HVAC Magazine Vol 3
HVAC Magazine Vol 3
HVAC Magazine Vol 3
Vol.
Monthly Magazine
>>>>> Greetings
Creating the Customers Value for the Environment and for the Future
LG Electronics, based on its position as the producer of the best selling home air-conditioners in the world for the consecutive seven years, has broaden its business scope to the commercial air-conditioners and introduced various HVAC solutions suitable for the large-scale buildings. Particularly, the MULTI V PLUS II for the large-scale high-rises, which was introduced in 2007, localized its core components a hundred percent for the first time in Korea and was chosen as one of the Koreas Ten Greatest New Technology in 2007 for its high efficiency DC inverter technology. It wasnt only for that. The solution achieved the highest energy consumption efficiency for air-conditioning in the world (COP 4.2/4.4 based on 8HP), the most farthest height between indoor and outdoor units (100m) and the largest capacity (64HP). It was also highly valued for its ability of the quick and proper service and maintenance with the operation records saved for three minutes prior to the breakdown, which utilized the self breakdown sensing and checking theory for the first time in the world. LG Electronics has endeavored endlessly for creating the customers value and it has tried to spread the hybrid products for the new recycled energy for the environment and for the future. It will do so with the high efficiency DC inverter technology in the rapidly growing market of the new recycled energy in the world. We will offer the differentiated customer supporting programs reflecting positively the demands of the end users as well as the ones of design offices and construction companies in the stage of selecting products with the systematic operation of sales, technical support and service of HVAC. Along with them, the most appropriate HVAC system will be proposed through LATS Load, the scientific technology business software and Model Selection, the Field Event (FE) for the installing construction management will be enlarged, and a smallest fault will not be allowed with the scientific operation monitoring system. As a true leader in the air-conditioning industry, LG Electronics will continue to offer the most appropriate HVAC total solution for the environment and for the future. Thank you.
Innku Hur
Vice President LG Electronics
CONTENTS
New Product / New Technology
for the Small-Size Commercial Complex and Apartments
LG Electronics is to introduce the side discharge/single piping type MULTI V MINI in 2008. With the existing MULTI V PLUS II, SPACE II and SYNC, it will enlarge the scope of products selection for the customers.
02 08 19 20 21
Technical Report
CAE Technology and Application Cases
Using the CAE in the Commercial air-conditioners has been increased in Korea ever since the introduction of Commercial air-conditioners.
Overseas News_
Bus Shelters in Dubai
LG Air-Conditioners in the World-First Closed Bus Stops of Dubai.
Overseas News_
LG Whisens Wind Blowing in Chile
Chilean Subsidiary Participating in the Project of Territoria 3000, the Highest Grade Landmark Hotel in the Country.
Site Sketch-Korea
Myeong-dong Store of UNIQLO
Totol capacity of cooling is 220HP, with MULTI V PLUS 176HP on the 1st to 4th floors and MULTI V PLUS 44HP on the 5th floor applied respectively.
LG Electronics is to introduce the side discharge/single piping type MULTI V MINI in 2008. With the existing MULTI V PLUS II, SPACE II and SYNC, it will enlarge the scope of products selection for the customers.
Background of Development
Most commercial establishments like restaurants and shops use the package type air-conditioners with the single indoor unit connected to the single outdoor unit. But ceiling cassette type and indoor units of ceiling concealed duct type, which make possible to use interior spaces efficiently, are increasingly popular.
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Due to the trend of more and more large-scale high-rise buildings, the existing single type and multi piping products raise problems such as longer piping and farther height between indoor unit and outdoor unit. In case of karaokes, DVD rooms, studying rooms, etc., all of which are divided into much smaller cabins, refrigerant piping becomes complicated and installation difficult. But the single piping type MULTI V MINI will make it simple. The air-conditioning trend of residential buildings like the deluxe apartments has changed from the partial air-conditioning, in which only a living room and a main bedroom are air-conditioned, to the whole airconditioning. But the existing single piping package type has a limitation to respond the demand of whole air-conditioning, and the multi piping type as its alternative can provide only six indoor units at most with a single outdoor unit, while MULTI V MINI makes it possible to install nine to the maximum. If more than six rooms in an apartment require air-conditioning, two outdoor units will be necessary in case of the existing multi piping type and that will make the outdoor unit room crowded. The alteration of balcony to enlarge other spaces raises the cooling load that, in turn, require larger indoor and outdoor units. Now it is a fundamental requirement for customers to select a design of indoor unit among various ones available considering the interior design. Outdoor unit room is usually narrow and crowded with boiler, ventilation unit, oxygen producer, ect. along with air-conditioning outdoor unit. Therefore smaller and lighter units are necessary to fit into the space for installation and maintenance. Particularly low noise operation of outdoor unit is required during summer nights which are very hot in Korea.
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04
3.6
3.8
3.5 2.5
Cooling COP Heating COP
B Company in Korea
B Company in Korea
The Largest Number of Connectable Indoor Units in the World While an indoor unit is connected to the single outdoor unit in the existing single piping type, three to six indoor units are connected in the multi piping type. In MULTI V MINI, up to nine indoor units can be connected to a single outdoor unit in case of 16kW capacity and various indoor units such as ceiling cassette type, ART cool type and ceiling concealed duct type can be selected according to the interior design and the use of rooms.
Up to nine indoor units connectable with the single piping in case of 16kW outdoor unit
11kW 14.5kW 16kW
Units
B Company in Korea In case of 16kW outdoor unit
8 7
9 8
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The Most Freedom in Piping Deisgn in the World In the existing single and multi piping products, the maximum length of piping is about 50m and the maximum height difference between indoor unit and outdoor unit is about 7.5 to 30m. But in case of MULTI V MINI, the maximum length between indoor unit and outdoor unit is increased to 150m and the total length of piping to 300m, while the installation can be done under the height difference of 50m.
Strengthened Oil Return by Applying the Plate Sub-Cooling Heat Exchanger
Applying the Plate Sub-Cooling Heat Exchanger
The pressure drops due to refrigerant flowing reduced with the additional securing of liquid refrigerant through the sufficient sub-cooling. A new technology applying the first mini single piping VRF system in Korea.
The Longest Length and the Largest Height Difference of Piping in the World among the Same Models
150m 50m
The Longest Piping Length after first branch
Low Noise Operation for the Hot Summer Nights The noise level of outdoor units are reduced to 52, 51, 50dB(A) each for the capacity of 11, 14.5, 16kW, the lowest level in Korea, thanks to the low vibration design of compressor and fan motors. The noise level of competitors other models is about 57dB(A). In addition, RPM of fan in the outdoor unit is controlled freely according to the outdoor temperature with the night low noise operation function. In the cooling operation, the noise of outdoor unit can be lowered to 40 to 46dB(A) with the changeable RPM of fan. Though the night low noise operation function is cancelled in the heating operation considering the characteristics of the Korean outdoor weather in the winter, its expected that the noise wouldnt raise a problem as doors and windows are generally shut tightly for the most time.
Summer Day Summer Night (Tropical Night)
57dB(A)
B Company in Korea
50dB(A)
57dB(A)
B Company in Korea
40~46dB(A)
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Smaller and Lighter Outdoor Unit MULTI V MINI was developed with the emphasis on reducing the size and weight of outdoor unit and, therefore, it makes possible to reduce its installation space about 13 percents compared to the one of the side discharge type by B Company of Korea. Its weight also is lowered to 122kg, the lowest level in Korea, which is 20 percent lighter than the one by Company B (150kg).
B Company in Korea
0.36m2 (100%)
Size (WDH)
Size (WDH)
0.31m2 (87%)
= 9303851,270 mm
= 9503301,380 mm
Additional Function Related Maintenance The temperature and pressure sensors equipped on the indoor and outdoor units are able to check automatically with a simple handling. When a troubled indoor unit is repaired, the additional function of pump down that retrieves the refrigerant in the unit and pipes to the inside of outdoor unit makes possible to save the refrigerant charging cost. Equipped with Failure Detection & Diagnosis (FDD) technology in the outdoor unit, all operation data for three minutes prior to occurrence of a trouble are saved and make possible the quick and appropriate service. Various and Convenient Network Solution It can be connected to the existing wired or wireless remote controller, simple central controller, AC Smart, Advanced Control Platform (ACP) and home network. In case of a residential building, it can be controlled through a home server along with boiler, doorlock, etc. and the longdistance communication is also possible through the internet network and the handheld phones.
Wired and Wireless Controller 16-room and 64-room Central Controller ACP/AC-Manager Home Network
16-room Controller
AC Smart
AC-Manager
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Technical Report
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with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Tool and <Figure 2> shows the noise analysis of a large space (stadium) with the Noise Analysis Tool. But CAE has a limitation to imitate a natural phenomenon exactly as the same as it uses methods for computers to calculate equations. However, engineering predictions and application examples using the CAE has been increasing more than ever.
<Figure 2> Noise Analysis of a Large Space
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) means the general process of analysis and interpretation, etc. using the computer. CAE reduces the test time and cost enormously with the simulation and includes CFD, noise analysis, vibration analysis, structural analysis, etc.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a widely used tool for the CAE.
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CFD makes possible to value the flow analysis, ventilation analysis, noise analysis, airconditioning planning of large space, etc. after knowing the airflow speed, humidity, density of pollution, air staying time, etc. in every point of a room.
<Figure 3>, they can predict the indoor flux distribution of discharge air and the temperature distribution through the 3D modeling of an actually designed model and, if those dont satisfy the design standard, they can change to a new design through the CFD interpretation. Noise analysis is also very important to prevent noise the compressor and fan of an air-conditioner generate, because it influences users and other people a lot. Several examples of CFD and noise analysis that were implemented by LG Electronics:
b. 3D Modeling
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The
design of outdoor unit room through the airflow analysis of its inside and outside in apartments and commercial-residential complexes. analysis of indoor ventilation in apartments and commercialresidential complexes.
The
The noise analysis for group installation of outdoor units. The air-conditioning design for a large space.
Design of the Outdoor Unit Room through the Airflow Analysis of Its Inside and Outside in Apartments and Commercial-Residential Complexes
It has become a very important issue to preview the problems raised in the air-conditioner outdoor unit room and about the discharge airflow and to consult with construction companies or developers, as skyscraper commercial-residential complexes and high-rising apartments seize the most part of the new housing market. Along with this, the installation of ventilation units are enforced by laws and regulations based on the government policies to enhance the quality of indoor air and, accordingly, not only the Commercial air-conditioner engineers but also general users take their interest in the CFD.
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With its MULTI V SPACE outdoor units that were designed to adapt to skyscrapers and eco-V ventilation units, LG Electronics more than any other manufacturer drives forward aggressively the CFD interpretation for skyscrapers. Generally, if there is the draft of air around a building, a stagnation point appears about the sixty to eighty percent of its height on the side against the wind and the direction of its blowing is divided into upward and downward, rightward and leftward from the point, while the speed of wind is weaken and large and small vortexes appear on the other side of building. There will be positive pressure on the side against the wind and negative pressure on the other side, where the re-inflow of air arises. Lets examine the phenomena according to the arrangement of buildings and the patterns of their plans. <Figure 4> shows the airflow around a twin tower type commercial-residential complex and <Figure 5> shows the airflow caused by the draft around a building and the flow of discharge air from the MULTI V SPACE outdoor units.
<Figure 5> The airflow around a skyscaper and the flow of discharge air from the MULTI V SPACE outdoor units
When the outdoor units are installed in the cabin of outdoor units within a building, the decision on the minimum space of the cabin and its louver size and the consultation with the architect would be necessary in the planning stage to prevent problems from arising. One of the expected problems is the one caused by the insufficient louver size for the smooth flow of discharged air from the outdoor units. Its re-inflow and the rising
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temperature of the cabin can cause the deteriorated performance of outdoor units and, in the worst case, the frequent stop of operation resulted by the system protecting device with the high pressure sensor of outdoor units. <Figure 6> shows the suction temperature of conventional outdoor units before and after the expansion of louver in the same cabin and <Figure 7> the flow vector to the cross section of an outdoor fan. In the cabin of outdoor units the phenomenon of re-inflow of the discharged air to it is found as the strong flow arises in the cross section of suction area because of its narrowness and, as a result, the suction temperature of outdoor units rises. In contrast, as the suction flow path is secured after the louver expansion, the flow of discharged air and the suction inflow are separated and the outdoor air inflow to the outdoor units becomes smooth. Suction temperature is also kept about the same as the outdoor air temperature.
In the Commercial airconditioner installation site, optimized solutions are suggested about the estimation of proper capacity of outdoor units and the decision on the installing places from the planning stage of a building until the completion of installation.
<Figure 6> Distribution of suction temperature of outdoor units according to the size of louver
<Figure 7> The flow of air discharge from and suction to the outdoor units before and after louver expansion
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The normal operation of outdoor unit cant be expected if the flow of outdoor units air discharge is disturbed by any fixture like mosquito nets or punch plates as in <Figure 8a>. In such a case, after the simulation of the various alternatives using the CFD, the addition of a simple air guide can be suggested as a nice solution to improve the smooth flow the air discharge from and suction into the outdoor unit as in <Figure 8b>. It is confirmed in the CFD interpretation as in the <Figure 9>.
a. Cabin of outdoor unit before the improvement b. Cabin of outdoor unit after the improvement
The re-inflow of discharge air from outdoor unit through the upper and lower parts is displayed.
<Figure 9> Flow of the air discharge from and suction into the outdoor unit before and after the improvement
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As in <Figure 10>, the process of selecting the optimized location of diffusers through the visualization of distribution of polluting materials and their discharge air flow according to their location with the CFD can be a good technical data to impress general customers directly and to help engineers. It would be more effective if the removing process of polluting materials like carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, etc. according to the change of time after the operation of ventilation units can be seen as in <Figure 11> and the change of their location can be considered in the design complement.
The CFD makes possible to select the optimized location of ventilation units with the prior estimation of the quality of interior air in the building through the visualization of distribution of polluting materials and diffuser discharge air flow.
a. Location of ventilation units in the unit household CO2 [ppm] 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 c. The thickness distribution of indoor carbon dioxide
<Figure 10> Ventilation air flow simulation in the unit household of an apartment building
CO2 [ppm] 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 a. Before the operation b. During the operation c. After the operation
<Figure 11> The thickness change of indoor carbon dioxide before, during and after the operation of ventilation units
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Area division
Area
A
A B
Area
B C D
*Residential area, Greenery area, Community zone and Sport and Recreation zone in a quasi-city area, natural environment reservation area, and an area within 50m from the border line of sites of school, hospital or public library.
*The general residential area and quasi-residential area based on the article 15 of the ordinance of City Planning Law
b. Plot plan of outdoor units and neighboring houses neighboring houses site borderline
* The result above was achieved on the height of 1.5m from the ground.
<Figure 12> Noise analysis of neighboring spaces according to the collective installation of outdoor units
<Figure 13> Horizontal noise analysis in the ollective installation of outdoor units
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In the air-conditioning planning of large spaces, it is necessary to lower the discharge air from indoor units onto the floor. To do so, are there several methods. One is to secure sufficient discharge speed with raising the quantity of discharge air per diffuser, and the other two are to enforce the circulation with the ceiling air supply and floor return and to provide the natural circulation with the floor air supply and ceiling return.
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15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
T1
<Figure 14> Density change according to the temperature <Figure 15> Density change according to the temperature
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<Figure 16> is an example of analysis to the lobby space with its ceiling height of 7m. Securing the sufficient quantity of discharge air per diffuser and using the product of high pressure concealed duct, the result shows that it could be heated onto the floor without the rise of discharge air flow as in b and c of <Figure 16>. <Figure 17> is an auditorium with its ceiling height of about 18m and its capacity of 2,300 people and the space is expected to raise a cooling problem for the occupancy load. The central part of its ceiling is too complicate to install the diffusers and only its edge can be used. The heating and cooling of the auditoriums central part is implemented by the discharge diffusers of AHUs, which were installed on the its mezzanine. In addition, on the edge of the auditorium are free standing FCUs, which is to remove the structure load as well as occupancy load. <Figure 17> c and d show the temperature distribution of the cross section and plane of the central part when cooling.
<Figure 16> Analysis of air flow and temperature distribution when heating a high-ceiling lobby
b. 3D modelling
c. Temperature distribution of the vertical cross d. Temperature distribution of the horizontal section plane
<Figure 17> Analysis of horizontal and vertical temperature when cooling the large-space auditorium
We have examined the various examples in which the CFD and Noise Analysis are used as the CAE in the Commercial air-conditioners. Considering the characteristics of Commercial air-conditioners that it is difficult to test before the installation and to prove after, it is expected that the CAE can be used as an optimum tool to offer the proper guidelines to customers in the stages of design, construction, service, etc. for the application of Commercial air-conditioners on the site. Until now, the CAE has been used principally in the air-cooled Commercial air-conditioners. LG Electronics will continue to offer the high-grade HVAC solutions using the CAE in the expanded scope of products like water source heat pump, AHU, geothermal heat pump, small size co-gen product, etc.
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Overseas News_
To Supply Air-Conditioners to the Total 815 Bus Stops to the End of the Year
As of now 25 bus shelters have been installed with LG air-conditioners and the total of 815 shelters are to be to the end of the year. For the project, LG Electronics proposed a top discharge type outdoor unit that release the hot air through the top side of outdoor unit to avoid inconvenience to the passersby and proved the performance through the product test under the environment of the same temperature and humidity as in Dubai.
<Photo 2> The announcement of opening
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Overseas News_
Executive Byun Kyoung Hoon, representative of LG Electronics in the region of Central and South Americas (left) and President Eugenio Varela of Isidora 3000 (right).
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SITE SKETCH-KOREA
Name Main
of Site : Uniqlo (24-11, Chungmuro 1 Ga, Jung-gu, Seoul) Use : Clothing store Size of Building : 5-story Total Space : 3,762 square meter (except machinery room and rooftop) Date of Completion : December 2007 Period of Installation : About 80 days Applied System : MULTI V PLUS 220HP Outdoor units : 10 units including LRP-N4605D (KOREAN Model) Indoor units : Wall Mounted LRD-N325R 3 units 1 Way LRD-N235C and others 17 units 4 Way LRD-N605T and others 58 units Single Type Heat Pump System / Cooler 2 units Heat Recovery Unit : LZ-H1002SB and others 21 units Remarks : Remodelling site Air-Conditioning Design Supervision : Hangyeong MEC Co., Ltd. Tel. 02-933-7500 A-702, Hagyeo Techno Town 250-3, Hagyeo-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul Air-Conditioning Construction : Digital Air-Conditioning International Tel. 031-557-6666 533, Gawun-dong, Nam-yangju, Gyeonggi-do
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<Photo 1> 4 way cassette type installed in the casuals shops on the first floor
Myeong-dong Store of Uniqlo is a large-scale clothing store which uses four floors of a 5story building (the fifth floor is the office of its headquarters). Totol capacity of cooling is 220HP, with MULTI V PLUS 176HP on the 1st to 4th floors and MULTI V PLUS 44HP on the 5th floor applied respectively.
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<Photo 3> Wall mounted type installed on the fifth office floor
<Figure 1> Floor plan of ventilation ducts between kids wear shops on the fourth floor and fifth office floor
took a long time as a lot of pipes couldnt be combined but each should be installed separately.
wall mounted type indoor units were installed to be harmonized with its interior design. As its ventilation system, 21 heat recovery units were installed and they provide the clean and comfortable shopping space with their functions of indoor-outdoor exchange of temperature and humidity, sound insulation (noise interception) and improvement of indoor air quality.
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M I N I
I N T E R V I E W
Order-Made Installation
for the Convenience of Customers
Kim Min Hwan Chief, Installation Team / Digital Air-Conditioning International Jeong Yong Seong Manager, Store Design and Construction Team / Uniqlo
Q 1 What is the reason why Myeong-dong Store of Uniqlo installed LG Commercial air-conditioner?
It is known that LG Electronics has been developing new products of commercial Commercial air-conditioner with the enthusiastic research and investment. We selected LG Commercial air-conditioner because its operation cost would be comparably low, the heating and cooling would be automatically controlled with PC and the maintenance and caring of outdoor units would be convenient.
Q 2 What do you think was the most difficult problem in the installation of this project?
The ceiling height was too low-lower than any other site I know. Furthermore, the height was different everywhere, so it was impossible to install the pipes combinedly. We had to do it separately one indoor unit at a time. Piping and drainage construction was the hardest thing.
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