Rizals Exile in Dapitan

Exile in Dapitan,
1892-96
Beginning of Exile in Dapitan
The streamer Cebu which brought Rizal to Dapitan carried a letter from Father
Pablo Pastells, Superior of the Jesuits parish priest of Dapitan. In this letter,
Father Superior Pastells informed Father Obach that Rizal could live at the parish
convent on the following conditions:
1.”That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements
that
were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution”.
2.”That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past life”.
3.That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject
and
a man of religion.”
Rizal did not agree with these
conditions. Therefore, Rizal decided
to stay at the place of Captain Ricardo
Carnicero.
 July 25, 1892
•
Rizal wrote to his mother in Hong
Kong about his Exile in Dapitan.
August 26,1892 •
August a poem for his

commandant’s birthday.
September 21,1892 •
Rizal won in Manila

Lottery
Lottery ticket no. 9736
• P20,000 - lottery prize
• P6,200 was given to Rizal
• P2,000 of his share he gave to his father
• P200 to Basa in Hongkong
• He invested through purchasing agricultural lands from the coast of
Talisay about kilometer away from Dapitan.
• Three esatas – amount Rizal allotted for lottery tickets every month
“This was his first Vice” –commented
Wenceslao E. Retana, his first Sanish
biographer and former enemy.
Rizal – Pastells Debate on Religion
• The debate started when Pastells sent Rizal a book by

Sarda along with an advice that Rizal should desist
from his majaderas (foolishness) in viewing religion from
the perspective of individual judgement and self- cast
The debate can be read in four (4) letters
(written by Rizal)
01 02 03 04
September 1, 1892 November11, 1892 January 9, 1893 April 4, 1893

Father Pastell’s Replies
01 02 03 04
October 12, 1892 December 8, 1892 February 2, 1893 April , 1893

Behind the debate, Pastells and Rizal were friends as
evidently pictured when:
1. Pastells gave Rizal a copy of Imitacion deCristo

by Fr. Thomas a Kempis
2. Rizal gave Pastells a bust of St. Paul which he had
made Rizal continued to hear mass and
celebrate religious events
Rizal Challenges a Frenchman to Duel
•Mr. Juan Lardet - purchased many logs (some of the

logs were of poor quality) - Rizal Flared up in anger
and confronted Lardet and challenged him for a duel
•March 30, 1893- Lardet wrote a letter to Rizal

apologizing for the insulting comment.
Rizal and Father Sanchez
•Rizal's favorite teacher at the Ateneo de Manila
•He was the only Spanish priest to defend Rizal's Noli Me Tangere in
public. - They argued theologically in a friendly manner but all the
efforts of Sanchez were in vain.
•Fr. Sanchez enjoyed the latters company and he even assisted Rizal in
beautifying the town plaza
• Manuscript entitled “Estudios Sobre La Lengua Tagala” (Studies on
the Tagalog Language)
Idyllic Life in Dapitan
Among his family members who visited Rizal were:
1.His mother
2.His sisters Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa
3.Nephews Teodosio, Estanislao, Mauricio and
Prudencio
Rizal’s Encounter with the Friar’s Spy
Pablo Mercado – assumed name of the spy who visited Rizal at his house and pretended
to be a relative by showing a photo of Rizal and a pair of buttons with the initials P.M.
as evidence of kinship.
• The spy offered to be Rizal’s courier of letters for the patriots in Manila.
• The spy stayed in Dapitan and spread talks among the people that he was a relative to
Rizal.
• Rizal went to the comandancia and reported the impostor to Captain Juan Sitges
(successor of Carnicero)
• Sitges ordered Pablo Mercado’s arrest and told Anastacio Adriatico to investigate
him immediately.
• The secret mission of Pablo Mercado was not an assassination attempt but espionage
As Physician in Dapitan
● Dona Teodora
● Don Ignacio
Tumarong
● Don Florencio
Azcarraga
● Rizal prescribed
medicinal plants to
his poor patients.
Water System for
Dapitan
●As a perito agrimensor (expert
surveyor), Rizal applied his
engineering knowledge by
constructing a system of
waterworks to furnish clean
water to the townspeople
●Mr. H.F. Cameron –American
engineer who praised Rizal for
his engineering ingenuity.
Community Projects for
1.Drained the marshes to get rid
of malaria that was infesting
Dapitan
Dapitan
2.Equipped the town with
lighting system using P500 one
of his patients paid him. The
lighting system consisted of:
a.Coconut oil lamps
3.Beautified the town of
Dapitan by remodeling the town
plaza and making a huge relief
map of Mindanao out of earth,
Rizal established a school in
Dapitan which was attended by Rizal as Teacher
16 young boys from prominent
families. He taught them
reading, writing in English and
Spanish, geography, history,
mathematics, industrial work,
nature study, morals and
gymnastics. He encouraged
them to engage in sports
activities as well.
●Hymn to Talisay - A poem
Rizal wrote in honor of Talisay
which he made his pupils sing
Contributions to Science
1.Built up a rich collection of
concology (consisting of 346 shells
of 203 species)
2.Discovered rare specimens like:
a.Draco rizali (a flying dragon)
b. Apogonia rizali (a small

beetle)
c.Rhacophorus rizali (a rare frog)
3.Conducted anthropological,
ethnographical, archaeological,
geological and geographical studies.
Linguistic Studies
Continuing his study of languages,
Rizal learned in Dapitan:
1.Bisayan
2.Subanum
3.Malay languages
He knew by that time 22 languages as

follows
Tagalog, Malay, Ilokano, Hebrew,

Bisayan, Sanskrit, Subanum, Dutch,
Spanish, Catalan Latin, Italian Greek,
Chinese, English, Japanese, French,
Portuguese, German, Swedish, Arabic,
Russian
Asrtistics Works in Dapitan
To pursue his artistic activities, Rizal
1.Contributed paintings to the Sisters of

Charity who were preparing the sanctuary of
the Holy Virgin
2.Made sketches of persons and things

that attracted him in Dapitan
3.Modeled a statuette called “The

Mother’s Revenge” to stress the moral of the
incident where a puppy of his dog, Syria, was
eaten by a crocodile
4.Constructed a statue of a girl called “The

Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of Josephine
Bracken (Rizal’s wife)
5.Made a bust of St. Paul for Father

Rizal as Farmer
● Rizal acquired total land holdings
of 70 hectares where 6,000 hemp
plants, 1,000 coconut trees and
numerous fruit trees, sugarcane, corn,
coffee and cacao were planted.
● He planned to establish an
agricultural colony in Sitio Ponot
because it was ideal for raising cacao,
coffee, coconuts and cattle. However,
this did not materialize due to lack of
support from the government
Rizal as Businessman
• Ramon Carreon – Rizal’s business partner in

Dapitan Rizal made profitable business ventures in
fishing, copra and hemp industries.
• Hemp industry – Rizal’s most profitable

business
• Rizal also engaged in lime manufacturing.

Their lime burner had a monthly capacity of more
than400 bags of lime
• He organized the Cooperative Association of

Dapitan Farmers to break Chinese monopoly
Rizal’s Inventive Ability
Among Rizal’s inventions were:

1. Cigarette lighter which he sent as a
gift to Blumentritt called “sulpukan”
2. A wooden machine for making bricks
“My Retreat”
FEBRUARY 1895
Upon restoring her eyesight, Dona Teodora returned
to Manila. Seeing how busy Rizal is, she regretted
neglecting her muses. She requested Rizal to write
poetry. As a response, Rizal wrote “Mi Retiro”
relating his serene life as an exile in Dapitan
24 stanzas
Rizal and Josephine Bracken
•Josephine Bracken – Irish girl of sweet eighteen who was born on Hong Kong.
•Mr. Taufer became blind so he sought for an ophthalmic specialist. This is how Josephine
and Rizal met.
•Rizal and Josephine Bracken decided to get married but Father Obach refused to marry
them without the permission of Bishop of Cebu.
•Having no priests to marry them, Rizal and Josephine married themselves before the eyes
of God
•The two were happy for they were expecting for a baby. However, Rizal played a prank on
Josephine making her give birth to an eight-month baby boy. The baby lived for only three
hours. He was named “Francisco” in honor of Rizal’s father.
Rizal and the Katipunan
•Pio Valenzuela – emissary to Dapitan in order to inform Rizal
of the plan of Katipunan during the meeting at a little river
called Bitukang Manok.
•Venus – steamer Valenzuela boarded to reach Dapitan
•Raymundo Mata – blind man who came with Valenzuela to
camouflage his mission
Rizal objected Bonifacio’s project
because:
1.The people are not
ready for a revolution
2.Arms and funds must

first be collected before
raising the cry of
revolution.
Volunteers as Military Doctor in
Cuba
• When Cuba was under revolution and raging yellow

fever epidemic, Rizal wrote to Governor General Ramon
Blanco offering his services as military doctor.
• Governor Blanco later notified Rizal of the acceptance of
the offer. The notification came along with an instruction
of acquiring first a pass for Manila from the politico-
military commander of Dapitan.

Adios, Dapitan
•España – steamer which brought Rizal to Manila

from Dapitan
• Rizal was accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa,
Angelica (Narcisa’s daughter), his three nephews
and six pupils.
•As farewell, the town brass of Dapitan played the
dolorous Funeral March of Chopin.
•He stayed in Dapitan for four years, thirteen days
and a few hours.
"...wherever I go I would always be in
the hands of God who has in His
hands the destinies of man." -Jose
Rizal
Last Trip for
Abroad, (1896)
Rizal Misses Ship Departure for Spain

Going to Spain
July 31, August 19, 1896 Sept. 7, 1896
1896
August 6, August 30, 1896

1896 Outbreak of the
From Dapitan to Philippine
Manila Revolution Rizal in Singapore
_____
_____
_____

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Exile in Dapitan,

August a poem for his

Rizal won in Manila

• The debate started when Pastells sent Rizal a book by

September 1, 1892 November11, 1892 January 9, 1893 April 4, 1893

October 12, 1892 December 8, 1892 February 2, 1893 April , 1893

1. Pastells gave Rizal a copy of Imitacion deCristo

•Mr. Juan Lardet - purchased many logs (some of the

•March 30, 1893- Lardet wrote a letter to Rizal

2.Discovered rare specimens like:

 a.Draco rizali (a flying dragon)

 b. Apogonia rizali (a small

 He knew by that time 22 languages as

Tagalog, Malay, Ilokano, Hebrew,

 1.Contributed paintings to the Sisters of

 2.Made sketches of persons and things

 3.Modeled a statuette called “The

 4.Constructed a statue of a girl called “The

 5.Made a bust of St. Paul for Father

• Ramon Carreon – Rizal’s business partner in

• Hemp industry – Rizal’s most profitable

• Rizal also engaged in lime manufacturing.

• He organized the Cooperative Association of

Among Rizal’s inventions were:

2.Arms and funds must

• When Cuba was under revolution and raging yellow

•España – steamer which brought Rizal to Manila

Rizal Misses Ship Departure for Spain

August 6, August 30, 1896

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a.Draco rizali (a flying dragon)

b. Apogonia rizali (a small

He knew by that time 22 languages as

1.Contributed paintings to the Sisters of

2.Made sketches of persons and things

3.Modeled a statuette called “The

4.Constructed a statue of a girl called “The

5.Made a bust of St. Paul for Father

• Ramon Carreon – Rizal’s business partner in

• Hemp industry – Rizal’s most profitable

• Rizal also engaged in lime manufacturing.

• He organized the Cooperative Association of