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    Cantonese Omniglot

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    KarelBRG
    Cantonese is spoken by over 70 million people mainly in southern China and other overseas Chinese communities. It is used as the medium of instruction in schools in places like Hong Kong and Guangdong. There are different systems for writing Cantonese romanization like Yale, Jyutping and others that represent the sounds of Cantonese using Latin letters. Special Cantonese characters are also used in addition to standard Chinese characters when writing Cantonese colloquially.

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    Cantonese Omniglot

    Uploaded by

    KarelBRG
    167 views8 pages
    Cantonese is spoken by over 70 million people mainly in southern China and other overseas Chinese communities. It is used as the medium of instruction in schools in places like Hong Kong and Guangdong. There are different systems for writing Cantonese romanization like Yale, Jyutping and others that represent the sounds of Cantonese using Latin letters. Special Cantonese characters are also used in addition to standard Chinese characters when writing Cantonese colloquially.

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    Cantonese is spoken by over 70 million people mainly in southern China and other overseas Chinese communities. It is used as the medium of instruction in schools in places like Hong Kong and Guangdong. There are different systems for writing Cantonese romanization like Yale, Jyutping and others that represent the sounds of Cantonese using Latin letters. Special Cantonese characters are also used in addition to standard Chinese characters when writing Cantonese colloquially.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    167 views8 pages

    Cantonese Omniglot

    Uploaded by

    KarelBRG
    Cantonese is spoken by over 70 million people mainly in southern China and other overseas Chinese communities. It is used as the medium of instruction in schools in places like Hong Kong and Guangdong. There are different systems for writing Cantonese romanization like Yale, Jyutping and others that represent the sounds of Cantonese using Latin letters. Special Cantonese characters are also used in addition to standard Chinese characters when writing Cantonese colloquially.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Cantonese

    Cantonese is spoken by at least 70 million people mainly in the south east of China, particularly in Hong Kong, Macau, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. It is also spoken in Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines and among Overseas Chinese communities in many other countries. In many schools in Hong Kong, Macau and Guangdong, Cantonese is the medium of instruction, though the students are taught to read and write standard Chinese, which they read with Cantonese pronunciation. Cantonese is also the main language of business, the media and government in both Hong Kong and Macau. Cantonese has appeared in writing since the 17th century. It is used mainly in personal correspondence, diaries, comics, poetry, advertising, popular newspapers, magazines and to some extent in literature. There are two standard ways of written Cantonese: a formal version and a colloquial version. The formal version is quite different from spoken Cantonese but very similiar to Standard Chinese and can be understood by Mandarin speakers without too much difficulty. The colloquial version is much closer to spoken Cantonese and largely unintelligible to Mandarin speakers. In Hong Kong, colloquial Cantonese is written with a mixture of standard Chinese characters and over a thousand extra characters invented specifically for Cantonese. The extra characters are included in the Hong Kong Supplementary Characters Set (HKSCS).

    Special Cantonese characters


    A selection of characters and words used in colloquial written Cantonese, with Yale romanization, their equivalents in Standard Written Chinese with Cantonese and Mandarin pronunciation, and English translations.

    Note (bihbji) is often written BB

    Romanization systems for Cantonese


    Many different systems for writing Cantonese with the Latin alphabet have been devised. These include: Meyer-Wempe The Meyer-Wempe romanisation system was developed by two Catholic missionaries in Hong Kong: Bernhard F. Meyer and Theodore F. Wempe during the 1920s and 1930s. Yale The Yale romanisation system was developed at Yale University by Parker Huang and Gerald Kok. It is designed for American students learning Cantonese so the pronunciation is based on American English. Sidney Lau The Sidney Lau romanisation system was developed by Sidney Lau, the principal of the Hong Kong Government Language School, for the radio series, "Cantonese-by-Radio", which was broadcast during the 1960s. It is an adaptation of the Meyer-Wempe system. Jyutping () The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) came up with a new scheme for Cantonese Romanisation known as Jyutping, in 1993. Jyutping can be used to write all the sounds of modern Cantonese and uses numbers to mark tones. It can also be used as a computer input method for Cantonese. Guangdong Romanization () Guangdong Romanization for Cantonese was first published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960. It is used mainly in publications in and about Cantonese published in the PRC. There are also simliar systems for transliterating Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese. Pnkymp () Penkyamp Romanization is a joint effort by enthusiasts in Guangzhou with a aim of coming up with an alternative script to write Cantonese. Further details: http://cantonese.wikia.com/wiki/Penkyamp Ytyt () A romanisation system for Cantonese based on Vietnamese spelling conventions and developed by Sky Darmos. Further details

    Ytyt ()
    Ytyt is a romanisation system for Cantonese developed by Sky Darmos and based on Vietnamese spelling conventions. Its main features are: 1. It is the shortest possible romanisation 2. It allows the representation of -sounds (ch, sh, zh) 3. It does not need numbers to indicate the tones It uses single letters for every sound (exept of ch, sh, zh, and ng which have single letters only in IPA): A, , B, C, CH, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, NG, O, , P, S, SH, T, U, , W, Y, Z, ZH ( = short a, = , = ) Single tone marks for every tone, which are just the tone marks of the corresponding Vietnamese tones: a = [a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6] = [1 2 3 4 5 6] e = [1 2 3 4 5 6] i = [i1 i2 i3 i4 i5 i6] o = [1 2 3 4 5 6] u = [u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6] = [1 2 3 4 5 6] = [y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6] ng g g m = [4 5 6 m4]

    For those familiar with Jyutping, the following explaination could be useful: 1. a for jyutping aa 2. for jyutping a 3. () for jyutping oe/eo 4. () for jyutping yu 5. () for jyutping eoi 6. y for jyutping j 7. gu, ku for jyutping gw, kw 8. a, , , , , for jyutping aa1, aa2, aa3, aa4, aa5, aa6 You can find an IME to type Ytyt at: www.vps.org Sample text in Ytyt ynyn shangchtli zuhi zyu g, hi znym tng knli shng ytlt pngdng. Kdi gyu lisng tng lngsm, yc yinggoi yng hingdigan g guanhi li wsng ddi.

    This text in Cantonese characters

    Translation All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

    Comparison of Cantonese romanization systems

    Notes Only Meyer-Wempe and Ytyt distinguish between the // and /s/ sounds as this distinction is not made by most speakers of Guangzhou Cantonese, and most dictionaries stopped distinguishing them in the early 1950s. This distinction can also be made in Jyutping, though only some people do so. In Guangdong Romanization j, q, x are only used in front of i and u: u is pronounced like in these cases.

    Tone indication

    The high level and high falling tones are not usually distinguished and have merged together in Hong Kong Cantonese. Sample text in Cantonese

    Listen to a recording of this text by Cantophilia

    Translation (Meyer-Wempe Romanization) Ynyn saangcheutli chuhi chyu ke, hi chiunym tng kinli seng yatlut pngtng. Kehiti kehiyu lising tng lehngsam, yche yingkoi yng hingtikaan ke kwaanhi li wsoehng tehiti. Transliteration (Yale Romanization) Yhnyhn sangchutlih jauhhaih jihyuh ge, hi jynyhm thng kyhnlih seuhng ytleuht phngdng. Kuihdeih geuihyuh lihsing thng luhngsm, yhche ynggi yuhng hngdaihgan ge gwanhaih laih wuhsung deuidoih. Transliteration (Sidney Lau Romanization) Yanyan saangcheutlai jauhai jiyau ge, hai joonyim toong koonlei seuhng yatleuht pingdang. Keuhidei geuhiyau leising toong leuhngsam, yiche yinggoi yoong hingdaigaan ge gwaanhai lai wooseuhng deuhidoi. Transliteration (Jyutping Romanization) Janjan saangceotlai zauhai zijau ge, hai zyunjim tung kyunlei soeng jatleot pingdang. Keoidei geoijau leising tung loengsam, jice jinggoi jung hingdaigaan ge gwaanhai lai wusoeng deoidoi.

    Transliteration (Guangdong Romanization) yenyen sangcdlei zeohei jiyeo g, hei junyim tung kyunli sng yedld pingdeng. Kudi guyeo lising tung lngsem, yic yinggoi yung hingdeigan ge guanhei lei wusng dudoi. Transliteration (Pnkymp Romanization) Yantyant sng ctlay jwhy jyaw g, hy jenyim tonk keunly seng ytlt penkdnk. kydy gyyw lysnk tonk leongsmp, yic ynkgi ynk hnkdygn g gunhy lay wseng dydi. Transliteration (Ytyt Romanization) ynyn shangchtli zuhi zyu g, hi znym tng knli shng ytlt pngdng. Kdi gyu lisng tng lngsm, yc yinggoi yng hingdigan g guanhi li wsng ddi. Translation All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) Download a spreadsheet with the above charts and texts (Excel, 54K)

    Braille for Cantonese

    Source: www.hadley-school.org/Web_Site/8_d_chinese_braille_alphabet.asp

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