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    UNIT-3 Engineer'S Responsibility For Safety

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    Kishorekumar Raj
    1. Safety is defined as risk that is known and judged as acceptable, while risk is the potential for something unwanted and harmful to occur. 2. There are various analytical methods to assess safety and risk, including scenario analysis, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis (FTA), and event tree analysis (ETA). 3. Factors that influence risk perception include the probability of risk, consequence of risk, whether the risk is voluntary, magnitude of risk, and proximity of risk. Proper assessment of these factors is required to reduce risk.

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    UNIT-3 Engineer'S Responsibility For Safety

    Uploaded by

    Kishorekumar Raj
    37 views6 pages
    1. Safety is defined as risk that is known and judged as acceptable, while risk is the potential for something unwanted and harmful to occur. 2. There are various analytical methods to assess safety and risk, including scenario analysis, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis (FTA), and event tree analysis (ETA). 3. Factors that influence risk perception include the probability of risk, consequence of risk, whether the risk is voluntary, magnitude of risk, and proximity of risk. Proper assessment of these factors is required to reduce risk.

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    Ethics Unit 3

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    1. Safety is defined as risk that is known and judged as acceptable, while risk is the potential for something unwanted and harmful to occur. 2. There are various analytical methods to assess safety and risk, including scenario analysis, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis (FTA), and event tree analysis (ETA). 3. Factors that influence risk perception include the probability of risk, consequence of risk, whether the risk is voluntary, magnitude of risk, and proximity of risk. Proper assessment of these factors is required to reduce risk.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    37 views6 pages

    UNIT-3 Engineer'S Responsibility For Safety

    Uploaded by

    Kishorekumar Raj
    1. Safety is defined as risk that is known and judged as acceptable, while risk is the potential for something unwanted and harmful to occur. 2. There are various analytical methods to assess safety and risk, including scenario analysis, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis (FTA), and event tree analysis (ETA). 3. Factors that influence risk perception include the probability of risk, consequence of risk, whether the risk is voluntary, magnitude of risk, and proximity of risk. Proper assessment of these factors is required to reduce risk.

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    of 6

    UNIT-3

    SAFETY AND RISK: Definition:

    ENGINEERS RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY

    Safety - safety was defined as the risk that is known and judged as acceptable Risk risk is a potential that something unwanted and harmful may occur Probability of safety Risk = = 1-probability of risk probability of occurrence X consequence in magnitude

    Different methods are available to determine the risk 1. Testing on the functions of the safety-system components 2. DESTRUCTIVE TESTING: Testing is done till the component fails Too expensive Very realistic and useful

    3. PROTOTYPE TESTING: Testing is done on a proportional scale model with all vital components fixed Dimensional analysis could be used to project the results at the actual conditions 4. SIMULATION TESTING: Simulations are done with the help of computer Safe boundary may be obtained Outcomes can be predicted

    VARIOUS FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES THE PERCEPTION OF RISK: 1. Probability of risk 2. Consequence of the risk 3. Voluntary risk 4. Magnitude of risk 5. Proximity of risk 6. Method of information spreaded on risk 7. Job related risk

    ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY AND RISK: Uncertainties in assessment: 1. Restricted access to knowledge on risk 2. Uncertainty in behavior of materials 3. Variation in behavior of product 4. Misuse of products 5. Newer applications of technologies may sometimes remain unpublished 6. Replacing new products whose behavior is not fully tested 7. Unexpected outcome of product ANALYTICAL METHODS: a) Scenario analysis b) FMEA (Failure Mode and Effective Analysis) c) FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) d) ETA (Event Tree Analysis) a. Scenario analysis: A scenario is a synopsis of events or conditions leading to an accident and subsequent loss. Scenarios are put forward on the basis that risk potential is AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE (ALARA) Steps for risk assessment: 1. Identifying the hazard of interest 2. Identifying the question to be investigated 3. Developing a scenario plan 4. Developing a scenario analysis tree 5. Collective evidence for evaluating the nodes of scenario 6. Quantifying the number for scenario tree 7. Linking the information generated by scenario analysis tree b. Failure mode and effective analysis (FMEA) FMEA is defined as 1. 2. 3. 4. Identify possible failure modes in the product To understand failure mechanism Risk analysis Plan for action on failure modes

    Risk priority number (RPN):

    RPN=Severity X probability X detection c. fault-tree analysis 1. This is a qualitative method and was originated by Nell Telephones 2. It is technology-based deductive logic 3. Failure is initially defined 4. The events leading to that failure are identified at different component level. 5. This method can combine hardware failure and human failure The advantages of FTA are The primary causes can be located easily It is useful in emergent situations

    d. Event tree analysis: ETA method illustrates the sequence of outcomes which may arise after the occurrence of a selected event This method uses inductive logic

    It is mainly used for consequence analysis and in identifying the potential hazards in the system

    It is the inverse of FTA FTA allows one to proceed back in time to examine the components of sequences with probability of failure, but ETA allows the observer to proceed only forward in time from potential component failures

    EXAMPLE: GOING LATE FOR DUTY

    The person has following three alternatives to get there: 1. Driving his own car along the highway, that is subject to periodic overcrowding and delays while driving 2. To use the public transport 3. Call a colleague to share the car

    RISK-BENEFIT ANALYSIS: The major reasons for the analysis of the risk benefit are: 1. To know risks and benefits 2. To decide on designs, advisability of product 3. To suggest and modify the design so that the risks are eliminated Limitations exist in risk-benefit analysis: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Two types: Personal risk: For ex: mahatma Gandhi served people when dangers are present all over. For such saviors, there was no personal risk Methodologies to access personal risk quantitatively: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Public risk: For ex: 1. loss of reduction in future income or earning capacity due to physical disability 2. cost associated with an accident, medical treatment 3. cost of welfare which includes rehabilitation access the voluntary activities access the degree of occupational hazard loss of sense such as sight, hearing, loss of limbs physical disability get assistance y trained arbiters personal risk public risk Benefits go to one group and risks may go to another group People who exposed to maximum risks may get only the minimum benefits The units for comparison are not same both risk and benefits lie in the future both risks and benefits are uncertain

    REDUCING RISK (Improving safety) Techniques that have been adopted to reduce the risks are 1. an application with inherent safety while designing 2. use of redundancy principle in instrument protection 3. periodic monitoring and testing of safety systems 4. issue of operation manual 5. development of well-designed emergency evacuation Voluntary risk: Voluntary risk is the involvement of people in risky actions, although they know that these actions are unsafe Ex: people participate in car racing and risky stunts Testing becomes inappropriate when the products are 1. tested destructively 2. when the test duration is long 3. When the components failing the test are very costly. alternate methods are adopted in these circumstances

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