it should be addressed. These discourses are products of power struggles within states and between societal groups, not objective threat assessments. Competing to define security provides authority to establish new definitions and discourses of security. Discourses delineate the boundaries of acceptable thought and policy options. Assuming politics has a single endpoint without examining the justifications and linguistic processes that led there can have devastating consequences by ignoring agency in political choices. Writing dissent operates through gradual transformations of discursive practices over time rather than immediate solutions, but these struggles over language still affect people's daily lives and are a form of political action.

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    Discourses of security shape policy by determining what can be considered a threat and how it should be addressed. These discourses are products of power struggles within states and between societal groups, not objective threat assessments. Competing to define security provides authority to establish new definitions and discourses of security. Discourses delineate the boundaries of acceptable thought and policy options. Assuming politics has a single endpoint without examining the justifications and linguistic processes that led there can have devastating consequences by ignoring agency in political choices. Writing dissent operates through gradual transformations of discursive practices over time rather than immediate solutions, but these struggles over language still affect people's daily lives and are a form of political action.

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    15 views1 page

    Ronnie, Director - Politics PHD Program, Uc Santa Cruz, 1998. "On Security" P. 7

    Uploaded by

    yesman234123
    Discourses of security shape policy by determining what can be considered a threat and how it should be addressed. These discourses are products of power struggles within states and between societal groups, not objective threat assessments. Competing to define security provides authority to establish new definitions and discourses of security. Discourses delineate the boundaries of acceptable thought and policy options. Assuming politics has a single endpoint without examining the justifications and linguistic processes that led there can have devastating consequences by ignoring agency in political choices. Writing dissent operates through gradual transformations of discursive practices over time rather than immediate solutions, but these struggles over language still affect people's daily lives and are a form of political action.

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    And, Security discourse defines who deserves authority these discourses shape

    policy by determining what can and cannot be thought


    Lipschutz 1998
    Ronnie, Director Politics PhD Program, UC Santa Cruz, 1998. On Security p. 7

    Conceptualizations of security--from which follow policy and practice--are to be found in
    discourses of security . These are neither strictly objective assessments nor analytical
    constructs of threat, but rather the products of historical structures and processes, of struggles
    for power within the state, of conflicts between the societal groupings that inhabit states and
    the interests that besiege them. Hence, there are not only struggles over security among
    nations , but also struggles over security among notions . Winning the right to define
    security provides not just access to resources but also the authority to articulate new
    definitions and discourses of security, as well. As Karen Litfin points out, "As
    determinants of what can and cannot be thought, discourses delimit the range of
    policy options, thereby functioning as precursors to policy outcomes. . . . The supreme
    power is the power to delineate the boundaries of thought--an attribute not so much
    of specific agents as it is of discursive practices."

    Assuming that politics has an endpoint without looking at the justifications and
    processes that lead to that politics results in devastating consequences by
    destroying the agency of discussing the linguistic acts that lead to political
    choice
    Bleiker 2000
    (Roland, Popular Dissent, Agency, and Global Politics, p.242-243)

    No dissenting writer can hope to incinerate immediately the dry grass of orthodox linguistic prairies. Discourses live on and appear
    reasonable long after their premises have turned into anachronistic relics. More inclusive ways of thinking and acting cannot surface
    overnight. There are no quick solutions, no new paradigms or miraculous political settlements that
    one could hope for. Discursive forms of resistance, even if they manage to transgress national
    boundaries, do not engender human agency in an immediate and direct way. Writing dissent is a long
    process, saturated with obstacles and contradictions. It operates, as outlined in the Interlude preceding this chapter, through tactical
    and temporal transformations of discursive practices. But this lengthy and largely inaudible process is not to be
    equated with political impotence. The struggles over the linguistic dimensions of transversal
    politics are as crucial and as real as the practices of international Realpolitik. They affect the
    daily lives of people as much as so-called real-world issues. Language, in both speech and
    writing, is a disguised but highly effective political practice. With this recognition emerges a new
    kind of activist, situated, as Barthes notes, half-way between militant and writer, taking from the
    former the commitment to act and from the former the commitment to act and from the latter the
    knowledge that the process of writing constitutes such an act. The task now consists of removing
    one more layer of abstraction, so that the practical and transversal dimensions of language-
    based forms of dissent can become visible. For this purpose the next chapter now examines how a specific stylistic
    form of resistance, usually thought to be the most esoteric of all poetry may be able to engender human agency by transgressing
    the spatial
    discursive boundaries of global politics.

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