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 Chapter 02: Social, Cultural, and Religious Influences on Child

Health Promotion
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Children are taught the values of their culture through

observation and feedback, relative to their own behavior. In
teaching a class on cultural competence, the nurse should
be aware that which of the following factors may be culturally
determined?
a. Ethnicity
b. Racial variation
c. Status
d. Geographic boundaries
ANS: C
Status is culturally determined and varies according to each culture.

Some cultures ascribe higher status to age or socioeconomic
position. Social roles also are influenced by the culture. Ethnicity is
an affiliation of a set of persons who share a unique cultural, social,
and linguistic heritage. It is one component of culture. Race and
culture are two distinct attributes. Racial grouping describes
transmissible traits, whereas culture is determined by the pattern of
assumptions, beliefs, and practices that unconsciously frames or
guides the outlook and decisions of a group of people. Cultural
development may be limited by geographic boundaries, but the
boundaries are not culturally determined.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 21
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
2. When minority groups immigrate to another country, a

certain degree of cultural and ethnic blending occurs through
the involuntary process of:
a. acculturation.
b. ethnocentrism.
c. cultural shock.
d. cultural sensitivity.
ANS: A
Acculturation is the gradual changes that are produced in a culture by

the influence of another culture that cause one or both cultures to
become more similar. The minority culture is forced to learn the
majority culture to survive. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s way
of living and behaving is the best way. This includes the emotional
attitude that the values, beliefs, and perceptions of one’s ethnic group
are superior to those of others. Cultural shock is the helpless feeling
and state of disorientation felt by an outsider attempting to adapt to a
different culture group. Ethnocentrism and cultural shock would limit
the amount of blending that would occur. Cultural sensitivity, a
component of culturally competent care, is an awareness of cultural
similarities and differences.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 23
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs:

Psychosocial Integrity
3. Which of the following terms best describes the emotional

attitude that one’s own ethnic group is superior to others?
a. Culture
b. Ethnicity
c. Superiority
d. Ethnocentrism
ANS: D
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s way of living and behaving is
the best way. This includes the emotional attitude that the values,
beliefs, and perceptions of one’s ethnic group are superior to those of
others. Culture is a pattern of assumptions, beliefs, and practices that
unconsciously frames or guides the outlook and decisions of a group
of people. A culture is composed of individuals who share a set of
values, beliefs, and practices that serve as a frame of reference for
individual perception and judgments. Ethnicity is an affiliation of a set
of persons who share a unique cultural, social, and linguistic heritage.
Superiority is the state or quality of being superior; it does not apply
to ethnicity.

4. After the family, which of the following is likely to have the

greatest influence on providing continuity between
generations?
a. Race
b. Schools
c. Social class
d. Government
ANS: B
The schools convey a tremendous amount of culture from the older
members to the younger members of society. They prepare children
to carry out the traditional social roles that will be expected of them
as adults. Race is defined as a division of mankind possessing traits
that are transmissible by descent and are sufficient to characterize it
as a distinct human type; although race may have an influence on
childrearing practices, its role is not as significant as that of schools.
Social class refers to the family’s economic and educational levels.
The social class of a family may change between generations. The
government establishes parameters for children, including amount of
schooling, but this is usually at a local level. The school culture has
the significant influence on continuity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 25

5. The nurse observes that families from certain minority

cultural groups often miss or are late for scheduled clinic
appointments. The best explanation for this is that certain
cultural groups often differ from the dominant culture
because they:
a. lack education.
b. avoid health care.
c. are more forgetful.
d. view time differently.

ANS: D
Each cultural group has different conceptions of time and waiting.

The dominant culture in the United States has a fairly rigid view of
time. Persons from other cultures may be late or miss activities
because other issues take precedence over the appointment.
Education is not the issue, nor is avoidance of health care. The family
usually believes that the appointment can be made for a later time.
The family does not forget the time, but other issues take priority.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 30

6. The Asian parent of a child being seen in the clinic avoids

eye contact with the nurse. The best explanation for this,
considering cultural differences, is that the parent:
a. feels inferior to nurse.
b. is showing respect for nurse.
c. is embarrassed to seek health care.
d. feels responsible for her child’s illness.
ANS: B
In some ethnic groups, eye contact is avoided. In the Vietnamese

culture an individual may not look directly into the nurse’s eyes as a
sign of respect. The nurse providing culturally competent care would
recognize that the other answers listed are not why the parent avoids
eye contact with the nurse.

7. The nurse is planning care for a patient with a different

ethnic background. Which of the following would be an
appropriate goal?
a. Adapt, as necessary, ethnic practices to health needs.
b. Attempt, in a nonjudgmental way, to change ethnic beliefs.
c. Encourage continuation of ethnic practices in the hospital setting.
d. Strive to keep ethnic background from influencing health needs.
ANS: A
Whenever possible, nurses should facilitate the integration of ethnic

practices into health care provision. The ethnic background is part of
the individual; it would be difficult to eliminate the influence of ethnic
background. The ethnic practices need to be evaluated within the
context of the health care setting to determine whether they are
conflicting.

8. The nurse discovers welts on the back of a Vietnamese child

during a home health visit. The child’s mother says she has
rubbed the edge of a coin on her child’s oiled skin. The nurse
should recognize this is which of the following?
a. Child abuse
b. Cultural practice to rid the body of disease
c. Cultural practice to treat enuresis or temper tantrums
d. Child discipline measure common in the Vietnamese culture
ANS: B
This is descriptive of coining. The welts are created by repeatedly

rubbing a coin on the child’s oiled skin. The mother is attempting to
rid the child’s body of disease. Coining is a cultural healing practice.
Coining is not specific for enuresis or temper tantrums. This is not
child abuse or discipline.

9. A Hispanic toddler has pneumonia. The nurse notices that
the parent consistently feeds the child only the broth that
comes on the clear liquid tray. Food items, such as Jell-O,
Popsicles, and juices, are left. Which of the following would
best explain this?
a. Parent is trying to feed child only what child likes most.
b. Hispanics believe the “evil eye” enters when a person gets cold.
c. Parent is trying to restore normal balance through appropriate “hot” remedies.
d. Hispanics believe an innate energy called chi is strengthened by eating soup.
ANS: C
In several cultures, including Filipino, Chinese, Arabic, and

Hispanic, hot and colddescribe certain properties completely
unrelated to temperature. Respiratory conditions such as pneumonia
are “cold” conditions and are treated with “hot” foods. The child may
like broth but is unlikely to always prefer it to Jell-O, Popsicles, and
juice. The evil eye applies to a state of imbalance of health, not
curative actions. Chinese individuals, not Hispanic individuals,
believe in chi as an innate energy.

10. The nurse recognizes that some genetic diseases are more
prevalent in certain groups and geographic areas. Which of
the following disorders is more likely to be identified in
individuals of Mediterranean descent?
a. Phenylketonuria
b. Cystic fibrosis
c. G6PD deficiency
d. Sickle cell anemia
ANS: C
Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is more

commonly found in individuals of Mediterranean descent.
Phenylketonuria is more prevalent in individuals of northern
European origin. Cystic fibrosis is more prevalent in individuals from
England and Scotland. Sickle cell anemia is more prevalent in
individuals of African descent.

11. Which one of the following communicable diseases is more

prevalent in certain ethnic groups, such as Vietnamese
immigrants?
a. Tuberculosis
b. Rubeola
c. Varicella
d. Pertussis
ANS: A
Tuberculosis is a more prevalent communicable disease among

certain ethnic groups such Vietnamese immigrants, Native Americans
of the Southwest, and Mexican-Americans. Rubeola is a common
communicable disease with a geographic constraint. Varicella and
pertussis do not have ethnic prevalence.

MULTIPLE RESPONSE
12. The nurse is presenting a staff development program about

cultural competency in the health care setting. Which of the
following components should the nurse include in the
program? Select all that apply.
a. Cultural awareness
b. Cultural knowledge
c. Cultural skills
d. Cultural research
e. Cultural desire
f. Cultural bias
ANS: A, B, C, E
Five components that should be discussed in a program about

cultural competency include awareness (the nurse appreciates and is
sensitive to the family’s cultural values), knowledge (formal and
informal education about different cultures, beliefs, and perceptions
about health and wellness), skills (the ability to include cultural data in
the nursing process), and desire (the genuine motivation to work
effectively with minority patients). Cultural research and cultural bias
are not components of cultural competency.
Hockenberry: Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children,

9th Edition
Chapter 14: Health Promotion of the Toddler and Family
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
13. Which one of the following factors is most important in

predisposing toddlers to frequent infections?
a. Respirations are abdominal.
b. Pulse and respiratory rates in toddlers are slower than those in infancy.
c. Defense mechanisms are less efficient than those during infancy.
d. Toddlers have a short, straight internal ear canal and large lymph tissue.
ANS: D
Toddlers continue to have the short, straight internal ear canal of

infants. The lymphoid tissue of the tonsils and adenoids continues to
be relatively large. These two anatomic conditions combine to
predispose the toddler to frequent infections. The abdominal
respirations and lowered pulse and respiratory rate of toddlers do not
affect their susceptibility to infection. The defense mechanisms are
more efficient compared with those of infancy.
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk

Potential
2. The psychosocial developmental tasks of toddlerhood

include which of the following?
a. Development of a conscience
b. Recognition of sex differences
c. Ability to get along with age-mates
d. Ability to delay gratification
ANS: D
If the need for basic trust has been satisfied, then toddlers can give
up dependence for control, independence, and autonomy. One of the
tasks that the toddler is concerned with is the ability to delay
gratification. Development of a conscience and recognition of sex
differences occur during the preschool years. The ability to get along
with age-mates develops during the preschool and school-age years.

3. The developmental task with which the child of 15 to 30
months is likely to be struggling is a sense of what?
a. Trust
b. Initiative
c. Intimacy
d. Autonomy
ANS: D
Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the developmental task of

toddlers. Trust versus mistrust is the developmental stage of infancy.
Initiative versus guilt is the developmental stage of early childhood.
Intimacy and solidarity versus isolation is the developmental stage of
early adulthood.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 583

Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. A parent of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says

“no” to everything and has rapid mood swings. If he is
scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be
held. The nurse’s best interpretation of this behavior is which
of the following?
a. This is normal behavior for his age.
b. This is unusual behavior for his age.
c. He is not effectively coping with stress.
d. He is showing he needs more attention.
ANS: A
Toddlers use distinct behaviors in the quest for autonomy. They

express their will with continued negativity and use of the word “no.”
Children at this age also have rapid mood swings. The nurse should
reassure the parents that their child is engaged in expected behavior
for an 18-month-old.
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. A 17-month-old child would be expected to be in what stage,

according to Piaget?
a. Preoperations
b. Concrete operations
c. Tertiary circular reaction
d. Secondary circular reaction
ANS: C
The 17-month-old is in the fifth stage of the sensorimotor phase,

tertiary circular reactions. The child uses active experimentation to
achieve previously unattainable goals. Preoperations is the stage of
cognitive development usually present in older toddlers and
preschoolers. Concrete operations is the cognitive stage associated
with the school-age child. Secondary circular reaction stage lasts
from about ages 4 to 8 months.

6. Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an

electrical outlet recently, her parent finds her about to place
a paper clip in another outlet. Which of the following is the
best interpretation of this behavior?
a. Her cognitive development is delayed.
b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are not very developed.
c. This is typical behavior because of inability to transfer knowledge to new situations.

d. This is not typical behavior because toddlers should know better than to repeat an act that caused pain
ANS: C
During the tertiary circular reactions stage, children have only a

rudimentary sense of the classification of objects. The appearance of
an object denotes its function for these children. The slot of an outlet
is for putting things into. This is typical behavior for a toddler, who is
only somewhat aware of a causal relation between events. Her
cognitive development is appropriate for her age.

7. A toddler, age 16 months, falls down a few stairs. He gets up

and “scolds” the stairs as if they caused him to fall. This is an
example of which of the following?
a. Animism
b. Ritualism
c. Irreversibility
d. Delayed cognitive development

ANS: A
Animism is the attribution of lifelike qualities to inanimate objects. By

scolding the stairs, the toddler is attributing human characteristics to
them. Ritualism is the need to maintain the sameness and reliability.
It provides a sense of comfort to the toddler. Irreversibility is the
inability to reverse or undo actions initiated physically. He is acting in
an age-appropriate manner.

8. Which of the following is a characteristic of a toddler’s

language development at age 18 months?
a. Vocabulary of 25 words
b. Use of holophrases
c. Increasing level of comprehension
d. Approximately one third of speech understandable
ANS: C
During the second year of life the comprehension and understanding

of speech increase to a level far greater than the child’s vocabulary.
This is also true for bilingual children, who are able to achieve this
linguistic milestone in both languages. The 18-month-old has a
vocabulary of approximately 10 words. At this age the child does not
use the one-word sentences that are characteristic of 1-year-olds.
The child has a very limited vocabulary of single words that are
comprehensible.

9. Which of the following characteristics best describes the

gross motor skills of a 24-month-old child?
a. Skips
b. Broad jumps
c. Rides tricycle
d. Walks up and down stairs
ANS: D
The 24-month-old child can go up and down stairs alone with two feet
on each step. Skipping and broad jumping are skills acquired at age
3. Tricycle riding is achieved at age 4.

10. Which of the following developmental characteristics does
not occur until a child reaches age 2 1/2 years?
a. Birth weight has doubled.
b. Anterior fontanel is open.
c. Primary dentition is complete.
d. Binocularity may be established.
ANS: C
Usually by age 30 months the primary dentition of 20 teeth is

complete. Birth weight doubles at approximately ages 5 to 6 months.
The anterior fontanel closes at ages 12 to 18 months. Binocularity is
established by age 15 months.

11. Which of the following statements is correct about toilet

training?
a. Bladder training is usually accomplished before bowel training.

b. Wanting to please the parent helps motivate the child to use the toilet.
c. Watching older siblings use the toilet confuses the child.
d. Children must be forced to sit on the toilet when first learning.
ANS: B
Voluntary control of the anal and urethral sphincters is achieved

sometime after the child is walking. The child must be able to
recognize the urge to let go and to hold on. The child must want to
please parent by holding on rather than pleasing self by letting go.
Bowel training precedes bladder training. Watching older siblings
provides role modeling and facilitates imitation for the toddler. The
child should be introduced to the potty chair or toilet in a
nonthreatening manner.

12. The parents of a newborn say that their toddler “hates the
baby. . . . He suggested that we put him in the trash can so
the trash truck could take him away.” The nurse’s best reply
is which of the following?
a. “Let’s see if we can figure out why he hates the new baby.”
b. “That’s a strong statement to come from such a small boy.”

c. “Let’s refer him to counseling to work this hatred out. It’s not a normal response.”
d. “That is a normal response to the birth of a sibling. Let’s look at ways to deal with this.”
ANS: D
The arrival of a new infant represents a crisis for even the best-
prepared toddler. Toddlers have their entire schedule and routines
disrupted because of the new family member. The nurse should work
with parents on ways to involve the toddler in the newborn’s care and
to help focus attention on the toddler. The toddler does not hate the
infant. This is an expected, normal response to the changes in
routines and attention that affect the toddler. The toddler can be
provided with a doll to imitate parents’ behaviors. The child can care
for the doll’s needs at the same time the parent is performing similar
care for the newborn.
13. A toddler’s parent asks the nurse for suggestions on dealing

with temper tantrums. Which of the following is the most
appropriate recommendation?
a. Punish the child.
b. Explain to child that this is wrong.

c. Leave the child alone until the tantrum is over.
d. Remain close by the child but without eye contact.
ANS: D
The best way to deal with temper tantrums is to ignore the behaviors,
provided that the actions are not dangerous to the child. Tantrums
are common during this age-group as the child becomes more
independent and overwhelmed by increasingly complex tasks. The
parents and caregivers need to have consistent and developmentally
appropriate expectations. Punishment and explanations will not be
beneficial. The presence of the parent is necessary both for safety
and to provide a feeling of control and security to the child when the
tantrum is over.
14. A parent asks the nurse about negativism in toddlers. The

most appropriate recommendation is which of the following?
a. Punish the child.
b. Provide more attention.
c. Ask child not to always say “no.”

d. Reduce the opportunities for a “no” answer.
ANS: D
The nurse should suggest to the parent that questions should be

phrased with realistic choices rather than yes or no answers. This
provides a sense of control for the toddler and reduces the
opportunity for negativism. Negativism is not an indication of
stubbornness or insolence and should not be punished. The
negativism is not a function of attention; the child is testing limits to
gain an understanding of the world. The toddler is too young to
comply with requests not to say “no.”
15. The parents of a 2-year-old tell the nurse they are

concerned because the toddler has started to use “baby talk”
since the arrival of their new baby. The nurse should
recommend which of the following?
a. Ignore the baby talk.
b. Tell the toddler frequently, “You are a big kid now.”
c. Explain to the toddler that baby talk is for babies.

d. Encourage the toddler to practice more advanced patterns of speech.
ANS: A
The baby talk is a sign of regression in the toddler. Often toddlers

attempt to cope with a stressful situation by reverting to patterns of
behavior that were successful in earlier stages of development. It
should be ignored, while praising the child for developmentally
appropriate behaviors. Regression is children’s way of expressing
stress. The parents should not introduce new expectations and allow
the child to master the developmental tasks without criticism.
16. Parents tell the nurse that their toddler eats little at
mealtime, only sits at the table with the family briefly, and
wants snacks “all the time.” Which of the following should the
nurse recommend?
a. Give her nutritious snacks.
b. Offer rewards for eating at mealtimes.
c. Avoid snacks so she is hungry at mealtimes.
d. Explain to her in a firm manner what is expected of her.

ANS: A
Most toddlers exhibit a physiologic anorexia in response to the

decreased nutritional requirement associated with the slower growth
rate. Parents should assist the child in developing healthy eating
habits. The toddler is often unable to sit through a meal. Frequent
nutritious snacks are a good way to ensure proper nutrition. To help
with developing healthy eating habits, food should be not be used as
positive or negative reinforcement for behavior. The child may
develop habits of overeating or eat nonnutritious foods in response. A
toddler is not able to understand explanations of what is expected of
her and comply with the expectations.
17. A father tells the nurse that his daughter wants the same
plate and cup used at every meal, even if they go to a
restaurant. The nurse should explain that this is which of the
following?
a. A sign the child is spoiled
b. An attempt to exert unhealthy control
c. Regression, which is common at this age
d. Ritualism, an expected behavior at this age

ANS: D
The child is exhibiting the ritualism that is characteristic at this age.

Ritualism is the need to maintain the sameness and reliability. It
provides a sense of structure and comfort to the toddler. It will dictate
certain principles in feeding practices, including rejecting a favorite
food because it is served in a different container. This does not
indicate the child has unreasonable expectations, but rather is part of
normal development. Ritualism is not regression, which is a retreat
from a present pattern of functioning.
18. The nurse is discussing with a parent group the importance

of fluoride for healthy teeth. Which of the following should the
nurse recommend?
a. Determine whether water supply is fluoridated.
b. Use fluoridated mouth rinses in children older than 1 year.
c. Give fluoride supplements to infants beginning at age 2 months.
d. Brush teeth with fluoridated toothpaste unless fluoride content of water supply is adequate.
ANS: A
The decision about fluoride supplementation cannot be made until it

is known whether the water supply contains fluoride and the amount.
It is difficult to teach toddlers to spit out the mouthwash. Swallowing
fluoridated mouthwashes can contribute to fluorosis. Fluoride
supplementation is not recommended until after age 6 months and
then only if the water is not fluoridated. Fluoridated toothpaste is still
indicated if the fluoride content of the water supply is adequate, but
very small amounts are used.
19. Which of the following is an appropriate recommendation in

preventing tooth decay in young children?
a. Substitute raisins for candy.
b. Substitute sugarless gum for regular gum.
c. Use honey or molasses instead of refined sugar.
d. When sweets are to be eaten, select a time not during meals.
ANS: B
Regular gum has high sugar content. When the child chews gum, the
sugar is in prolonged contact with the teeth. Sugarless gum is less
cariogenic than regular gum. Raisins, honey, and molasses are
highly cariogenic and should be avoided. Sweets should be
consumed with meals so that the teeth can be cleaned afterward.
This decreases the amount of time that the sugar is in contact with
the teeth.
20. What is the leading cause of death during the toddler

period?
a. Injuries
b. Infectious diseases
c. Childhood diseases
d. Congenital disorders
ANS: A
Injuries are the most common cause of death in children ages 1

through 4 years. It is the highest rate of death from injuries of any
childhood age-group except adolescence. Congenital disorders are
the second leading cause of death in this age-group. Infectious and
childhood diseases are less common causes of death in this age-
group.
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brutal indifference to other people’s tastes that characterizes the British
nation. Why did he not ask old James, who was standing there doing
nothing? Yet what was I to do? There were the ladies looking on, among
them Edelgard, motionless, leaving me to my fate, though if either of us
knows anything about dogs it is she who does. Jellaby had got the beast by
the collar, so I thought perhaps holding him by the tail would do. It was true
it was the merest stump, but at least it was at the other end. I therefore
grasped it, though with no little trouble, for, for some unknown reason, just
as my hand approached it, it began to wag.
“No, no—catch hold of the collar. He’s all right, he won’t do anything to
you,” said Jellaby, grinning and keeping his wounded hand well away from
him while the nondescripts ran to fetch water.
The brute was quiet for a moment, and under the circumstances I do think
Edelgard might have helped. She knows I cannot bear dogs. If she had held
his head I would not have minded going on holding his tail, and at home she
would have made herself useful as a matter of course. Here, however, she
did nothing of the sort, but stood tearing up a perfectly good, clean
handkerchief into strips in order, forsooth, to render that assistance to Jellaby
which she denied her own husband. I did take the dog by the collar, there
being no other course open to me, and was thankful to find that he was too
tired and too much hurt to do anything to me. But I have never been a dog
lover, carefully excluding them from my flat in Storchwerder, and selling the
one Edelgard had had as a girl and wanted to saddle me with on her
marriage. I remember how long it took, she being then still composed of
very raw material, to make her understand I had married her and not her
Dachshund. Will it be believed that her only answer to my arguments was a
repeated parrot-like cry of “But he is so sweet!” A feeble plea, indeed, to set
against the logic of my reasons. She shed tears, I remember, in quantities
more suited to fourteen than twenty-four (as I pointed out to her), but later
on did acknowledge, in answer to my repeated inquiries, that the furniture
and carpets were, no doubt, the better for it, though for a long time she had a
tendency which I found some difficulty in repressing, to make tiresomely
plaintive allusions to the fact that the buyer (I sold the dog by auction) had
chanced to be a maker of sausages and she had not happened to meet the dog
since in the streets. Also, until I spoke very seriously to her about it, for
months she would not touch anything potted, after always having been
particularly fond of this type of food.
I soon found myself alone and unheeded with Jellaby’s dog, while Jellaby
himself, the flattered centre of the entire body of ladies, was having his
wound dressed. My wife washed it, Jumps held the bucket, Mrs. Menzies-
Legh bound it up, Frau von Eckthum provided one of her own safety pins (I
saw her take it out of her blouse), and Jane lent her sash for a sling. As for
Lord Sigismund, after having seen to his own dog’s wounds (all made by
Jellaby’s dog) he came back and, with truly Christian goodness, offered to
wash and doctor Jellaby’s dog. His attitude, indeed, during these dog-fights
was only one possible to a person of the very highest breeding. Never a word
of reproach, yet it was clear that if Jellaby’s dog had not been there there
would have been no fighting. And he exhibited a real distress over Jellaby’s
wound, while Jellaby, thoroughly thick-skinned, laughed and declared he did
not feel it; which, no doubt, was true, for that sort of person does not, I am
convinced, feel anything like the same amount we others do.
The end of this pleasant Sabbath morning episode was that Jellaby took
his dog to the nearest village containing a veterinary surgeon, and Menzies-
Legh was found in the ditch almost as green as the surrounding leaves
because—will it be believed?—he could never stand the sight of blood!
My hearers will, I am sure, be amused at this. Of course, many Britons
must be the same, for it is unlikely that I should have chanced in those few
days to meet the solitary instance, and I could hardly repress a hearty laugh
at the spectacle of this specimen of England’s manhood in a half fainting
condition because he had seen a scratch that produced blood. What will he
and his kind do on that battle-field of, no doubt, the near future, when the
finest army in the world will face them? It will not be scratches that poor
Menzies-Legh will have to look at then, and I greatly fear for his
complexion.
Everybody ran in different directions in search of brandy. Never have I
seen a man so green. He was, at least, ashamed of himself, and finding I was
a moment alone with him and he not in a condition to get up and go away, I
spoke an earnest word or two about the inevitably effeminating effect on a
man of so much poetry-reading and art-admiring and dabbling in the
concerns of the poor. Not thus, I explained, did the Spartans spend their
time. Not thus did the ancient Romans, during their greatest period, behave.
“You feel the situation of the poor, for instance, far more than the poor feel it
themselves,” I said, “and allow yourself to be worried into alleviating a
wretchedness that they are used to, and do not notice. And what, after all, is
art? And what, after all, is poetry? And what, if you come to that, is
wretchedness? Do not weaken the muscles of your mind by feeding it so
constantly on the pap of either your own sentimentality or the sentimentality
of others. Pull down these artificial screens. Be robust. Accustom yourself to
look at facts without flinching. Imitate the conduct of the modern Japanese,
who take their children, as part of their training, to gaze on executions, and
on their return cause the rice for their dinner to be served mixed with the
crimson juices of the cherry, so that they shall imagine——”
But Menzies-Legh turned yet greener, and fainted away.
CHAPTER XIII
I AM accustomed punctually to discharge my obligations in what may be

called celestial directions, holding it to be every man’s duty not to put a
millstone round a weaker vessel’s neck by omitting to set a good example.
Also, in the best sense of the word, I am a religious man. Did not Bismarck
say, and has not the saying become part and parcel of the marrow of the
nation, “We Germans fear God and nothing else in the world”? In exactly, I
should say, the same way and degree as Bismarck was, am I religious. At
Storchwerder, where I am known, I go to church every alternate Sunday and
allow myself to be advised and cautioned by the pastor, willing to admit it is
his turn to speak and recognizing that he is paid to do so, but reserving to
myself the right to put him and keep him in his proper place during the
fourteen secular days that divide these pious oases. Before our daily dinner
also I say grace, a rare thing in households where there are no children to
look on; and if I do not, as a few of the stricter households do, conduct
family prayers every day, it is because I do not like them.
There is, after all, a limit at which duty must retire before a man’s
personal tastes. We are not solely machines for discharging obligations. I see
perfectly clearly that it is most good and essential that one’s cook and wife
should pray together, and even one’s orderly, but I do not see that they
require the assistance and countenance of the gentleman of the house while
they do it.
I am religious in the best and highest sense of the word, a sense that soars
far above family prayers, a sense in no way to be explained, any more than
other high things are explainable. The higher you get in the regions of
thought the more dumb you become. Also the more quiescent. Doing, as all
persons of intellect know, is a very inferior business to thinking, and much
more likely to make one hot. But these cool excursions of the intellect are
not to be talked about to women and the lower classes. What would happen
if they too decided to prefer quiescence? For them creeds and churches are
positive necessities, and the plainer and more definite they are the better. The
devout poor, the devout mothers of families, how essential they are to the
freedom and comfort of the rest. The less you have the more it is necessary
that you should be contented, and nothing does this so thoroughly as the
doctrine of resignation. It would indeed be an unthinkable calamity if all the
uneducated and the feeble-minded, the lower classes and the women, should
lose their piety enough to want things. Women, it is true, are fairly safe so
long as they have a child once a year, which is Nature’s way of keeping them
quiet; but it fills me with nothing short of horror when I hear of any
discontent among the male portion of the proletariat.
That these people should have a vote is the one mistake that great and
peculiarly typical German, the ever-to-be-lamented Bismarck, made. To
reflect that power is in the hands of such persons, any power, even the
smallest shred of it, alarms me so seriously that if I think of it on a Sunday
morning, when perhaps I had decided to omit going to church for once and
rest at home while my wife went, I hastily seize my parade helmet and hurry
off in a fever of anxiety to help uphold the pillars of society.
Indeed it is of paramount necessity that we should cling to the Church
and its teaching; that we should see that our wives cling; that we should
insist on the clinging of our servants; and these Sunday morning reflections
occurring to me as I look back through the months to that first Sunday out of
our Fatherland, I seem to feel as I write (though it is now December and
sleeting) the summer breeze blowing over the grass on to my cheek, to hear
the small birds (I do not know their names) twittering, and to see Frau von
Eckthum coming across the field in the sun and standing before me with her
pretty smile and telling me she is going to church and asking whether I will
go too. Of course I went too. She really was (and is, in spite of
Storchwerder) a most attractive lady.
We went, then, together, Jellaby safely away at the veterinary surgeon’s,
Edelgard following behind with the two fledglings, who had achieved an
unusually clean appearance and had more of the budding maiden about them
than I had yet observed, and Lord Sigismund and Mrs. Menzies-Legh
remaining with our patient, who had recovered enough to sit in a low chair
in the shade and be read aloud to. Let us hope the book was virile. But I
greatly doubt it, for his wife’s voice in the peculiar sing-song that seems to
afflict the voice of him who reads verses, zigzagged behind us some way
across the field.
After our vagrant life of the last few days it seemed odd to be walking
respectably along with no horse to lead, presently joining other respectable
persons bent on the same errand. They seemed to know we were the dusty
caravaners who had trudged past the afternoon before, and we were well
stared at. In the church, too, an imposing lady in the pew in front of us sat
sideways in her corner and examined us with calm attention through her eye-
glass both before the service
An imposing lady in the pew in front of us sat sideways in her corner and examined us with
calm attention
began and during it whenever the sitting portions of the ritual were reached.
She was, we afterward discovered, the lady of the manor or chief lady in the
place, and it was in one of her fields we were camping. We heard that
afternoon from the farmer that she had privately visited our camp the
evening before with her bailiff and his dogs and observed us, also with the
aid of her eye-glass, over the hedge as we sat absorbed round our supper,
doubtful whether we were not a circus and ought not instantly to be moved
on. I fancy the result of her scrutiny in church was very satisfactory. She
could not fail to see that here she had to do with a gentleman of noble birth,
and the ladies of the party, in pews concealing their short skirts but
displaying their earrings, were seen to every advantage. I caught her eye so
repeatedly that at last, quite involuntarily, and yielding to a natural instinct, I
bowed—a little, not deeply, out of considerations of time and place. She did
not return my bow, nor did she after that look again, but attended during the
rest of the service to her somewhat neglected devotions.
My hearers will be as much surprised as I was, though not half so tired,
when I tell them that during the greater part of the service I was expected to
remain on my knees. We Germans are not accustomed to our knees. I had
certainly never used mine for praying purposes before; and inquiry later on
elicited the information that the singular nation kneels every night by its
beds before getting into them, and says prayers there too.
But it was not only the kneeling that shocked me (for if you ache and
stiffen how can you properly pray! As Satan no doubt very well knew when
he first put it into their heads to do it)—it was the extraordinary speed at
which the service was run through. We began at eleven, and by a quarter to
twelve we were, so to speak, ejected shriven. No flock can fatten on such a
diet. How differently are the flocks of the Fatherland fed! There they grow
fat indeed on the ample extemporizations of their pastor, or have every
opportunity of doing so if they want to. Does he not address them for the
best part of an hour? Which is not a moment too long for a meal that is to
last seven days.
The English pastor, arrayed in white with two meaningless red ribbons
down his back, preached for seven minutes, providing as I rapidly calculated
exactly one minute’s edification for each day of the week until the following
Sunday. Alas, for the sheep of England! That is to say, alas from the mere
generally humane point of view, but not otherwise alas, for their
disadvantage must always be our gain, and a British sheep starved into
socialism and civil war is almost more valuable to us than a German sheep
which shall be fat with faith.
The pastor, evidently a militant man, preached against the sin of bigotry,
which would have been all very well as far as it went and listened to by me
with the tolerance I am accustomed to bring to bear on pulpit utterances if he
had not in the same breath—there was hardly time for more than one—
called down heaven’s wrath on all who attend the meetings or services of
forms of faith other than the Anglican. These other forms include, as I need
not point out, the Lutheran. Really I found it difficult to suppress a smile at
the poor man’s folly. I longed for Luther (a thing I cannot remember ever to
have done before) to rise up and scatter the blinded gentleman out of his
pulpit. But hardly had I got as far as this in my thoughts than a hurried
benediction, a hasty hymn, a rapid passing round of the English equivalent
for what we call God’s box, ended the service. Genuinely shocked at this
breathlessness—and you, my hearers, who know no other worship than that
leisurely one in Storchwerder and throughout our beloved Prussian land (I
do not allude to Roman Catholics beyond saying, in a spirit of tolerant
humanity, poor things), that worship which fills the entire morning, that
composed and comfortable worship during which you sit almost the whole
time so that no fatigue of the feet or knees shall distract your thoughts from
the matter in hand, you who join sitting in our chorales, slow and dignified
settings of ancient sentiments with ample spaces between the verses for the
thinking of appropriate thoughts in which you are assisted by the meditative
organ, and stand, as men should who are not slaves, to pray, you will, I am
sure, be shocked too—I decided that here no doubt was one of the keys to
the manifest decadence of the British character. Reverence and speed can
never go together. Irreverence in the treatment of its creeds is an inevitable
sign that a nation is well on that downward plane which jerks it at last into
the jaws of (say) Germany. Well, so be it. Though irreverence is undoubtedly
an evil, and I am the first to deplore it, I cannot deplore it as much as I would
if it were not going to be the cause of that ultimate jerking. And what a green
and fruitful land it is! Es wird gut schmecken, as we men of healthy appetite
say.
We walked home—an expression that used to strike me as strangely
ironical when home was only grass and hedges—discussing these things.
That is, I discussed and Frau von Eckthum said Oh? But the sympathy of the
voice, the implied agreement with my views, the appreciation of the way I
put them, the perfect mutual understanding expressed, all this I cannot
describe even if I would to you prejudiced critics.
Edelgard went on ahead with the two young girls. She and I did not at
this point see much of each other, but quite enough. Being human I got tired
sometimes of being patient, and yet it was impossible to be anything else
inside a caravan with walls so thin that the whole camp would have to hear.
Nor can you be impatient in the middle of a field: to be so comfortably you
must be on the other side of at least a hedge; so that on the whole it was best
we should seldom be together.
With Frau von Eckthum, on the other hand, I never had the least desire to
be anything but the mildest of men, and we walked home as harmoniously as
usual to find when we arrived that, though we had in no way lingered, the
active pastor was there before us.
With what haste he must have stripped off his ribbons and by what short
cuts across ditches he had reached the camp so quickly I cannot say, but
there he was, ensconced in one of the low chairs talking to the Menzies-
Leghs as though he had known them all his life.
This want of ceremony, this immediate familiarity prevailing in British
circles, was a thing I never got used to. With us, first of all, the pastor would
not have come at all, and secondly, once come, he would still have been in
the stage of ceremonious preface when we arrived, and only emerged from
his preliminary apologies to enter into the series of prayers for forgiveness
which would round off his visit. Thus there would be no time so much as to
reach the ice, far less to break it, and I am conservative enough and
aristocratic enough to like ice: it is such an excellent preservative.
Mrs. Menzies-Legh was feeding her invalid with biscuits and milk.
“Have some?” said she to the pastor, holding out a cup of this attractive
beverage without the least preliminary grace of speech.
He took it, for his part, without the least preliminary ceremony of polite
refusal which would call forth equally polite pressure on her side and end
with a tactful final yielding on his; he took it without even interrupting his
talk to Menzies-Legh, and stretching out his hand helped himself to a biscuit,
though nobody had offered him one.
Now what can be the possible future of a nation deliberately discarding
all the barriers of good manners that keep the natural brute in us suppressed?
Ought a man to be allowed to let this animal loose on somebody else’s
biscuit-plate? It seems to me the hedge of ceremony is very necessary if you
would keep it out, and it dwells in us all alike whatever country we may
belong to. In Germany, feeling how near the surface it really is, we are
particular and careful down to the smallest detail. Experience having taught
us that the only way to circumvent it is to make the wire-netting, so to speak,
of etiquette very thick, we do make it thick. And how anxiously we
safeguard our honour, keeping it first of all inside these high and thick nets
of rules, and then holding ourselves ready on the least approach to it to rise
up and shed either our own or (preferably) somebody else’s blood in its
defense. And apart from other animals, the rabbit of Socialism, with its two
eldest children, Division of Property and Free Love, is kept out most
effectually by this netting. Jellabies and their like, tolerated so openly in
Britain, find it difficult to burrow beneath the careful and far-reaching
insistence on forms and ceremonies observed in other countries. Their horrid
doctrines have little effect on such an armour. Not that I am not modern
enough and large minded enough to be very willing to divide my property if
I may choose the person to divide it with. All those Jewish bankers in Berlin
and Hamburg, for instance—when I think of a division with them I see little
harm and some comfort; but to divide with my orderly, Hermann, or with the
man who hangs our breakfast rolls in a bag on the handle of our back door
every morning, is another matter. As for Free Love, it is not to be denied that
there are various things to be said for that too, but not in this place. Let me
return. Let me return from a subject which, though legitimate enough for
men to discuss, is yet of a somewhat slippery complexion, to the English
pastor helping himself to our biscuits, and describe shortly how the same
scene would have unrolled itself in a field in the vicinity of Storchwerder,
supposing it possible that a party of well-born Germans should be camping
in one, that the municipal authorities had not long ago turned them out after
punishing them with fines, and that the pastor of the nearest church had
dared to come hot from his pulpit, and intrude on them.
Pastor, approaching Menzies-Legh and his wife (translated for the nonce
into two aristocratic Germans) with deferential bows from the point at which
he first caught their eyes, and hat in hand:
“I entreat the Herrschaften to pardon me a thousand times for thus
obtruding myself upon their notice. I beg them not to take it amiss. It is in
reality an unexampled shamelessness on my part, but—may I be permitted to
introduce myself? My name is Schultz.”
He would here bow twice or thrice each to the Menzies-Leghs, who after
staring at him in some natural surprise—for what excuse could the man
possibly have?—get up and greet him with solemn dignity, both bowing, but
neither offering to shake hands.
Pastor, bowing again profoundly, and still holding his hat in his hand,
repeats: “My name is Schultz.”
Menzies-Legh (who it must be remembered is for the moment a noble
German) would probably here say under his breath: “And mine, thank God,
is not”—but probably not quite loud enough (being extremely correct) for
the pastor to hear, and would then mention his own name, with its title, Fürst
Graf, or Baron, explaining that the lady with him was his wife.
More bows from the pastor, profounder if possible than before.
Pastor: “I beseech the Herrschaften to forgive my thus appearing, and
fervently hope they will not consider me obtrusive, or in any way take it
amiss.”
Mrs. Menzies-Legh (now a Gräfin at the least): “Will not the Herr Pastor
seat himself?”
Pastor, with every appearance of being overcome: “Oh, a thousand thanks
—the gracious lady is too good—if I may really be permitted to sit—an
instant—after so shamelessly——”
He is waved by Menzies-Legh, as he still hesitates, with stately courtesy,
into the third chair, into which he sinks, but not until he sees the
Herrschaften are in the act of sinking too.
Mrs. Menzies-Legh, gracefully explaining Menzies-Legh’s greenness and
silence: “My husband is not very well to-day.”
Pastor, with every sign of liveliest interest and compassion: “Oh, that
indeed makes me sorry. Has the Herr Graf then perhaps been over-exerting
himself? Has he perhaps contracted a chill? Is he suffering from a depressed
stomach?”
Menzies-Legh, with a stately wave of the hand, naturally unwilling to
reveal the real reason why he is so green: “No—no.”
Mrs. Menzies-Legh: “I was about to refresh him a little with milk. May I
be permitted to pour out a droplet for the Herr Pastor?”
Pastor, again bowing profusely: “The gracious one is much too good. I
could not think of permitting myself——”
Mrs. Menzies-Legh: “But I beg you, Herr Pastor—will you not drink just
a little?”
Pastor: “The gracious one is really very amiable. I would not, however,
be the means of depriving the Herrschaften of their——”
Mrs. Menzies-Legh: “But Herr Pastor, not at all. Truly not at all. Will you
not allow me to pour you out even half a glassful? After the heat of your
walk? And the exertion of conducting the church service?”
Pastor, struggling to get up from the low chair, bow, and take the
proffered glass of milk at one and the same time: “Since the gracious one is
so gracious——”
He takes the glass with a deep bow, having now reached the stage when,
the preliminaries demanded by perfect courtesy being on each side fulfilled,
he is at liberty to do so, but before drinking its contents turns bowing to
Menzies-Legh.
Pastor: “But may I not be permitted to offer it to the Herr Graf?”
Menzies-Legh, with a stately wave of the hand: “No—no.”
Pastor, letting himself down again into the chair with another bow and the
necessary caution, the glass being in his hand: “I do not dare to think what
the Herrschaften’s opinion of me must be for intruding in this manner. I can
only entreat them not to take it amiss. I am aware it is an unexampled
example of shamelessness——”
Mrs. Menzies-Legh, advancing with the plate of biscuits: “Will the Herr
Pastor perhaps eat a biscuit?”
The pastor again shows every sign of being overcome with gratitude, and
is about to embark on a speech of thanks and protest before permitting
himself to take one when Baron von Ottringel and party appear on the scene,
and we get to the point at which they really did appear.
Now what could be more proper and graceful than the whole of the
above? It will be observed that there has been no time whatever for anything
but politeness, no time to embark on those seas of discussion, sometimes
foolish, often unsuitable, and always sooner or later angry, on which an
otherwise budding acquaintanceship so frequently comes to grief. We
Germans of the upper classes do not consider it good form to talk on any
subject that is likely to make us lose our tempers, so what can we talk about?
There is hardly anything really safe, except to offer each other chairs. But
used as I am to these gilt limits, elegant frames within which it is a pleasure
to behave like a picture (my friends will have noticed and pardoned my
liking for metaphor) it will easily be imagined with what disapproval I stood
leaning on my umbrella watching the scene before me. Frau von Eckthum
had gone into her caravan. Edelgard and the girls had disappeared. I alone
approached the party, not one of which thought it necessary to introduce me
or take other notice of my arrival.
They were discussing with amusing absorption a subject alluded to as the
Licensing Bill, which was, I gathered, something heating to do with beer,
and were weaving into it all sorts of judgments and opinions that would have
inflamed a group of Germans at once. Menzies-Legh was too much
interested, I suppose, to go on being green, anyhow, his greenness was all
gone; and the pastor sawed up and down with his hand, in which he clasped
the biscuit no one had suggested he should take. Mrs. Menzies-Legh, sitting
on the grass (a thing no lady should ever do when a gentleman she sees for
the first time is present—“May she the second time?” asked Mrs. Menzies-
Legh, when I laid this principle down in the course of a later conversation, to
which I very properly replied that you cannot explain nuances, but only feel
them), joined in just as though she were a man herself—I mean, with her
usual air of unchallenged equality of intelligence, an air that would have
diverted me if it had not annoyed me too much. And they treated her, too, as
though she were an equal, listening attentively to what she had to say, which,
of course, inflates a poor woman and makes it difficult for her to arrive at a
right estimate of herself.
This is how that absurd sexlessness, the Suffragette, has been able to
come into existence. I heard a good deal about her the first day of the tour,
but on discovering how strongly I felt on the subject, they kept off it, not
liking, I suppose, to have their views knocked out of recognition by what I
said. I did not, be it understood, deign to argue on such a topic: I just said a
few things which frightened them off it.
And, indeed, who can take a female Suffragette seriously? Encouraged, I
maintain, to begin with by being treated too well, she is like the insolent and
pampered menial of a rich and careless master, and the more she gets the
more she demands. Storchwerder does not possess a single example of the
species, and very few foreigners come that way to set a bad example to our
decent and contented ladies. Once, I recollect, by some strange chance the
makings of one did get there, an Englishwoman on some wedding journey
expedition or other, a young creature next to whom I sat at a dinner given by
our Colonel. I was contemplating her with unconcealed pleasure, for she was
quite young and most agreeably rounded, and was turning over the collection
of amusing trifles I keep stored in my mind for purposes of conversation
with attractive ladies when, before I had either selected one or finished my
soup, she began to talk to me in breathless German about an Education Bill
our Reichstag was tearing itself to pieces over.
Her interest could not have been keener if she had been a deputy herself
with the existence of her party depending on it. She had her own views about
it, all cut and dried; she explained her husband’s, which differed
considerably; and she was anxious to hear mine. So anxious was she that she
even forgot to smile when speaking to me—forgot, that is, that she was a
woman and I a man able, if inclined, to admire her.
I remember staring at her a moment in unfeigned astonishment, and then,
leaning back in my chair, giving myself up to uncontrollable mirth.
She watched me with surprise, which made me laugh still more. When I
could speak she inquired whether any one at the table had said anything
amusing, and seemed quite struck on my assuring her that it was she herself
who was amusing.
“I am?” said she; and a faint flush enhanced her prettiness.
“Yes—you and the Education Bill together,” said I, again overcome with
laughter. “It is indeed an amusing mixture. It is like,” I added, with happy
readiness of compliment, “a rose in an inkpot.”
“But is that amusing?” she asked, not in the least grateful for the flattery,
and with a quite serious face.
She had had her little lesson, however, and she did not again talk politics.
Indeed, she did not again talk at all, but turned to the gentleman on her other
side, and left me nothing to look at but a sweet little curl behind a sweet little
ear.
Now if she had been properly brought up to devote herself to the
woman’s function of pleasing, how agreeably we could have discoursed
together about that curl and that ear, and kindred topics, branching off into
all sorts of flowery and seductive byways of compliment and insinuation,
such as the well-trained young woman thoroughly enjoys and understands. I
can only trust the lesson I gave her did her good. It certainly cured her of
talking politics to me.
Listening to the English pastor heating himself over the Licensing Bill
which, with all politics, is surely as distinctly outside the pastoral province
as it is outside the woman’s, I remembered this earlier success, and not
caring to stand there unnoticed any longer thought I would repeat it. I
therefore began to laugh, gently at first, as though tickled by my thoughts,
then more heartily.
They all stopped to look at me.
“What is the joke, Baron?” asked Menzies-Legh, scowling up.
“Forgive me, Pastor,” said I, taking off my hat and bowing—he for his
part only stared—“but we are accustomed in my country (which, thank God,
is Germany!) never to connect clergymen with politics, the inevitable
wranglings of which make them ill-suited as a study for men whose calling
is purely that of peace. So firmly is this feeling rooted in our natures that it is
as amusing to me to see a gentleman of your profession deeply interested in
such questions as it would be to see—to see——”
I cast about for a simile, but nothing occurred to me at the moment (and
they were all sitting waiting) than the rose and inkpot one, so I had to take
that.
And Mrs. Menzies-Legh, just as obtusely as the little bride of years ago,
asked, “But is that amusing?”
Before I could reply Menzies-Legh got up and said he must write some
letters; the pastor got up too and said he must hurry off to a class; and Lord
Sigismund, as I approached the vacated chair next to him, and was about to
drop into it, said he felt sure Menzies-Legh had no stamps, and he must go
and lend him some.
Looking up from the grass on which she still sat, Mrs. Menzies-Legh
patted it and said, “Come and sit on this nice soft stuff, dear Baron. I think
men are tiresome things, don’t you? Always rushing off somewhere. Tell me
about the rose and the inkpot. I do see, I think, that they’re—they’re funny.
Why did the vicar remind you of them? Come and sit on the grass and tell
me.”
But I had no desire to sit on grass with Mrs. Menzies-Legh, as though we
were a row of turtle doves, so I merely said I did not like grass, and bowing
slightly, walked away.
CHAPTER XIV
T HE next day one of those unfortunate incidents happened which may, of

course, happen to anybody, but really need not have happened just to me.
We left our camp at twelve, after the usual feverish endeavour to start
much earlier, the caravans as usual nearly capsizing getting out to the field,
and breaking, also as usual, in their plungings several hitherto unbroken
articles, and with the wind and dust in our faces and gray, lowering clouds
over our heads we resumed our daily race after pleasure.
The Sunday had been fine throughout, and there had been dew and stars
at the end of it which, together with windlessness, made us expect a fine
Monday. But it was nothing of the sort. Monday provided the conditions I
always now associate with caravaning—a high wind, a threatening sky,
clouds of dust, and a hard white road.
The day began badly and continued badly, so that even writing about it at
this distance I drop unconsciously into a fretful tone. Perhaps our dinner at
the inn on the Sunday had been more than constitutions used to starvation
could suddenly endure, or perhaps some of us may have eaten beyond the
limits of discretion, remembering that another week was to pass before the
next real meal, and these, becoming cross, had infected the rest; anyhow on
Monday troubles seemed to accumulate, beginning with a bill from the
farmer for the field and care of the horses of a most exorbitant nature, going
on to the losing of various things in the hasty packing up, continuing with
the hurting of Menzies-Legh’s foot owing to his folly in placing it where the
advancing hoof of my horse was bound to go and with his being in
consequence unable to do his proper share of work, and ending with the
unfortunate incident I referred to above and shall presently relate.
Menzies-Legh, indeed, was strangely irritable. Perhaps his foot hurt him,
but he ought not to have minded that, considering, as I told him, it was
nobody’s fault but his own. I was leading the horse at the moment, and saw
Menzies-Legh’s foot but never dreamed he would not remove it in time, and
you cannot, as I said to him, blame a dumb animal.
“Certainly not,” agreed Menzies-Legh; but with a singular gloom.
And when I saw the exorbitance of the bill I felt bound to point out to
him that strict honesty did not seem to be characteristic of his countrymen,
and to enlarge on the difference between them and my own, and that seemed
to irritate him too, though he said nothing.
Seeing this suppressed irritation I sought to remove it by reminding him
of his wealth, and of how the rapacity of the various farmers would at the
worst only mean for him one stove the less for one undeserving old woman
the fewer; but even that did not cheer him—he was and remained in a bad
temper. So that, vexed as I was myself at the expense of the holiday that was
to have been so cheap, I could not prevent a temporary good-humour taking
possession of me, which is the invariable effect produced on me by other
people’s crossness. Even then, with his hurt foot, Menzies-Legh was such a
slave to duty that while I was in the very act of talking the recollection of
something he ought to do made him struggle up from the low chair and rugs
in which his wife had carefully placed him, and limp away; and I saw no
more of him for a long while beyond an occasional glimpse of his sallow
visage at the window in front of his van, where he sat all day in silence
driving his horse.
Behold us, then, crawling along an ugly highroad with our mouths full of
dust.
The weather was alternately hot and cold, but uninterruptedly windy, and
rain threatened to descend on us and actually did as the afternoon wore on.
My hearers must remember that in caravaning afternoons wear on and
mornings merge into them with no such thing as a real meal throughout their
entire length. Long before this I had realized that plums were to be my
portion: plums, or bananas, or very green apples, mitigated by a biscuit
unless biscuits chanced to be scarce (in which case the ladies got them), at a
time of day when the rest of Europe was sitting down comfortably to its
luncheon; and I had learned to acquiesce in this as I acquiesced in all the
other privations, for I saw for myself that it was impossible to arrange a
cooked meal except before leaving or after arriving in camp. A reasonable
man is silent before the impossible; still, plums are poor things to march on.
March on them, however, I had to, and Hunger (a most unpleasant and
reverberating companion) came too, and marched with me every day.
Well, I was often glad at this time that my poor Marie-Luise was spared
her silver wedding journey, and that a more robust and far less deserving
wife went through it in her stead. Marie-Luise was a most wifely wife, with
no whalebone (if I may so express it) either about her clothes or her
character. All was soft, womanly, overflowing. Touch her, and you left a
dimple. Bring your pressure, even the slightest, to bear anywhere on her
mind, and it immediately gave way.
“But do you like that sort of thing?” asked Mrs. Menzies-Legh, to whom,
as we plodded along that day, I was talking in this reminiscent strain for
want of a better companion.
Ahead walked Edelgard, visibly slimmer, younger, moving quickly and
easily in her short skirt and new activity. It was this figure—hardly now at a
distance to be distinguished from the figures of the scanty sisters—walking
before me that made me think with tenderness of Marie-Luise. Edelgard was
behaving badly, and when I told her so at night in our caravan she did not
answer. At home she used to express immediate penitence; here she either
said nothing, or said short things that reminded me of Mrs. Menzies-Legh,
little odd sentences quite unlike her usual style and annoyingly difficult to
reply to. And the more she behaved in this manner the more did my thoughts
go back regretfully to my gentle and yielding first wife. Sometimes, I
recollect, those twenty years with her had seemed long; but that was
because, firstly, twenty years are long, and secondly, because we are none of
us perfect, and thirdly, because a wife, unless she is careful, is apt to get on
to one’s nerves. But how preferable is gentleness to an aggressive activity of
mind and body. How annoying to see one’s wife striding on ahead with an
ease I could not imitate and therefore in itself a slight on her husband. A man
wants a wife who sits still, and not only still but on the same chair every day
so that he knows where to find her should he happen to want anything.
Marie-Luise was a very calm sitter; she never moved, except to follow the
then Clothilde about. Only her hands moved, in a tireless guiding of the
needle through those of my under-garments which had become defective.
“But do you like that sort of thing?” asked Mrs. Menzies-Legh,
unsympathetic as usual. Her gentle sister would have coo’d an interested
Oh? and I would have felt soothed and understood.
“Like what?” I asked rather peevishly, for it occurred to me at that
moment as I watched the figures in front—my wife and Jellaby and Frau von
Eckthum—that I had not had a word with the latter since the walk back from
church more than twenty-four hours previously, and that her sister, on the
other hand, seemed never to leave my side.
“Calm sitters,” said Mrs. Menzies-Legh, “and dimples all over one’s
mind wherever you touch it. I suppose when you used to remove the
pressure they slowly filled out again. It rather makes one think of india-
rubber, doesn’t it?”
“A wife’s first duty is to be submissive,” said I, conscious that I had the
Prayer-book behind me and waving side issues, such as india-rubber,
resolutely aside.
“Yes, yes,” agreed Mrs. Menzies-Legh, “but——”
“And I am thankful to say,” I continued quickly, for she was about to add
something that I was sure was going to be aggressive, “I am thankful to say I
was very fortunate in my Marie-Luise.”
“And very fortunate in your Edelgard,” said she—they had got to
Christian names the second day.
“Of course,” said I.
“She is a person everybody must love,” said she.
“Undoubtedly,” said I.
“So adaptable and quick,” continued the tactless lady.
“You are very good,” said I, raising my Panama in stiff acknowledgment
of these compliments.
“And so unselfish,” said she.
I bowed again, more stiffly than before.
“Look how she cuts all the bread and butter.”
I bowed again.
“Look how she makes the coffee.”
I bowed again.
“Look how cheerful she is.”
I bowed again.
“And how clever, dear Baron.”
Clever? That indeed was a new way of looking at poor Edelgard. I could
not at this repress a smile of amusement. “I am gratified that you should
have so good an opinion of my wife,” I said; and wished much to add, “But
what is my wife to you that you should take it upon yourself to praise her? Is
she not solely and exclusively my property?”
Mrs. Menzies-Legh, however, was absolutely rebuke-proof, and had so
many answers ready that I thought it better not to bring them upon me in
crowds. I did though rather cleverly turn the tables upon her, and at the same
time bring the conversation to a point which really interested me, by
beginning to praise her sister.
“It is good of you,” I said, “to commend my family. In return permit me
to praise yours.”
“What—John?” she asked, with a quick look and something of a smile.
(John was her ill-conditioned husband.) “Are you—do you like him so
much?”
Now as I thought John a very poor thing indeed this question would have
seemed difficult to answer to any one less ready.
“Like,” said I, with conspicuously careful courtesy, “is not at all the word
that describes my feelings toward your husband.”
She looked at me sideways, then dropped her eyelashes. “Dear Baron,”
she murmured, “how very——”
“I was not, however,” I interrupted hastily, for I felt the ice would not
bear much skating on, “thinking of him. I was referring to your sister.”
“Oh?” said she—almost like the charming relative herself.
“She is of course, and as you know, delightful. But of all her
delightfulness do you know what strikes me as most delightful?”
“No,” said Mrs. Menzies-Legh, watching me with obvious interest.
“Her conversation.”
“Yes. She is a good talker,” she admitted.
“What I call a perfect talker,” said I enthusiastically.
“I know. Everybody says so.”
“Never too much,” I said meaningly.
“Oh?” said she. “You think so? I rather imagined——” She stopped.
“So extremely sympathetic,” I continued.
“And so amusing,” said she.
“Amusing?” said I, slightly surprised, for I must say I had not till then
considered it possible to be amusing on one single note, however flute-like.
“Even more—really witty. Don’t you think so?”
“Witty?” said I, with increased surprise.
She looked at me and smiled. “You evidently have not found her so,” she
said.

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 Chapter 02: Social, Cultural, and Religious Influences on Child

1. Children are taught the values of their culture through

Status is culturally determined and varies according to each culture.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 21

TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

2. When minority groups immigrate to another country, a

Acculturation is the gradual changes that are produced in a culture by

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 23

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs:

3. Which of the following terms best describes the emotional

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 24

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs:

4. After the family, which of the following is likely to have the

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 25

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs:

5. The nurse observes that families from certain minority

b. avoid health care.

c. are more forgetful.

d. view time differently.

Each cultural group has different conceptions of time and waiting.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 30

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs:

6. The Asian parent of a child being seen in the clinic avoids

a. feels inferior to nurse.

b. is showing respect for nurse.

c. is embarrassed to seek health care.

d. feels responsible for her child’s illness.

In some ethnic groups, eye contact is avoided. In the Vietnamese

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 32

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs:

7. The nurse is planning care for a patient with a different

a. Adapt, as necessary, ethnic practices to health needs.

b. Attempt, in a nonjudgmental way, to change ethnic beliefs.

c. Encourage continuation of ethnic practices in the hospital setting.

d. Strive to keep ethnic background from influencing health needs.

Whenever possible, nurses should facilitate the integration of ethnic

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 36

8. The nurse discovers welts on the back of a Vietnamese child

b. Cultural practice to rid the body of disease

c. Cultural practice to treat enuresis or temper tantrums

d. Child discipline measure common in the Vietnamese culture

This is descriptive of coining. The welts are created by repeatedly

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 35

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs:

a. Parent is trying to feed child only what child likes most.

c. Parent is trying to restore normal balance through appropriate “hot” remedies.