el;G rpije;J Nghjy; :

 ehq;fs; NtW cyfk; NghfpNwhk; vd;W xUehs; mtd;


GJf;ftpij %yk; gphpit czh;j;jpaik.
ajhh; j ; j khf thog; g ofpf; n fhs; vd mwpTiu
jkpo; ,yf;fpa eak;
$wpaNjhL fijnrhy;ypNa jtwpioj;jjhf $wpaik.
ehq; f s; Ngha; tUfpNwhk; vd vy; N yhUk; juk; 11
fijnrhy;ypia tpl;Lg;Gwg;gl;lik.

08) fijnrhy;yp kfpo;ej

; pUe;j re;jh;g;gq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
 rpWtajpy; ez;gh;fSld; Nrh;e;J tpisahLk; NghJ
kfpoe;jJ. fs;sd;-nghyp]; tpisahl;L> Nghis
mbj;jy;> Nfhapy; fl;b NjhpOj;jy;> ,ye;ijg;gok;
nghWf;Fjy;> gps;isahh; ge;J vwpjy;.
 fly; fle;J nrd;W ez;gd; xUtidg; ngw;wjdhy;
fpilj;j kfpo;r;rp. ehd; kpf kfpo;;r;rpahf ,Ue;Njd;.
jPT kdpjd;
vdf;nfd;W jdpj;jPT ,dpj;Njitapy;iy. ntspNa
kdpjh;fs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fSld; ehd; Nrh;e;J
nfhs;Ntd;.
 FLk;gk; xd;Wld; Nrh;e;J goFk; NghJ fpilj;j
kfpo;r;rp. vg;NghjhtJ ahuhtJ vd;dplk; cdf;nfd
nrhe;jq;fs; Ntz;lhkh vdf;Nfl;lhy; rphpg;G tUk;.

08) ,f;fijapd; nkhopeil> fij vLj;Jiug;G Kiw gw;wp tpsf;Ff.

nkhopeil :
 vspikahd nkhopeiliaf; ifahz;Ls;shh;.
 rpW rpW thf;fpaq;fs; ifahsg;gl;bUf;fpd;wik.
 czh;r;rpfis ntspg;gLj;Jk; czh;TG+h;tkhd eil.
 Njitahd ,lq;fspy; vs;sy;.
 ftuf;$ba th;zizg; gpuNahfk;.

vLj;Jiug;G Kiw :
 ajhh;j;jkhf vLj;Jf;$Wfpd;w Kiw. K`k;kl; rg;hp B.A (Hons),SLPS
 Fiwe;jsT ghj;jpuq;fSldhd rpj;jhpg;G>
 rk;gtq;fis nghUj;jkhf Nfhh;j;J nry;Yk; Kiw.
 jd;dpiyapy; fijAiuj;J nry;yy;. Guide Institute - Sainthamaruthu / EKC - Kalmunaikudy
 FwpaPl;L ghq;Fld; fij efh;jy;. MRC - Maligaikaadu / Star College - Kalmunaikudy

07
ghh;jj
; Pgd; :  FQ;Rfs; jq;fs; ghl;by; xNu fug;Gf;Fs; jhd; ,Ue;jd
vd; g J %yk; FQ; R fshfg; gps; i sfshff;
 aho; g ; g hzj; i jg; gpwg; g plkhff; nfhz; l ,th; 1984y; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
,yq;ifapypUe;J N[h;kdpf;F Gyk; ngah;e;jhh;. jw;NghJk;  vdf; F s; vOk; Nfs; t p me; j rpd; d f; F Q; R fis
N[h;kdpapy; trpj;J tUfpwhh;. ,e;epiyik ghjpf;fhjh vd;gJjhd;. ghjpj;jJ %yk;
 Gyk;ngah; ,yf;fpag;Gyj;jpy; Kf;fpa MSikfspy; xUtuhf
jhq;fs;> gps;isfs; ghjpf;fg;gl;lepfo;itf; $Wfpwhh;.
tpsq;Ffpwhh;. ,th; J}z;by; vd;w KjyhtJ Gyk;ngah; jkpo;
rQ;rpifapid ntspapl;lhh;.
 ,tuJ gilg;Gf;fshf> 06) fijnrhy; yp Kjypy; xU jP it mikj; J f; n fhs;s fhuzkhd
ehty; : tpj;jpahrg;gLk; tpj;jpahrq;fs;> ghjp cwT> Mz;fs; rk;gtk; ahJ?
tpw;gidf;F> fdit kpjpj;jtd;> ngz;  fijnrhy; y p mg; N ghJ rpd; d g; g ps; i s. jd; i dg;
rpWfijfs; : ep[q;fs;> [ddk;> jPT kdpjd;> gdp nga;Ak; Nghd;w ez;gh;fNshL Nrh;eJ ; tpisahl> ez;gh;fspd;
fhyk;> mk;kh ghtk;> xU ehs;> grp> Nkw;fpd; xU gf;fk;> J}s ngw;Nwhh; Muk;gj;jpy; md;G fhl;b cgrhpj;jdh;.
 gpd;dh; fijnrhy;ypapd; Vf;fj;ij Ntbf;if ghh;f;fj;
01) jPT kdpjd; rpWfijapd; fUg;nghUs; ahJ? njhlq;fpdh;. FLk;gj;ij ,opTgLj;jp fij nrhy;yp
 Ntfkhfr; Roy; f pd; w ,d; i wa cyfk; jdpkdpj rphpj;jdh;.
tpUg;gk;> Njitfis czuj;jtwptpl;lJ. murpay;>  fijnrhy;ypaplk; fij gpLq;fp> jq;fSf;F jPdp Njl
nghUshjhu> r%ff;$Wfs; mtid jdpj;J miya Muk;gpj;jdh;. ,e;epiyapy; kdk; rpije;j fij nrhy;yp
tpLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l xU kdpjdpd; jdf;nfd xU cyif mikj;Jf;nfhs;s Kad;whh;.
czh;Nt ,f;fijapd; fUg;nghUshFk;.

02) fij nrhy;ypapd; jPT vJ? mj;jPtpy; fij nrhy;ypAld; cldpUf;Fk; 07) fly; fle;J nrd;w epiyapy; fijnrhy;ypf;F fpilj;j ez;gd; gw;wpa
nghUl;fs; ahit? rpj;jhpg;Gk;> me;el;G rpije;J NghjYk; vt;thW $w;gLfpwJ?
 ehd;F gf;fKk; Rth;fshy; #og;gl;l jPT (xU miw) ez;gd; gw;wpa rpj;jphpg;G :
 xU Gj;jf mYkhhp> xU frw;nwf;Nfhlh;> xU nrw;wp>  jw; n rayhf re; j pj; j J. mtdpd; ftpijfNshL>
xU ad;dy; mtidAk; fijnrhy;ypf;Fg; gpbj;J NghdJ. ,tUk;
rPf;fpuj;jpy; neUf;fkhdhh;fs;.
03) fij nrhy;ypf;F gpbj;j epwk; ahJ?  ,UtUk; xd;W Nrh;e;J jhq;fs; tpUk;gpa cyifAk;>
 ePy epwk;. mjdhy; jhd; jPtpd; Rth;fis ePykhf;fp kdpjh;fisAk; vOj;jpdhy; nra;jJ. Gjpa cyfk;
itj;jpUg;gNjhL> jiuf;Fk; ePyk; tphpj;jpUj;jy;> ehd;F xd;wpw;F nrd;W tho;tjhf cWjpnaLj;jJ.
Nrl;L ePyf;fyhpy; itj;jpUj;jy;.  ,UtUk; xd; w hff; fdT fz; l ik> xd; w hf
vOjpaik> gpd; d h; mtd; jdf; n fhU Jiz
04) frw; nwf;Nfhlhpy; fij nrhy;yp ahhpDila> vg;ghliyf; Nfl;Lf;
Njbf; n fhz; l ik> mth; f Sf; n fd; W gpwe; j
nfhz;bUe;jhd;?
Foe;ijAld; fijnrhy;yp kfpo;thf ,Ue;jik> ngah;
 k`hftpapd; “rpWez;L kzy; kPJ glk; xd;W fPWk;”
vd;w ghly;. $wKbah msTf;F ,dpikahd cwthf ,Ue;jik.

01 06
04) mOif> rphpg;G gw;wpa fijnrhy;ypapd; ghh;itfis tpsf;Ff. 05) rpWtajpy; jd;idg; Nghd;w ez;gh;fNshL fijnrhy;yp tpisahba
mOif : tpisahl;Lf;fs; vit?
 vdJ jPtpy; ehd; kl;Lk; jhd; mONtd;. ,j;jPtpy;  fs; s d;- nghyp]; tpisahl; L> Nghis mbj; j y; >
,Uf;fpd;w NghJjhd; mbf;fb mOif tUfpwJ.
Rje;jpukhf mONtd;. Nfhapy; fl; b NjhpOj; j y; > ,ye; i jg; g ok;
 mOtjhy; xd; W k; elf; f hJ vd; g J vdf; F j; nghWf;Fjy;> gps;isahh; ge;J vwpjy;.
njhpahjjy;y. mOtJ vdf;Fg; gpbf;fhJ. mOif
vd; tpUg;gj;ij tprhhpj;Jf;nfhz;lh tUfpwJ. jhdhf 06) “vq; f s; Njhl; l g; g apiu kl; L k; nts; s hL Nka; e ; j jhf
tUfpwJ. fijase;jhh;fs;. vq;fs; Njhl;lj;jpw;F kl;Lk; Ntypapy;iynad;W
 rpy kdpjg; gpwtpfSf;F Kd; mof;$lhJ vdf;F Vd; nrhy;ypr; rphpj;jhh;fs;” ,t;thpfs; czh;jJ
; k; cl;nghUs; ahJ?
mOif tUfpwJ. mOif tu tha;tpl;L mONjd;.  fijnrhy;ypapd; FLk;gk; Nrhuk; Nghdik gw;wpaJ
njhlh;e;J mONjd;.
 fz; f s; fd; d q; f is <ukhf; f pdhYk; 07) fijnrhy;yp nra;j Ntiy tpguj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
ntg;gkhapUe;jJ. Vd; fz;zPh; njhlh;e;J tUfpwJ.
gpwNfd; ehd; mo Ntz;Lk;.  jfuq;fisAk;> ,Uk;Gj;J}z;fisAk; xU ehspy; gj;J
kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;F Rkf;Fk; Ntiy.
rphpg;G :
 ntspNa NghfpwNghnjy;yhk; mzpe;J nry;fpd;w 08) fij nrhy;ypapd; gytPdk; vdf;$wg;gLtJ ahJ? fhuzk; vd;d?
rphpg; G. fhaq;fs; tpiutpy; fha;e; J tpLtjpy;i y.  kdpjh;fNshL cwTfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ.
mtw; i w %Ltjw; f hf rphpg; G r; n ra; J mzpe; J  rpwpatdhf ,Uf;Fk; fhyj;jpy; cwTfs; fpilf;fhj
nfhz;Nld;. fhuzj;jpdhyhFk;.
 ntspNa Nghifapy; vdJ rphpg;ig vLj;J mzpe;J
nfhz; N ld; . jpUk; g rphpg; i g mzpe; J nfhs; s
09) Nghl;Nlh my;gk; fijnrhy;ypf;F Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fk; ahJ?
Ntz;Lk;.
 Nghl;Nlhtpy; fijnrhy;ypia jpUk;g jPTf;F mDg;gp
05) jdJ FLk;gk; rpije;J Nghdij fijnrhy;yp $Wk; tpjk;. itj;jth;fs;> ajhh;j;jk; tpsf;fpath;fs; ,Ue;jhh;fs;.
 fijnrhy;yp 35 tUlq;fSf;F Kd; ele;j epfo;tpd; Nghl; N lhtpy; ,Ue; N jhh; fijnrhy; y papd;
Clhf jd; FLk; g k; rpije; J Nghd fijia jiykapiu gpbj; J ,Oj; j hh; f s; > Njhs; k PJ
$Wfpd;whh;. Vwpdhh;fs;> J}f;fr;nrhy;yp iffis ePlb
; dhh;fs;> fij
 vq; f s; tPl; L NrtYf; F k; Ngl; L f; F k; vg; N ghJ nrhy;ypiaj; Njbdhh;fs;.
rz; i l Muk; g pj; j J vd; W Qhgfkpy; i y. ehd;
mtjhdpj; j ehspypUe; J mit xd; i wnahd; W 10) jPTf;F ntspNa fijnrhy;ypf;F MWjy; jUk; ,aw;if mk;rq;fs;
ch;nud;W Kfj;ij jpUg;gp itj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd.
vit?
 ,q; F je; i jia NrtyhfTk; > jhia NglhfTk;
cUtfpj; J mth; f spd; njhlh; rz; i liaf;  eP y thdk; > gue; j Mfhak; > mjd; eP y epwk; > gQ; R
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. gQ;rhfg; NghFk; Nkfq;fs;> nts;is Nkfq;fs;

05 02
01) fijapd; njhlf;fg;gFjp gw;wpa ckJ mgpg;gpuhaj;ij tpsf;Ff.  tPLfs;> kuq;fSf;F mg;ghy; NkNy cauj;jpy; thdk;.
 ,r;rpWfijapd; Muk;gg;gFjp cwitg; gw;wp Fwpj;J mjd; ePy epwk; gpbg;gjhy; jhd; Rth;fis ePykhf;fp
nry;tNjhL ehd;F gf;fKk; Rth;fshy; #og;gl;l itj;jpUf;fpNwd;. ,j;jPtpy; mbf;fb mOif tUfpwJ.
jdpikahd tho;f;ifiaf; fhl;b epw;fpwJ. ntspNa NghFk; Nghnjy;yhk; mzpe;J nry;Yk;
 vdJ jPT ehd;F gf;fKk; Rth;fshy; #og;gl;lJ. ,e;j rphpg; i g fol; b tpl; L Rje; j pukhf mONtd; .
ad;dYf;F ,J njhpAk;.
jP tpy; vd;Dld; Nrh;e;J cldpUe;jit xU Gj;jf  ,Jtiuapy; vdJ jP T jhd; ,lk;khwpapUf;fpwJ.
mYkhhp> xU frw; nwf;Nfhlh;> xU nrw;wp> xU ad;dy; jP t py; vJTk; khwtpy; i y. vd; d hy; ,q; f pUe; J
kl;Le;jhd; vdf; $wg;gLfpwJ. epue;jukhf ntspNa Nghf Kbatpy;iy. vt;tsTjhd;
 gioa rhkhd; f s; Nghl; L itj; j pUe; j rpd; d Kaw;rpj;jhYk; vdJ jPtpw;Nf vd;id kWgb jpUg;gp
miwf;Fs; vdJ fl;biyg; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;Nld;. mDg;Gfpwhh;fs;.
fjitr; rhj;jpNdd;. ,uz;L ad;dy;fspy; xd;iwg;  Nkw; $wg; g l;l thW FLk; g tphpriyAk; mjdhy;
G+l;b xd;iwj; jpwe;J itj;N jd;. vdJ jPT jahh; gps;isfs; jdpikapy; Jizaw;W ,Ue;j epfo;itAk;
vdf;$WtJk;> $WtjhYk; ,r;rpWfijf;F jPT kdpjd; vd;w jiyg;G
 md;udpf;Fk;> tj;ryhTf;Fk; vjph;tP l;L rpwP iaAk;> nghUj;jkhdjhFk;.
kQ;RshitAk; fz;lhy; gak;> rhe;jp tpUk;gpajhy;
jahgud; jpyf;ridAk; $l;bf;nfhz;L fdlh Ngha; 03) fij nrhy;ypapd; jdpikia ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kiwia tpsf;Ff.
tpl;lhd;> rghuj;jpdKk;> fdNfRthpAk; xUtNuhL  vdJ jPT ehd;F gf;fKk; Rth;fshy; #og;gl;lJ. ,e;j
jP tpy; vd;Dld; Nrh;e;J cldpUe;jit xU Gj;jf
xUth; Ngrpf;nfhs;tjpy;iy.
mYkhhp> xU frw; nwf;Nfhlh;> xU nrw;wp> xU ad;dy;
 vdf; $ Wfpd; w $w; W f; f s; vy; y hk; cwTfSf; F k; kl;Le;jhd; vdf; $wg;gLfpwJ.
jdf;Fk; ePz;l ,ilntsp ,Ug;gijAk;> rpyh; J}u  vdf;F thdk; gpbf;Fk;> mjd; ePyk; gpbf;Fk;> gQ;R
Njrk; nrd;Wtpl;ldh; vd;gijAk;>neUq;fpa cwTfs; gQ; r hfg; NghFk; Nkfq; f s; gpbf; F k; . vdf; F k;
vd; W ahUkpy; i y vdf; $ WtJk; jdpikg; g l; l mtw;Wf;Fk; ePz;l J}uk; ve;j neUf;fNkh> cwNth
tho;f;ifiaAk; ntspg;gLj;jp epw;fpwJ. ,y;iy. vdpDk; mtw;iwg; gpbf;Fk;.
 vdJ jPtpy; kl;Lk;jhd; mONtd;. ,j;jPtpy; mbf;fb
02) jP T kdpjd; vd; w fijj; jiyg; g pd; nghUj; j g; g hl; i l mOif tUfpwJ. ntspNa NghFk; Nghnjy;yhk;
epahag;gLj;Jf. mzpe;J nry;Yk; rphpg;ig fol;btpl;L Rje;jpukhf
 ehd;F gf;fKk; flyhy; #og;gl;l epyg;gug;igj; jPT mONtd;. ad;dYf;F ,J tbthfj; njhpAk;.
vd;Nghk;. mJNghy ehw;GwKk; ePy tz;zk; G+rpa  ,Jtiuapy; vdJ jP T jhd; ,lk;khwpapUf;fpwJ.
Rth; f Sf; f pilNa tho; j iy ctikA+lhf jP t py; vJTk; khwtpy; i y. vd; d hy; ,q; f pUe; J
xg;gpl;Lf;fhl;b jdpik tho;it ntspg;gLj;Jtjhy; epue;jukhf ntspNa Nghf Kbatpy;iy. vt;tsTjhd;
Kaw;rpj;jhYk; vdJ jPtpw;Nf vd;id kWgb jpUg;gp
jiyg;G nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. mDg;Gfpwhh;fs;.
 neUq;fpa cwTfNsh ,y;iy. rpyh; J}u Njrk; nrd;W  Nkw; $wg; g l;l thW FLk; g tphpriyAk; mjdhy;
FbNawp tpl;lhh;fs;. ,Uf;Fk; cwTfSld; ePz;l gps;isfs; jdpikapy; Jizaw;W ,Ue;j epfo;itAk;
,ilntsp MfNt> jdpikg;g Lj;j g;g l;L ehd;F $WtjhYk; ,r;rpWfijf;F jPT kdpjd; vd;w jiyg;G
ePytz;z Rth;fSf;fpilNa thOfpwhd;. nghUj;jkhdjhFk;.
03 04