SET NO – 087/1

Roll No. Candidates must write the Set No. on the

title page of the answer book.

DAV PUBLIC SCHOOLS, BERHAMPUR

P.A-II EXAMINATION (2023-24)

 Please check that this question paper contains 8 printed pages + 02 Maps.
 Set number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer book by the candidate.
 Check that this question paper contains 37 questions.
 Write down the Serial Number of the question in the left side of the margin before
attempting it.
 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper
will be distributed 15 minutes prior to the commencement of the examination. The
students will read the question paper only and will not write any answer on the
answer script during this period.

CLASS- IX
SOCIAL SCIENCE (087)

Time Allowed: 3 Hours MaximumMarks: 80

General Instructions:
i) The Question Paper comprises of five Sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 37
questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
ii) Section A – Question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
iii) Section B – Question 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2
marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
iv) Section C – Question 25 to 29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks
each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
v) Section D – Question 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
vi) Section-E - Question 34 to 36 are Case Based Questions with three sub questions and
are of 4 marks each.
vii) Section F – Question 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37A from
History (2 marks) and 37B from Geography (3 marks).
viii) There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been
provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions has to be
attempted.
ix) In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question,
wherever necessary.
SL.N QUESTIONS MARK
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O S
1 Identify the correct statement from the following: 1
I. The constitution of 1791 gave women the right to vote, to
be elected to the Assembly and to hold political office.
II. However, during the reign of Terror, the new government
issued laws ordering the reversal of voting rights for
women.
III. Women in France Finally won the rights to vote in 1946
A. (I), (II) and (III)
B. (I) and (II)
C. (I) only
D. (III) only

2 Identify the reasons why Indian Ocean named after India. 1

A. India has a strategic location along the trans-Indian
ocean.
B. No other country has a long coastline on the Indian
Ocean as India.
C. India is centrally located at the head of the Indian Ocean.
D. All the above
3 Choose which of the following transform the system of 1
irrigation in Palampur.
A. Tubewell
B. Persian wheel
C. Rain water harvesting
D. Non of the above
4 Identify the tributaries of Godavari from the following options 1
given below.
A. Amravati and Hemavati
B. The Wainganga and Penganga
C. Tungabhadra and Musi
D. Gandhak and Koshi
5 In China, elections are held after every _____________years for 1
electing the countries parliament.
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
6 Which of the following statements counter the argument 1
against democracy that decision making in a democracy is
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 delayed?
I. Democratic government is accountable for its actions.
II. Decision making in a democracy is based on consultation
and discussion by many persons, which is time consuming.
III. When many people come together to make decisions, they
can point out mistakes and thus avoid making rash and
irresponsible decisions.
IV. A democracy deals with conflicts and differences..
Option
A. I and II
B. III and IV
C. II and III
D. I and IV
7 There are two Statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason 1
(R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below:
Assertion(A): A democratic government is a better government
Reason(R) : it is more accountable form of government.
A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A).
C. (A) is true but (R) is False.
D. (A) is false but (R) is true
8 SarvaShiksha Abhiyan’ is a significant step towards providing 1
education to all children. Identify the age group :
A. 6 -14 years
B. 5 -10 years
C. 5 -14 years
D.10 -15 years
9 The below given statement is from the extracts from Nehru’s 1
speech ‘Tryst with Destiny’. Read the statement and answer the
following question.
“The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to
wipe every tear from every eye”. Who was he referring to?
A. B.R.Ambedkar
B. Motilal Nehru
C. Mahatma Gandhi
D. Rajendra Prasad.
10 Look at the picture given below. Identify the name of the 1
pastoralist of Rajasthan

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 A. Sans- Culottes couple
B. Duke and Duchess of Scotland
C. Followers of Napoleon
D. Duke and Duchess of Wellington
11 Select which of the following statements is not true about 1
small – manufacturing in villages.
A. Farmers engage in to supplement their income.
B. Farmers take help of their family members.
C. The production is done mostly at home.
D.Farmers produce articles for their own use.
12 Every document presented and every word spoken in the 1
constituent Assembly has been recorded and preserved. These
are called ___________
A. Constituent Assembly minute.
B. Constituent Assembly Agenda.
C. Constituent Assembly Debate.
D. Constituent Assembly Daily
13 Arrange the following in the correct sequence : 1
I. Napoleon – king of France
II. The Directory rule in France
III. Attack on the Bastille
IV. Louis XVI – king of France
A. III, IV, I, II
B. II, I, III, IV
C. I, II, IV, III
D. IV, III, II, I

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14 Most abundant factor of production in India is 1
A. Land
B. Labour
C. Capital
D. Technological machines
15 Choose, which of the following was not the worker’s demand 1
in St.Petersberg, who went on strike in 1904?
A. Reduction in working day to 8 hours
B. B .Improvement in working conditions
C. Increase in wages
D. Helping instruments and security tools required

16 Lakes are of great values to human beings. Choose an incorrect 1

option.
A. Helps to regulate the flow of river.
B. It results in flooding.
C. Can be used for generating hydel power.
D. Enhance the natural beauty.
17 Choose the right option and fill in the blank 1
Election in India for Parliament and state legislature are
conducted by _______.
A. Prime Minister
B. President
C. Election Commission of India
D. Chief Justice
18 Cultivation of wheat and rice were enhanced by ________. 1
A. Green revolution
B. Blue revolution
C. White revolution
D. Wheat revolution
19 Find the incorrect statement from the following. 1
A. All citizens above the age of 21 can vote in an election
B. Every citizen has the right to vote regardless of caste
religion or gender.
C. Some criminals and persons with unsound mind can be
denied the right to vote in rare situations.
D. It is the responsibility of the government to get the names
of all eligible voters put in the voters list.
20 Match the column A with the Column B. 1

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 Column A Column B
I. Non-market a.Transport,
activities health, education
II. Literacy rate b.Average
number of years
that a person is
expected to live.
III. Tertiary c. production for
sector self consumption
IV. Life d. percentage of
expectancy people who can
read or write
A. I-a, II-b, III- c, IV- d
B. I- c, II – d, III- a, IV- b
C. I- d, II- c, III- b, IV – a
D. I- a, II- d, III- b, IV - c

21 2

I.Name the famous cartoonist sitting on the chair.

iiRecognize the first and the last picture hanging on the wall
22 Describe the contribution of Bolshevik Party to the Russian 2
Revolution of October 1917 ?
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23 “India has a large coastline which is advantageous.” Explain. 2
24 Democracy enhances the dignity of citizens.”Justify the 2
statement with any three relevant points.
Or
Democracy is better than other forms of government because it
allows us to correct its own mistakes. Justify the statement with
any three relevant points.
25 The growing middle class in France envisaged an end to the 3
privileges? Support the statement by giving three reasons.
OR
‘One of the most revolutionary social reforms of the Jacobin
regime was the abolition of slavery in the French colonies’
Support the statement by giving three reasons.
26 Explain any three efforts which can be made to increase non – 3
farming production activities in villages.
27 Differentiate between Western Ghat and Eastern Ghat. 3
28 State any three major features of the term apartheid 3
29 Give a brief description how is human resource different from 3
other resources like land and physical capital.
30 Rivers play an important role in national economy. Justify the 5
statement with suitable example.
OR
The growing domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural
demand for water from rivers naturally affects the quality of
water. Justify the statement with suitable examples and suggest 3+2
any two measures that can prevent it
31 Describe the condition of socialism in Russia before 1905 5
revolution.
OR
Describe the conditions of Russian economy and society prior
to Russian revolution.
32 Analyze the major Challenges to free and fair Election In India 5
Or
“One final test of free and fairness of election has in the
outcome itself”. Examine the statement with suitable arguments.
33 “Education is an important input for the growth of an 5
individual as well as the society”. Illustrate.
OR
Illustrate the term unemployment in the context of India and
distinguish between disguised unemployment and seasonal
unemployment.
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34 In 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself 4
Emperor of France. He is set out to conquer
neighbouring European countries, dispossessing
dynasties and creating kingdoms where he placed
members of his family. Napoleon saw his role as a
moderniser of Europe. He introduced many laws such
as the protection of private property and a uniform
system of weights and measures provided by the
decimal system. Initially, many saw Napoleon as a
liberator who would bring freedom for the people but
soon the Napoleonic armies came to be viewed
everywhere as an invading force. He was finally
defeated at Waterloo in 1815. Many of his measures
that carried the revolutionaries’ ideas of liberty and
modern laws to other parts of Europe had an impact
on people long after Napoleon had left.
Answer the following questions :
34.1. Mention when did Napoleon Bonaparte crown himself as
the Emperor of France?
34.2. Discuss the idea of Napoleon that influenced the other
European countries?
34.3. List any two laws introduced by Napoleon.

35. The peninsular plateau is a tableland composed of the old 4

crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks. It was formed due
to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land and thus,
making it a part of the oldest landmass. The plateau has broad
and Shallow valleys and rounded hills. This plateau consist of
two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highland and the
Deccan Plateau. The part of the peninsular plateau lying to the
north of the Narmada river, covering a major area of the Malwa
plateau is known as the Central Highlands. The Vindhya range
is bounded by the Satpura range on the south and Aravalis on
the Northwest. The further westward extension gradually
merges with the sandy and rocky desert of Rajasthan. The flow
of the rivers draining this region, namely the Chambal, the Sind,
the Betwa and the Ken is from Southwest to northeast, thus
indicating the slope. The Central Highlands are wider in the
West but narrower in the East. The eastward extension of this
plateau are locally known as the Bundelkhand and
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 Baghelkhand. The Chhotanagpur Plateau marks the further
eastward extension, drained by Damodar the River.
35.1. Identify any one river origins from Central Highland.
35.2. Name the further eastward extension of Central 1
Highland. 1
35.3. Discuss any two features of Plateau.
2
36 The aim of production is to produce the goods and services that
we want . There are four requirements for production of goods
and services. The first requirements is land, and other natural
resources such as water, forests, minerals. The second
requirement is labour, i.e people who will do the work. Some
production activities require highly educated workers to
perform the necessary tasks. Other activities require workers
who can do manual work. Each worker is providing the labour
necessary for production. The third requirement is physical
capital, i.e the variety of inputs required at every stage during
production. What are the items that come under physical
capital ? (a) tools, machines, buildings – Tools and machines
range from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough to
sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines, computers,
etc. Tools, machines, buildings can be used in production over
many years, and are called fixed capital. (b) Raw materials and
money in hand- production requires a variety of raw materials
such as the yarn used by the weaver and the clay used by the
potter. Also, some money is always required during production
to make payments and buy other necessary items. Raw
materials and money in hand are called working capital. Unlike
tools, machines and buildings these are used up in production.
Answer the following Questions :
36.1. Discuss any one requirements for production. .
36.2. Write the name of the person who puts together land,
labour, and capital.
36.3. Describe any two types of things fall under physical
capital

37 On the given outline Map of the World- 1+ 1

A (a) Locate and label the Allied power- USA of the First
World War.
(b) Identify the Central Power Country of the First World
War labelled in the map.

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37. B

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 a.

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 ANNEXURE –A

DAV PUBLIC SCHOOLS, ODISHA

PA-II EXAMINATION (2023-24). SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS: X
CBQ
VSA LS
MCQ SA-I / Tota
Marks (4 (4 Ma
Sl (20 (5 SBQ l
Chapters / Allotted Nos.) Nos.) p (1
N Nos.) Nos.) (3 (37
Units in 2 5 Nos.
o 1 3ma Nos.) Nos.
Syllabus mar mar )
mark rks 4ma )
ks ks
rks
HISTORY 20
1 The French 10 3 - 1 - 1 - 5
Revolution
2 Socialism in 10 1 1 - 1 - 1x2 4
Europe & the mar
Russian ks
Revolution.
POLITICAL 20
SCIENCE
1 What is 8 3 1 1 - - - 5
Democracy?
Why
democracy?
2 Constitutional 5 2 - 1 - - - 3
Design.
3 Electoral 7 2 - - 1 - - 3
Politics.
GEOGRAPH 20
Y
1 India Size and 4 1 1 - - - 1m 2
Location
2 Physical 8 - - 1 - 1 1m 2
PA-II / SOCIAL SCIENCE / STD. IX Page 12 of
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 features of
India
3 Drainage 8 2 - - 1 - 1m 3

ECONOMIC 20
S
1 The story of 10 3 - 1 - 1 - 5
village
Palampur.
2 People as a 10 2 - 1 1 - - 4
resource.

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 ANNEXURE –B
DAV PUBLIC SCHOOLS, ODISHA
PA-II EXAMINATION (2023-24). SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS:
X
QUESTIONWISE ANALYSIS [SET NO-087/1]
Forms of
(R),
Question -
Marks (U),
Q. No. Chapters / units (LA , SB,
Allotted (A),
SA-I,
(H), (E)
VSA,MCQ)
1 His. Ch-1- The French Revolution MCQ 1 R
2 Geo. Ch-1-India Size and Location MCQ 1 AN
3 Eco.Ch-1- The story of village MCQ 1 EV
Palampur
4 Geo. Ch-3-Drainage MCQ 1 R
5 Hist. Ch-1- The French Revolution MCQ 1 R
6 Pol. Ch-1- What is Democracy and MCQ 1 U
Why Democracy
7 Pol. Ch-1- What is Democracy and MCQ 1 AN
Why Democracy
8 Eco. Ch-2- People as a Resources MCQ 1 R
9 Pol. Ch- 2- Constitutional Design MCQ 1
10 His. Ch-2- Socialism in Europe MCQ 1 R
11 Eco.Ch-1- The story of village MCQ 1 EV
Palampur
12 Pol. Ch- 2- Constitutional Design MCQ 1 U
13 His. Ch-1- The French Revolution MCQ 1 R
14 Eco.Ch-1- The story of village MCQ 1 APP
Palampur
15 His. Ch-2- Socialism in Europe MCQ 1 EV
16 Geo. Ch-3-Drainage MCQ 1 AN
17 Pol. Ch-3- Electoral Politics MCQ 1 EV
18 Eco.Ch-1- The story of village MCQ 1 R
Palampur
19 Pol. Ch-3- Electoral Politics MCQ 1 R
20 Eco. Ch-2- People as a Resources MCQ 1 R
21 Pol. Ch-1- What is Democracy and VSA 2 R
Why Democracy
22 His. Ch-2- Socialism in Europe VSA 2 U
23 Geo. Ch-1-India Size and Location VSA 2 R+U
24 Pol. Ch-1- What is Democracy and VSA 2 EV
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 Why Democracy
25 His. Ch-1- The French Revolution SA 3 EV
26 Eco. Ch-2- People as a Resources SA 3 U
27 Geog. Ch-2- Physical features of SA 3 AN
India
28 Pol. Ch- 2- Constitutional Design SA 3 R
29 Eco. Ch-1- The story of village SA 3 U
Palampur
30 Geo. Ch-3-Drainage LA 5 EV
31 His. Ch-2- Socialism in Europe LA 5 U
32 Pol. Ch-3- Electoral Politics LA 5 AN
33 Eco. Ch-2- People as a Resources LA 5 APP
34 His. Ch-1- The French Revolution SB 4 R/U/R
35 Geog. Ch-2-Physical features of SB 4 R/R/EV
India
36 Eco. Ch-1- The story of village SB 4 EV/U/U
Palampur
37 Map Skill ( Geo +Hist) MS 2+3 MAP

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 ANNEXURE –C
DAV PUBLIC SCHOOLS, ODISHA
Pre-Board Examination SOCIAL SCIENCE, CLASS : X
MARKING SCHEME [SET NO-087/1]
 Any other relevant point given by the students may be considered.
Page
Qs Marks No. of
n ANSWER KEY Allotte NCER
No. d T Text
Book
H- Ch-
1 D (III) only 1
1: Pg.10
2 D.All of the above 1 Geog.
Ch-1,
pg-2
3 A. Tube well 1 Eco –
Ch-1:
Pg. 1
4 B. The Wainganga and Penganga 1 Geog.
Ch-3,
pg-21
5 C. 5 1 DP Ch1
Pg No-5
6 C II and III 1 DP Ch1
Pg No-
10,11
7 A. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is 1 DP Ch1
the correct explanation of Assertion. Pg No-5
8 A. 6-14 years 1 Eco –
Ch-2 :
Pg. 22
9 C Mahatma Gandhi 1 DP Ch
2
Pg No-
27
10 A. Sans – Culottes couple 1 H- Ch-
1 : Pg.
14
11 D. Farmers produce articles for their own use. 1 Eco-
Ch-1
Pg.

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 11,12
12 C Constituent Assembly Debate 1 DP Ch
2
Pg No-
25
13 D IV, III, II, I 1 H-Ch-1:
Pg.
4,9,17,
14 B. Labour 1 Eco-
Ch-1
Pg. 9
15 D Helping instruments and security tools required 1 H-Ch-2:
Pg.33
16 A. It results in flooding. 1 Geog.
Ch-3,
pg-22
17 C Election Commission of India 1 DP Ch3
Pg No-
47
18 A. Green revolution 1 ECO-
Ch-1:
Pg.4
19 A. All citizens above the age of 21 can vote in an 1 DP Ch3
election Pg No-
40
20 B. I-c, II – d, III- a, IV- b 1 ECO-
Ch-2
Pg. 19,
23
21 i) R. K Laxman 2 DP Ch
(ii). Jawaharlal Nehru and Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1
Pg No-
13
22 i. The Bolshevik Party put forward clear policies to end 2 H- Ch-
the war . 2 Pg.
ii. transferred the land to the peasants 36, 37
iii. and advanced the slogan, “All power to the Soviets”.
On the question of non-Russian nationalities, Bolsheviks
were the only party with a clear policy.
iv. Lenin had proclaimed the right of all people to self-
determination, including those under the Russian Empire.
(Any two)
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23 1. India’s central location and long coastline enable 2 Geog.
many countries to pass through India’s ports during Ch-1,
their sea route. pg-2&3
2. Major ports on Eastern and Western Coast help in
import and export of goods from India, developing
its trade.
24 i. As we discussed above, democracy is based on the 2 DP Ch
principle of political equality, on recognizing that 1
the poorest and the least educated has the same Pg No-
status as the rich and the educated. 33,34
ii. People are not subjects of a ruler, they are the rulers
themselves.
iii. Even when they make mistakes, they are
responsible for their conduct.
Or DP Ch
i. As we saw above, there is no guarantee that 1
mistakes cannot be made in democracy. No form of Pg No-
government can guarantee that. 34
ii. The advantage in a democracy is that such mistakes
cannot be hidden for long. There is a space for
public discussion on these mistakes. And there is a
room for correction.
Either the rulers have to change their decisions, or the
rulers can be changed.

25 i. The 18th Century witnessed the emergence of social 3 H-Ch-1:

groups termed as ‘Middle Class’, who earned their Pg.6,7
wealth through an expanding overseas trade and
from the manufacture of goods, such as wollen and
silk textiles that were either exported or bought by
the richer members of the society.
ii. In addition to the merchants and manufacturers, the
third estate included professionals such as lawyers
or administrative officers.
iii. All of these were educated and believed that no
group in the society should be privileged by birth .
Rather a person’s social position must depend on
his merit. These ideas envisages a society, based on
freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all ,
were put forward by philosophers.
OR H- Ch-
1 Pg. 21

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 i. It was finally the convention which in 1794
legislated to free all the slaves in the French
overseas possessions. This, however, turned out to
be a short-term measure. However, ten years later,
Napoleon reintroduced slavery.
ii. Plantation owners understood their freedom as
including the right to enslave African Negroes in
pursuit of their economic interests.
iii. Slavery was finally abolished in French colonies in
1848.

26 i. Collection centres for collecting milk can be 3 ECO-

developed in village for supplementing income of Ch-1:
poor farmers. Pg.
ii. Small-scale manufacturing can be introduced where 10,11
family members of farmers can work together to
produce goods which can be sold in the market.
iii. Education and health of the people be improve, so
that they can become self dependent and can open
computer centre or school in the village.
(Any other relevant points)
27 Difference between Western and Eastern Ghats are: 3 Geog.
1. Height:The height iof western ghat is 900 to 1,100 Ch-2,
m. The highest peak of this region is from pg-12-
Anaimudi with a height of 2,659 km. The Eastern 13
Ghats are lower in height than the Western Ghats. It
ranges from 600 to 900 m. Mahendragiri is the
highest peak in Eastern Ghats.
2. Slope: Western ghats have steep slope as height
increases from North to South. Eastern ghats have a
gentle slope.
3. Continuity: Western ghats are continous and can
be crossed through passes only. They are irregular
and discontinous and dissected by the rivers.
28 i. The system of apartheid divided the people and 3 DP Ch
labelled them on the basis of their skin colour. 2
The native people of South Africa are black in co DP Ch Pg No-
2 19
ii. Pg No-19 lour. The made up about three-fourth of
the population and were called ‘blacks’.
iii. Besides these two groups, there were people of
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 mixed races who were called ‘coloured’ and people
who migrated from India. The white rulers treated
all nonwhites as inferiors. The non-whites did not
have voting rights
29 Human resource is different in the following ways : 3 H-Ch-2
i. Land and other resources are specified, fixed or Pg.
limited but human resources can be nurtured
through education and health.
ii. Human resource can bring change in other
resources, while other resources cannot change or
affect human resource.
iii. Human resource can make use of land and capital.
Land and capital cannot become useful on its own.
(Any other relevant points)

30 River is used for various economics activities which 5 Geog.

shows that it has a great value in the economic Ch-3,
development of a nation. Such as: pg-23
1. River provide water the basic natural resource
essential for various human activity
2. The bank of the river have always attracted shelter
from ancient time these settlement are now big
cities. For example- Ganga Ganga Plains are highly
populated.
3. Water are used for irrigation, navigation,
hydroelectric power generation is of special
significance.
4. Rivers are very significant for countries like India
were agriculture is the livelihood of the majority of
the population.
5. It also maintains the aquatic life.
OR
Human activities are the main causes of river pollution.
Such as:
1. Domestic Municipal Industrial and Agriculture
waste this effect the quality of water.
2. Large amount of untreated sewage are dumped 3+2
into the rivers.
3. Using population by urbanization and
industrialisation also contribute the river
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 pollution which has increased to the very high
level.
The various measures that can prevent river pollution are:
1. Treatment of Industrial and urban waste before
it is jumped into the river.
2. Sensitizing the people about pollution of river
and difficulties in cleaning water.
Various action plans like Ganga action plan to
clean up river Ganga.
(or any relevant poins)

31 i. All the political parties including the Russian social 5 H- Ch-2

democratic workers party wars declared illegal. Pg. 32
ii. Some Russian socialists felt that peasants were the
main force of revolution as the Russian peasants
custom of dividing land made them natural
socialists
iii. Socialist revolutionary party struggled for peasants
rights and demanded that land belonging to nobles
be transferred to peasants. Social democrats
disagreed with the revolutionaries.
iv. Lenin felt peasants were not a united group as some
were poor and others rich so they could not all be a
part of the socialist movement.
v. There was a difference of opinion between
Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. Bolsheviks thought
that the party should control the number and quality H- Ch-2
of its members where as Mensheviks thought the Pg. 31
party should be open to all.
OR
Following were the economic and social conditions :
i. About 85% of the Russian population was engaged
in agriculture. This proportion was very high as
compared to other European countries.In the
Russian empire, cultivators produced for the market
as well as for their own needs and Russia was a
major exporter of grain.
ii. Industry was found in pockets specially in
Petersburg and Moscow. Craftsmen undertook
much of the production, but large factories existed
alongside craft workshops.
Coal production increased, iron and steel output

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 increased multifold.
iii. Most industry was the private property of
industrialists. Government supervised large
factories to ensure minimum wages and limited
hours but the factory inspectors could not prevent
rules being broken.
iv. Russian society had workers and peasants, workers
were a divided social groups. Some had strong
links with the villages from which they came .
Others had settled in cities permanently.
v. In the county side, peasants cultivated most of the
land but the nobility, the crown and the orthodox
Church owned large properties.

32 i.
Candidates and parties with a lot of money may not 5 DP Ch
be sure of their victory but they do enjoy a big and 3
unfair advantage over smaller parties and Pg No-
independents. 51
ii. In some parts of the country, candidates with
criminal connection have been able to push others
out of the electoral race and to secure a ‘ticket’
from major parties.
iii. Some families tend to dominate political parties;
tickets are distributed to relatives from these
families.
iv. Very often elections offer little choice to ordinary DP Ch
citizens, for both the major parties are quite similar 3
to each other both in policies and practice. Pg No-
v. Smaller parties and independent candidates suffer a 50
huge disadvantage compared to bigger parties
Or
i. The ruling parties routinely lose elections in India
both at the national and state level.
ii. In fact in every two out of the three elections held
in the last 25 years, the ruling party lost.
iii. In India about half of the sitting MPs or MLAs lose
elections.
iv. Candidates who are known to have spent a lot of
money on ‘buying votes’ and those with known
criminal connections often lose elections.
Barring very few disputed elections, the electoral
outcomes are usually accepted as ‘people’s verdict’ by the

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 defeated party
33 Education helps in the human capital formation in the 5 ECO-
following ways : CH-
a) Investment in education of human resource results 2 :Pg-
in the formation of human capital 20,21
b) Education is one of the main factors of economic
and social development.
c) Education helps in increasing the mental horizon of
the people, and is a must to develop human
personality
d) Education helps in the development of science and
technology.
e) Education encourages economic development
through greater participation of the people in the
affairs of the country.
f) Education increases the efficiency of the workers.
g) It enhances the national income, cultural richness
and increases the efficiency of governance.
(Or)
Unemployment exists when people who are willing to
work at the going wages cannot find jobs. In India the
workforce population includes people from 15 to 59 ECO-
years. Therefore if people below 15 years and above 59 Ch-2
years do not have a job, they cannot be called Pg.
unemployed. 24,25.
Rural unemployment is of two types disguised
unemployment and seasonal unemployment.
Disguised unemployment :
a) It is a type of unemployment under wgich people
appear to be employed, but actually they are not.
b) It is mostly found in agriculture.
c) It is mainly found in rural areas.
Seasonal Unemployment :
a) It is a type of unemployment under which workers
are employed only for a particular season.
b) It is mostly found in agro based industries.
It is found both in rural as well as urban
34 34.1.1804 1

34.2. The Revolutionary ideas of liberty and modern laws. 1

34.3.The protection of private property and a uniform
system of weights and measures provided by the decimal

PA-II / SOCIAL SCIENCE / STD. IX Page 23 of

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 system.
2

35 35.1. Chambal River. 1 Geog.

35.2. Chotanagpur Plateau. 1 Ch-1, 2
35.3. Plateau id composed of old crystalline, igneous and 2 & 3 pg-
metamorphic rock. 5, 9 &
It is the oldest landmass. And it has broad and shallow 19
valleys and rounded hills.
36 36.1. There are four requirements for production of goods 1 ECO-
and services. i.The first requirements is land, and other Ch-1
natural resources such as water, forests, minerals. ii.The
second requirement is labour, i.e people who will do the 1
work. iii. The third requirement is physical capital, i.e the
variety of inputs required at every stage during
production. (Any one) 2
36.2. Entrepreneur
36.3. i. Tools,equipments, and structures can be used for
long-term production
ii. Raw materials

37 Map skill
A 2 H-Ch-2:
Pg. 33

B- Germany

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B. a. Aravali Range 3 Geo-ch-
b. Deheradun Pg.
c. The largest fresh water lake of India is Wular Lake

c.
Wula
r
b. Deheradun
b. Aravali

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