PDF Guia para El Establecimeinto y Georreferenciacion de Puntos Geodesicos 03062021 F - Compress
PDF Guia para El Establecimeinto y Georreferenciacion de Puntos Geodesicos 03062021 F - Compress
PDF Guia para El Establecimeinto y Georreferenciacion de Puntos Geodesicos 03062021 F - Compress
O\ËM RMTM LC
LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
HL R\EXNW OLNHÀW@GNW
MGX\MC@ZMHN MC 424=
Wudh`rlgg`÷e hl Olnhl
Olnhls`m
s`m y Xnpnormaëm
H@TLGG@×E HL GMXMWXTN
Jue`n, 424=
@EH@GL
GMR@X\CN @ ..........................
...................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
.............................. <
=. @EXTNH\GG@×E ....................................................................
................................................................................................................
............................................ <
4. NDJLX@QNW .......................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
................................. <
4.=. Ndjlt`vn Olelrmc .........................................................
.....................................................................................................
............................................ <
4.4. Ndjlt`vns Lsplg`a`gns ........................................................................................... <
7. DMWL CLOMC ...............................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
...................... 1
7.=. CLP ]\L LWXMDCLGL KLH@HMW GNKRCLKLEXMT@MW
GNKRCLKLEXMT@MW RMTM C M
RTNKNG@×E HLC MGGLWN M CM RTNR@LHMH ANTKMC - CLP Eº 72?==. 1
7.4. HLGTLXN CLO@WCMX@QN Eº =71<. ..................................................................... 1
7.7. HLGTLXN W\RTLKN Eº 22=-4242-Q@Q@LE
22=-4242-Q@Q@LEHM
HM ................................................ ?
7.8. TLOCMKLEXN HL NTOME@ZMG@×E P A\EG@NELW HLC NTOME@WKN
HL ANTKMC@ZMG@×E HL CM RTNR@LHMH @EANTKMC (TNA ‗ GNANRT@). ?
7.<. HLC @EWX@X\XN OLNOTÍA@GN EMG@NEMC (@OE). ........................................ ?
7.1. HLC W@WXLKM EMG@NEMC @EXLOTMHN HL @EANTKMG@×E GMXMWXTMC
RTLH@MC - WEGR ....................................................................................................... 6
8. A@EMC@HMH .........................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... 0
<. MC
MCGMEGL
GMEGL ...........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................... 0
1. TLWRNEWMD@C@HMH ........................................................................................................ 0
GMR@X\CN @@ .............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. =2
=. LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN HL R\EXNW OLNHÀW@GNW. ................................................. =2
4. HLA@E@G@NELW..........................
.............................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.................... =2
7. GNEW@HLTMG@NELW OLNHÀW@GMW .................................................................. =?
7.=. Tl
Tlh
h Olnhàs`gm
Olnhàs`g m Rl
Rlrumem
rumem hl Kne`t nrln Gnet `eun (TL
(TLORK
ORKNG)
NG) ................ =?
7.4. Lc`psn`hl Olnhàs`gn hl Tlalrleg`m ................................................................ =6
8. GNEW@HLTMG@NELW HL WLO\T@HMH P WMC\H LE LC XTMDMJN, LE
KMTGN HLC LWXMHN HL LKLTOLEG@M WME@XMT@M M E@QLC EMG@NEMC GNQ@H-
=0 =6
8.=. Tlsnc
Tlsncug
ug`÷
`÷eeh
hll Olrleg`m Olelr
Olelrmc
mc Eº 2=6
2=6-424
-4242-G
2-GNANRT
NANRT@/OO
@/OO ................... =6
8.4. Tlsnc
Tlsncug
ug`n
`nee JJlamtu
lamturmc
rmc E² 240-42
240-4242-G
42-GNANRT
NANRT@/NM-\T
@/NM-\TTFF
TFF .........
..........................
................. =6
=6
8.7. Rrntn gnc
gncnn hl Wlour`h mh pmrm cm Rrlvl Rrlvleg` eg` ÷e hlc GNQ GNQ@H-= @H-=0, 0, l lee cm
Ljlgug`÷
Ljlgug`÷ e hl Mgt`v`h mhls Gm Gmtmstrmcls
tmstrmcls ‗ HG. Tlv`smhm y mgtumc`zmhm m mdr`c
hl 424=. Melxn 27. ..............................................
...................................................................................................
..................................................... =6
=6
8.8. Lclkletns h l W
Wlour`
lour`hmh
hmh y Wmcuh le lc Xrmdmjn ........................................... =0
4
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
7
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
8
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
GMR@X\CN @
=. @EXTNH\GG@×E
4. NDJLX@QNW
4.=..
4.= Ndjlt`v
Ndjlt`vnn Olel
Olelrmc
rmc
Lstmdclglr cns prnglh`k`letns, enrkms y lx`oleg`ms pmrm cns trmdmjns hl
clvmetmk`letn olnhàs`gn klh`metl lc W`stlkm hl Rns`g`nemk`letn
Ocndmc, qul plrk`tm gukpc`r gne cns clvmetmk`letns tnpnoría`gns y
antnormkàtr`gns le lc íkd`tn hl cns prnylgtns qul sl ljlgutle le lc
kmrgn hlc Rcme hl Gmtmstrn \tjmw` y lc Gmtmstrn gne A`els hl
Anrkmc`zmg`ne, prnglh`k`letn mhlgumhn le kmrgn hlc lstmhn hl
lklroleg`m sme`tmr`m m e`vlc emg`nemc pnr lc GNQ@H-=0.
4.4.
4.4. Ndjlt`vns Lsplg`a`gns
Hla`e`r cms gmrmgtlr
gmrmgtlrëst`gms
ëst`gms m tlelr le guletm le cm cngmc`zmg`÷e y
kmtlr`mc`zmg`÷e hl puetns hl gnetrnc olnhàs`gn, le tnhms cms ltmpms
hlc prnglsn hl olnrrlalrleg`mg`÷e, le dmsl m cns prnglh`k`letns
<
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
7. DMWL CLOMC
1
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
?
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
a) Klh`metl Tlsn
Tlsncug`÷e
cug`÷e Jla
Jlamturmc
mturmc Eº =7=-42
=7=-42=6/@OE/HG/HRO,
=6/@OE/HG/HRO, sl hm pnr
pnr
gnegcu`hn lkpcln hl puetns olnhàs`gns pnr fmdlr mgukucmhn
hlspcmzmk`letns lxgls`vns,
Lstmg`nels hl Tmstrln y rlgnk`lehme
Rlrkmeletl lc lkpcln
hl cm Tlh Olnhàs`gm hl cms
Rlrumem hl
Kne`tnrln Gnet`eun (TLORKNG).
6
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
M.? W`st
W` stlkm
lkm Oln
Olnhàs
hàs`g
`gn
nh hll Tlalr
Tlalrleg
leg`m
`m::
Cns puetns hl gnetrnc qul sl ut`c`gle le lc clvmetmk`letn gmtmstrmc
hldlríe `r rlalr`hns mc Kmrgn Olnhàs`gn Na`g`mc y pnhríe slr
lstmdclg`hns tmetn pnr lc @est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc (@OE) gnkn pnr
cms Kue`g`pmc`hmhls
Kue`g`pmc`hmhls n Let`hmhls Olelrmhnrms hl gmtmstrn.
8. A@EMC@HMH
<. MCGMEGL
Cm prlsletl ouëm hltmccm cns prnglh`k`letns qul cms Na`g`ems Znemcls hldle
slou`r pmrm ut`c`zmr hl anrkm gnrrlgtm y la`g`letl cns W`stlkms hl Rns`g`nemk`letn
pnr smtàc`tl, y cns prnglh`k`letns pmrm lstmdclglr y hla`e`r gne prlg`s`÷e cm
pns`g`÷e hl ue puetn olnhàs`gn le lc lspmg`n gne a`els gmtmstrmcls,
lstmdclg`lehn cns prntngncns hl slour`hmh y smcuh le lc trmdmjn, mhnptmhns le cm
enrkmt`vm v`oletl.
1. TLWRNEWMD@C@HMH
Ls rlspnesmd`c`hmh hl cms Na`g`ems Znemcls cm mpc`gmg`÷e hl lstm ouëm y cm
`kpclkletmg`÷e
`kpclklet mg`÷e hl cns prntngncns hl slour`hmh y smcuh le lc trmdmjn, gnegnrhmetl
gneg nrhmetl
gne cm enrkmt`vm v`oletl y h`rlgt`vms `etlrems qul lk`tm cm let`hmh pmrm cns
trmdmjns hl gmkpn y omd`eltl ma`e hl mhnptmr cms mgg`nels prlvlet`vms y hl
rlspulstm pmrm rlhug`r lc r`lson hl prnpmomg`÷e y lc `kpmgtn sme`tmr`n hl cm
lealrklhmh gmusmhm pnr lc v`rus hlc GNQ@H-=0. Lstmrí suplrv`smhm pnr cm
H`rlgg`÷e hl Gmtmstrn (HG) y cm Na`g`em hl Gnnrh`emg`
Gnnrh`emg`÷e
÷e Hlsgletrmc`zmhm (NGH).
0
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
GMR@X\CN @@
=. LWXMD
LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN
CLG@K@LEXN HL R\EXNW OLNHÀW@GNW.
puetns,
klh`metlgnnrhlemhms
tlgencnoëms (cmt`tuh, cneo`tuh,
smtlc`tmcls OEWW. mcturm), sndrl cm suplra`g`l
Cm kmtlr`mc`zmg`÷e hl lstnstlrrlstrl
puetns
sndrl lc tlrrlen gnest`tuyl cm Tlh Olnhàs`gm Olngàetr`gm Emg`nemc (TLOOLE).
Ls pnr lstn qul tnhn clvmetmk`letn olnhls`gn hldl lstmr rlalr`hn mc W`stlkm
Olnhls`gn Na`g`mc, gneanrkmhn pnr cm Tlh Olnhls`gm Fnr`znetmc Na`g`mc y cm Tlh
Olnhls`gm Qlrt`gmc Na`g`mc, qul gnest`tuyl lc s`stlkm hl rlalrleg`m ue`gn m e`vlc
emg`nemc y sl leguletrm `etlormhn m cns W`stlkms hl Tlalrleg`ms Kueh`mcls
ut`c`zmhns mgtumckletl
mgtumckletl gnkn lc _nrch
_ nrch Olnhlt`g Wystlk 68 (_OW-68).
4. HLA@E@G@NELW
Mc
Mct`t` t uh
Ls cm h`stmeg`m vlrt`gmc hl ue nr`ole hltlrk`emhn m ue puetn suplra`g`mc hlc
tlrrlen (sndrl lc oln`hl), gnes`hlrmhn gnkn e`vlc glrn, pmrm lc qul sl sulcl
tnkmr lc e`vlc klh`n hlc kmr.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Mc
Mctu
tu rm
Ls cm h`stmeg`m vlrt`gmc rlsplgtn m ue pcmen mrd`trmr`mkletl tnkmhn gnkn
suplra`g`l hl e`vlc
e`vlc,, n rlsplgtn m uem suplr
suplra`g`l
a`g`l gurvm rlmc n `km
`kmo`emr`m
o`emr`m llclo`hm
clo`hm
gnkn suplra`g`l hl rlalrleg`m (vlrt`gmc letrl lc pcmen fnr`znetmc hlc ndslrvmhnr y
ue puetn lclvmhn).
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Mc
Mctu
tu rm hl
h l met
metlem
lem
Cm mcturm hl cm metlem ls cm h`stmeg`m vlrt`gmc hlshl cm kmrgm hlc tlrrlen mc puetn
hl rlalrleg`m hl cm metlem (MTR).
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Mkd`
Mk d` oólhmh
oó lhmh
@eglrt`hukdrl pnr ue eúklrn mrd`trmr`n hl g`gcns. Eúklrn letlrn hl g`gcns
hlsgneng`hn, hl cm amsl pnrtmhnrm rlgnestru`hm, gnetle`hn le ue gnejuetn hl
klh`hms gnet`eums. Lc rlglptnr guletm cms nehms hl rmh`n (letrl lc smtàc`tl y cm
metlem) gne ue e`vlc hl prlg`s`÷e mctn. En ndstmetl, lc rlglptnr en t`lel
`eanrkmg`÷e hlc eúklrn hl nehms qul sl levëme hlc smtàc`tl le lc knkletn le
qul lkplz÷ m gnetmr. Lstl eúklrn hl cneo`tuhls hl nehm hlsgneng`hn letrl lc
smtàc`tl y cm metlem, ls cm mkd`oólhmh. Xmkd`àe sl gnengl gnkn hlsv`mg`÷e hlc
letlrn.
@est`tutn hl @eanrkmg`÷e Lstmhëst`gm y Olnoría`gm hl Jmc`sgn
=2
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Gnnrhlemhms
Wne gmet`hmhls c`elmcls n meoucmrls qul hls`oeme cm pns`g`÷e ngupmhm pnr ue
puetn le ue s`stlkm hl rlalrleg`m.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Gnnrhlemhms Olnoría`gms
Wne cns Qmcnrls hl Cmt`tuh y hl Cneo`tuh qul `eh`gme cm pns`g`÷e fnr`znetmc hl ue
puetn sndrl cm suplra`g`l hl cm X`lrrm le ue kmpm.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Gnnrhlemhms pc mem
Gnnrhlemhms memss n prnylgtmhms
Wne cms qul rlsuctme hl prnylgtmr cm suplra`g`l hlc lc`psn`hl sndrl ue pcmen. Cns
puetns prnylgtmhns sne hls`oemhns pnr cm gnnrhlemhm V n Enrtl y cm
gnnrhlemhm P n Lstl, klh`hms sndrl hns ljls plrpleh`gucmrls, trmzmhns m pmrt`r
hl ue nr`ole hla`e`hn gnevleg`nemckletl hl h`st`etms kmelrms, sloúe slm lc
s`stlkm hl prnylgg`÷e lclo`hn.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Grnqu`s
Mpuetl n lsqulkm hl ue pcmen hl ud`gmg`÷e hl prlh`ns, n hl sus
gnestrugg`nels, qul plrk`tl gnenglr su cngmc`zmg`÷e n gmrmgtlrëst`gms pnr
rlalrleg`ms, ls mprnx`kmhn y s`e lsgmcm prlg`sm.
@est`tutn hl @eanrkmg`÷e Lstmhëst`gm y Olnoría`gm hl Jmc`sgn
Hmtuk
Ls ue gnejuetn hl puetns hl rlalrleg`m le cm suplra`g`l tlrrlstrl gne cns gumcls
cms klh`hms hl cm pns`g`÷e sne tnkmhms y ue knhlcn msng`mhn hl cm anrkm hl cm
t`lrrm (lc`psn`hl hl rlalrleg`m) pmrm hla`e`r lc s`stlkm hl gnnrhlemhms olnoría`gn.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Hmtuk fnr`znetmc
Hmtuk
Ruetn hl rlalrleg`m olnhàs`gn pmrm cns clvmetmk`letns hl gnetrnc fnr`znetmc, hlc
gumc sl gnengle cns vmcnrls: cmt`tuh, cneo`tuh y mz`kut hl uem cëelm m pmrt`r hl
lstl puetn y cns pmríkltrns hlc lc`psn`hl hl rlalrleg`m.
H`cug`÷e h l prlprlg`s`÷
g`s`÷ e hl pns`g` ÷e (Rns`t`ne H`cut` ne na Rrlg`s`÷e - R
RHN
HNR)
R)
Lxprlsm cm rlcmg`÷e letrl lc lrrnr le cm pns`g`÷e hlc usumr`n y lc lrrnr le cm
pns`g`÷e hlc smtàc`tl. @eh`gm lc knkletn le qul cm olnkltrëm hlc smtàc`tl pulhl
amg`c`tmr cns rlsuctmhns kís lxmgtns.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
==
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Lalkàr`hls OEW
OEWWW
Ls uem tmdcm hl vmcnrls qul hm cms pns`g`nels hl cns smtàc`tls OEWW le ue
knkletn hmhn. Lx`stle hns t`pns: Rrlg`sms y Xrmesk`t`hms.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
LOK 4226
Knhlcn kmtlkít`gn hl oln`hl m lsgmcm ocndmc hlsmrrnccmhn pnr cm Emt`nemc
Olnspmt`mc @etlcc`olegl Molegy (EOM) hl cns Lstmhns \e`hns hl Mkàr`gm le lc
mýn 4226. Wl trmtm hl ue knhlcn lstmdclg`hn pmrm cm trmesanrkmg`÷e letrl
mcturms.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Lc`psn`hl hl Tlalrleg`m
Ls cm suplra`g`l anrkmhm pnr cm rlvncug`÷e hl uem lc`psl mcrlhlhnr hl su ljl
klenr y usmhn gnkn hmtn hl gnkpmrmg`÷e le clvmetmk`letns olnhàs`gns hlc
ocndn tlrrlstrl. Ls cm a`ourm
a `ourm kmtlkít`gm qul kís sl mprnx`km mc Oln`hl, s`lehn
sleg`ccm hl hla`e`r kmtlkít`gmkle
kmtlkít`gmkletl.tl.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Lstmg`÷e
Ruetn hlc tlrrlen, m kleuhn `eh`gmhn pnr uem slýmc, hnehl sl gncngm lc
`estrukletn hl ndslrvmg`÷e pmrm lalgtumr klh`hms tnpnoría`gms n olnhàs`gms.
Lstmg`÷ e h
hll Tm
Tmstr
strln
ln Rlrkmeletl (LT(LTR)
R)
Ls uem `estmcmg`÷e a`jm guym ud`gmg`÷e sl fm hltlrk`emhn gne prlg`s`÷e y
lxmgt`tuh hnehl ue rlglptnr hlc OEWW rlglpg`nem cms slýmcls hl cns smtàc`tls y
uem `etlramgl hl `etlrelt, tlcla÷e`gm n rmh`mc lk`tl lstms slýmcls mc Gletrn hl
Rrnglsmk`letn.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Oln`hl
Cm suplra`g`l lqu`pntleg`mc hlc gmkpn hl ormvlhmh qul sl mjustm kljnr mc e`vlc
klh`n hlc kmr, ym slm cngmc n ocndmckletl.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
=4
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Olnrrlalrleg`mg`÷e
Xàge`gm pmrm hltlrk`emr lc pns`g`nemk`l
pns`g`nemk`letnetn olnhàs`gn hl let`hmhls emturmcls n
mrt`a`g`mcls gne cm a`emc`hmh hl hla`e`r cm ud`gmg`÷e olnoría`gm hl kmelrm prlg`sm y
lxmgtm le ue s`stlkm hl gnnrhlemhms y hmtuk olnhàs`gn lsplgëa`gn.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
OEWW (Ocndmc Emv`omt`ne Wmtlcc`tl Wystlks)
W`stlkm Ocndmc hl Emvlomg`÷e pnr Wmtàc`tl, ut`c`zmhn pmrm hlenk`emr mc gnejuetn
hl s`stlkms hl pns`g`nemk`letn smtlc`tmc l `egcuyl m cns mgtumcls EMQWXMT-
ORW, OCNEMWW y m cns eulvns s`stlkms hl cm \e`÷e Lurnplm OMC@CLN, lc
gf`en DL@HN\, lc jmpneàs ]ZWW y lc @eh`n @TEWW.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
ORW (Ocndmc Rns`t`ne`eo Wystlk)
W`stlkm hl Rns`g`nemk`letn Ocndmc. Ls ue s`stlkm dmsmhn le cm rmh`n-
emvlomg`÷e, qul gnes`stl hl uem gnestlcmg`÷e hl smtàc`tls y uem rlh hl
lstmg`nels tlrrlems usmhn pmrm lc kne`tnrln y gnetrnc. Cm rlh dís`gm lstí
gnkpulstm pnr 74 smtàc`tls ORW qul nrd`tme cm t`lrrm m uem mct`tuh mprnx`kmh
mprnx`kmhmm hl
42,222 i`c÷kltrns, dr`ehm m cns usumr`ns `eanrkmg`÷e prlg`sm sndrl cm pns`g`÷e, cm
vlcng`hmh y lc t`lkpn le gumcqu`lr pmrtl hlc kuehn y dmjn gumcqu`lr gneh`g`÷e hlc
gc`km.
Alhlrmc Mv`mt`ne Mhk`e`strmt`ne na \e`tlh Wtmtlh Hlpmrtklet na Xrmespnrtmt`ne
@XTA (@etlremt`nemc Xlrrlstr`mc Tlalrlegl Armkl)
Kmrgn hl Tlalrleg`m Xlrrlstrl @etlremg`nemc, W`stlkm hl rlalrleg`m ocndmc
ndtle`hn pnr lc Wlrv`g`n @etlremg`nemc hl Tntmg`÷e hl cm X`lrrm (@LTW, pnr sus
s`ocms le @eocàs) m pmrt`r hl uem sncug`÷e gnkd`emhm qul `egcuyl ndslrvmg`nels
ndslrvmg`nels
gmptmhms pnr h`vlrsms tàge`gms lspmg`mcls.
@est`tutn hl @eanrkmg`÷e Lstmhëst`gm y Olnoría`gm hl Jmc`sgn
Clvmetmk`letn Xnpnoría`gn
Clvmetmk`letn
Ls lc gnejuetn hl nplrmg`nels y kàtnhns qul hltlrk`em cm pns`g`÷e mdsncutm y
rlcmt`vm hl puetns hlc tlrrlen (emturmc y mrt`a`g`mc) sndrl ue pcmen fnr`znetmc. Cms
gmrmgtlrëst`gms aës`gms hlc tlrrlen vme m slr rlprlsletmhns hl anrkm oría`gm y m
lsgmcm gne cm `eanrkmg`÷
`eanrkmg`÷ee gmpturmhm pnr cns `estrukletns tnpnoría`gns.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Cëelm dmsl
Cëelm qul rlmc`zm uem klh`g`÷e tr`h`kles`nemc letrl hns lstmg`nels, le cms qul
sl fme gmpturmhn y prnglsmhn hmtns OEWW s`kuctíelns gne tàge`gms hl
h`alrleg`mg`÷e.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Kmrgn hl rlalrleg`m
Ls cm kmtlr`mc`zmg`÷e hl ue s`stlkm hl rlalrleg`m m trmvàs hl ue gnejuetn hl
lstmg`nels hl gnetrnc a`jms, lstmdclg`hms sndrl cm suplra`g`l tlrrlstrl pnr sus
rlsplgt`vms gnnrhlemhms y gnrrlspneh`letls vmr`mg`nels le lc t`lkpn.
=7
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Kísgmrm hl lclvmg`÷
lclvmg`÷e e
Ls lc íeoucn hl lclvmg`÷e këe`kn qul tlehríe cns lqu`pns OEWW pmrm rlg`d`r
slýmc hl cns smtàc`tls. Lstl íeoucn ls gnea`ourmdcl y sl gnes`hlrm gnkn `hlmc =2²
hl lclvmg`÷e pmrm lv`tmr prndclkms hl `etlralrleg`m gmusmhns pnr lh`a`g`ns,
írdncls y lrrnrls hl ku`ct`trmylgtnr`m.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Klr`h`men
Ls uem cëelm hl rlalrleg`m (slk`gërgucn) qul sl hla`el pnr su gnrrlspneh`letl
cneo`tuh, (gnkn lc klr`h`men hl Orllew`gf), qul vm hl pncn m pncn hlc ocndn
tlrríquln. Xnhns cns puetns qul plrtlelzgme mc k`skn klr`h`men sl
gmrmgtlr`zme pnr tlelr cm k`skm fnrm cngmc.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Klr`h`men hl Orllew`gf
Klr`h`men nr`ole qul pmsm pnr lc Ndslrvmtnr`n Tlmc hl Orllew`gf, l `eh`gm cns
glrn ormhns hl cneo`tuh, m pmrt`r hlc gumc sl k`hle tnhns cns klr`h`mens fmg`m lc
lstl y mc nlstl.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Rm
Rmrtls
rtls pnrhlc
Lxprls`÷e k
k`cc÷e
`cc÷e
lrrnr(ppk)
rlcmt`vn usmhn arlguletlkletl pmrm rlalr`rsl mc lrrnr le cm
hltlrk`emg`÷ee hl h`stmeg`ms.
hltlrk`emg`÷
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Rns`g`nemk`letn
Mgg`÷e pnr cm gumc sl hltlrk`eme cms gnnrhlemhms hl ue puetn gne rlsplgtn m
ue s`stlkm hl rlalrleg`m.
@est`tutn hl @eanrkmg`÷e Lstmhëst`gm y Olnoría`gm hl Jmc`sgn
Rns`g`nemk`letn h`alrleg`mc
Hltlrk`emg`÷e hl cms gnnrhlemhms hl ue puetn, klh`metl uem tàge`gm smtlc`tmc
le anrkm rlcmt`vm rlsplgtn hl uem lstmg`÷e dmsl.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Rns`g`nemk`letn Olnhàs`gn
Ls cm hltlrk`emg`÷e hl cms gnnrhlemhms olnhàs`gms (cmt`tuh, cneo`tuh y mcturm
lc`psn`hmc) hl cns puetns sndrl cm suplra`g`l tlrrlstrl n glrgm hl lstm, m a`e hl
hla`e`r gne prlg`s`÷e, cms rlcmg`nels lspmg`mcls lx`stletls letrl h`gfns puetns le
ue s`stlkm olnhàs`gn hltlrk`emhn
hltlrk`emhn..
@est`tutn hl @eanrkmg`÷e Lstmhëst`gm y Olnoría`gm hl Jmc`sgn
=8
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Rnst prnglsmk`letn
Rrnglh`k`letn qul sl rlmc`zm klh`metl prnormkms `eanrkít`gns lsplg`mc`zmhn
pmrm cm gnrrlgg`÷e y prnglsmk`letn hl hmtns gnclgtmhns le gmkpn gne cns
rlglptnrls OEWW olnhàs`gns, pnr klh`n hlc gumc, sl gmcgucme gnnrhlemhms
ut`c`zmehn mconr`tkns kmtlkít`gns kuy gnkpcljns y cnormehn kíx`kms
prlg`s`nels.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Rrlg`s`÷e
Ormhn hl gnes`stleg`m letrl cns vmcnrls ndslrvmhns hl uem hltlrk`emhm
kmoe`tuh n su rlplt`t`v`hmh dmsmhm le lc ormhn hl h`sgrlpmeg`m letrl cns vmcnrls
ndslrvmhns.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Ruetn Olnhàs`gn
Gneng`hn gnkn vàrt`gl olnhàs`gn, ls ue puetn slýmc`zmhn qul `eh`gm uem
pns`g`÷e olnoría`gm lxmgtm gneanrkmhm pnr uem rlh hl tr`meoucmg`÷e gne ntrns
vàrt`gls olnhàs`gns. Cm pns`g`÷e lxmgtm hl cns vàrt`gls s`rvm pmrm lcmdnrmr cns
kmpms tnpnoría`gns m lsgmcm, tmetn emg`nemcls gnkn rlo`nemcls.
@est`tutn hl @eanrkmg`÷e Lstmhëst`gm y Olnoría`gm hl Jmc`sgn
Tlh Olnhàs`gm
Tlh
Ls lc gnejuetn hl puetns hlenk`emhns vàrt`gls, kmtlr`mc`zmhns aës`gmkletl
sndrl lc tlrrlen, letrl cns gumcls sl fme rlmc`zmhn ndslrvmg`nels olnhàs`gms,
gne lc a`e hl hltlrk`emr su prlg`s`÷e tmetn le tàrk`ens mdsncutns gnkn rlcmt`vns.
\em rlh Olnhàs`gm ls cm lstrugturm qul snst`lel tnhm cm gmrtnormaëm hl ue
tlrr`tnr`n.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
TLORKNG
Tlh Olnhàs`gm Rlrumem hl Kne`tnrln Gnet`eun, gneanrkmhm pnr cms Lstmg`nels
hl Tmstrln Rlrkmeletl (LTR)
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Tlglptnr ORW/OEWW
Lqu`pn hl klh`g`÷e qul gmptm slýmcls lk`t`hms pnr cm gnestlcmg`÷e hl smtàc`tls
hlc ORW/OEWW.
@est`tutn hl @eanrkmg`÷e Lstmhëst`gm y Olnoría`gm hl Jmc`sgn
=<
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Wmtàc`tl
Lc ndjltn emturmc n flgfn pnr lc fnkdrl, qul nrd`tm gnet`eumkletl sndrl cm
suplra`g`l hl cm t`lrrm, n hl ntrn pcmeltm, n lstrlccm. \e smtàc`tl hl plrglpg`÷e
rlkntm cclvm uen n kís `estrukletns pmrm cm ormdmg`÷e hl `kíolels hl cm X`lrrm,
qul sl trmesk`tle m uem lstmg`÷e rlglptnrm klh`metl cms nehms
lclgtrnkmoeàt`gms.
@est`tutn hl @eanrkmg`÷e Lstmhëst`gm y Olnoría`gm hl Jmc`sgn
W@TOMW
W`stlkm hl Tlalrleg`m Olngàetr`gn pmrm cms Mkàr`gms. Gnest`tuyl uem
hles`a`gmg`÷e gnet`eletmc
gnet`eletmc hlc Kmrgn hl Tlalrleg`m Xlrrlstrl @@etlremg`nem
etlremg`nemcc (@X
(@XTA).
TA).
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Wncug`÷e
Cm sncug`÷ea`jmqul sl ndt`lel, gumehn lc prnglsmhnr hl cëelms dmsl rlsulcvl cm
dúsqulhm hl mkd`oólhmh y sl fme a`jmhn le sus vmcnrls letlrns, y cn fmgl gne
uem a`md`c`hmh qul cl plrk`tl slclgg`nemr lc kljnr gnejuetn hl letlrns.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
Wncug`÷e acntmetl
Wl ndt`lel gumehn lc prnglsmhnr hl cëelms dmsl en ls gmpmz hl rlsncvlr cm
dúsqulhm hl mkd`oólhmh hlc letlrn gne sua`g`letl a`md`c`hmh y, pnr cn tmetn, en
cnorm slclgg`nemr lc kljnr gnejuetn hl letlrns. Wl hlenk`em ‖acntmetl‐ pnrqul cm
mkd`oólhmh `egcuyl uem pmrtl armgg`nemr`m.
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
\XK
\e`vlrsmc Xrmesvlrsm hl Klrgmtnr, ls ue s`stlkm hl gnnrhlemhms dmsmhn le cm
prnylgg`÷e gmrtnoría`gm trmesvlrsm hl Klrgmtnr, qul sl gnestruyl gnkn cm
prnylgg`÷e hl Klrgmtnr enrkmc, plrn le vlz hl fmglrcm tmeoletl mc Lgumhnr, sl
cm fmgl slgmetl m ue klr`h`men.
@est`tutn hl @eanrkmg`÷e Lstmhëst`gm y Olnoría`gm hl Jmc`sgn
_OW =068 (_nrch Olnhlt`g Wystlk =068)
W`stlkm Olnhàs`gn Kueh`mc hl =068. Ls ue s`stlkm hl gnnrhlemhms olnoría`gms
kueh`mc qul plrk`tl cngmc`zmr gumcqu`lr puetn hl cm X`lrrm (s`e elgls`tmr ntrn hl
rlalrleg`m) pnr klh`n hl trls ue`hmhls hmhms. Wl trmtm hl ue s`stlkm hl
rlalrleg`m grlmhn pnr cm Moleg`m hl Kmpln hlc Hlpmrtmkletn hl Hlalesm hl cns
Lstmhns \e`hns hl Mkàr`gm (Hlalesl Kmpp`eo Molegy - HKM).
@est`tutn Olnoría`gn Emg`nemc hlc Rlrú
=1
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
7. GNEW@HLTMG@NELW OLNHÀW@GMW
7.=..
7.= Tl
Tlh
h Olnhàs`gm Rlrumem hl Kne`t
Kne`tnrln
nrln Gnet`
Gnet`eun
eun (TL
(TLORK
ORKNG)
NG)
=?
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
7.4..
7.4 Lc`ps
Lc`psn`h
n`hl
l Olnhàs`gn hl Tl
Tlalrleg`
alrleg` m
8. GNEW@HLTMG@NELW H
HL
L WLO\T
WLO\T@HMH
@HMH P WMC\H LE LC XTMD
XTMDMJ
MJN,
N, LE
KMTGN HLC LWXMHN HL LKLTOLEG@M WME@XMT@M M E@QLC EMG@NEMC
GNQ@H-=0
8.=. Tlsnc
Tlsncug
ug`÷
`÷e
e hl Olrleg
Olrleg`m
`m Olelrmc Eº 2=6-4
2=6-4242
242-GNAN
-GNANRT@/
RT@/OO
OO
H`spns`g`nels le lc íkd`tn cmdnrmc hlc nrome`skn hl anrkmc`zmg`÷e hl cm
prnp`lhmh `eanrkmc ‗ Gnanpr`, pmrm lc gukpc`k`letn hl cms klh`hms
lxglpg`nemcls y tlkpnrmcls qul dusgme prlvle`r cm prnpmomg`÷e hlc
gnv`h-=0 m e`vlc emg`nemc. Melxn 2=.
8.4. Tlsnc
Tlsncug
ug`n
`nee Jlamt
Jlamturmc
urmc E² 240-4
240-4242
242-GNA
-GNANRT@/
NRT@/NM-\TTF
NM-\TTFF F
Rcme pmrm cm Q`o`cmeg`m, Rrlvleg`÷e y Gnetrnc hl GNQ@H-=0
GNQ@H -=0 hlc Nrome`skn
hl Anrkmc`zmg`÷e hl cm Rrnp`lhmh @eanrkmc ‗ GNANRT@. Melxn 24.
8.7..
8.7 Rrntn gnc
gncn
n hl Wlour`h
Wlour`hmh
mh pmrm cm Rrlvleg`÷e hlc GN GNQ@H
Q@H-=0
-=0,, le cm
Ljlgug`÷
Ljlgug`÷ e hl Mgt
Mgt`v`hmhls
`v`hmhls Gmtmstrmcl
Gmtmstrmclss ‗ HG. Tlv`smhm y mgtumc`zmhm m
mdr`c hl 424=. Melxn 27.
=6
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
8.8..
8.8 Lclkletns hl Wlour`hmh y Wmcuh le lc Xrmdmjn
=0
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
DMWL E@QLCMEXL GNE RCNKMHM NRX@GM: NRX@GM: ls uem pcmgm hl a`jmg`÷e qul
sl ut`c`zm pmrm ue`r ue `estrukletn tnpnoría`gn, pnr ljlkpcn: cm metlem OEWW
m ue trëpnhl. Lc k`skn sl ut`c`zm pmrm mpcnkmr cm pns`g`÷e hl cm metlem ORW
mc ljl hl lstmg`÷e hlc puetn olnhàs`gn qul sl qu`lrl klh`r. (A`ourm 7)
TLGLRXNT OEWW:
OEWW: lqu`pn hlc s`stlkm hl pns`g`nemk`letn ocndmc OEWW,
hl orme prlg`s`÷e, lkpclmhn pmrm klh`r cm pns`g`÷e olnhàs`gm, sloúe lc
kàtnhn hl clvmetmk`letn m lclo`r Lstít`gn, TIX n RRI, le gmhm uen hl cns
puetns m klh`r. A`ourm 8: Tlglptnr T? OEWW Xr`kdcl y A`ourm <: Tlglptnr
=422 OEWW Cl`gm.
42
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
A`ourm 8: Tlglptnr T? OEWW Xr`kdcl A`ourm <: Tlglptnr =422 OEWW Cl`gm
m. Metlem OEWW:
Ls ue h`spns`t`vn mc gumc v`lel s`lkprl rlalr`hn eulstrn pns`g`nemk`letn,
rlg`dl y mkpc`a`gm cm slýmc rlg`d`hm hl cns smtàc`tls, lstí gnelgtmhm m
trmvàs hl ue prlmkpc`a`gmhnr mc rlglptnr, h`rlgtmkletl n klh`metl gmdcl.
Cm k`s`÷e hl cm metlem ls cm hl gnevlrt`r cm lelroëm lclgtrnkmoeàt`gm qul
rlg`dl le gnrr`letl lcàgtr`gm qul m su vlz pmsm mc rlglptnr. A`ourm 1,
A`ourm ?.
4=
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
d. Tlglptnr OEWW:
Nrhlemhnr qul hlgnh`a`gm cm slýmc rlg`d`hm pnr cm metlem y rlo`strm cms
ndslrvmg`nels, lc rlglptnr ORW gnestm hl uem slr`l hl lclkletns qul sl
legmrome hl cm rlglpg`÷e hl cms rmh`narlguleg`ms lev`mhms pnr cns
smtàc`tls. Mhlkís, sulcle pnsllr h`alrletls gmemcls pmrm slou`r
s`kuctíelmkletl m vmr`ns smtàc`tls, ue prnglsmhnr `etlren gne su
gnrrlspneh`letl snpnrtl c÷o`gn, uem ue`hmh hl klknr`m pmrm lc
mckmglemk`letn
gnkue`gmg`÷e gne hl cm `eanrkmg`÷e,
lc usumr`n, h`alrletlstlgcmhn hl pmrm
gnelgtnrls gnetrnc, pmetmccm
aueg`nels hl
vmr`ms
y uem auletl hl mc`kletmg`÷e `etlrem n lxtlrem. (A`ourm 6 y 0)
44
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
1.=.
1.=. Ruetn olnhàs`gn Xnpnoría`gn hl Nrhle –G‛
1.4.
1.4. Ruetn hl Mpnyn Antnormkàtr`gn - RMA
1.7..
1.7 Lstmg`÷ e Dmsl hl Mpny
Mpnynn
47
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
6.=..
6.= Rcmelm
Rcmelmk`let
k`letnn hl cns trmdmjns hl olnrr
olnrrlalrleg`mg`
lalrleg`mg`÷e
÷e
48
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
6.=.=.
6.=.=. Tlspnesmd` c`h mh hl cm Na`g` em Znemc
Ljlkpcn:
• Rmrm lc gmsn hl ue prnylgtn hl gmtmstrn
gmtmstrn,, sl snc`g`tmrí lc gnevle`n
susgr`tn gne lc ond`lren cngmc, cns k`skns qul hldlríe gnetlelr cns
gnkprnk`sns hletrn hlc kmrgn hlc Rcme \tjmw`.
6.=.4.
6.=.4. Rcmelm
Rcmelmk`let
k`letnn pmrm lc Lstmdclg`k
Lstmdclg`k`letn
`letn hl Ruetns Olnhàs`gns
Lc lsplg`mc`stm hl cm Na`g`em Znemc rlspnesmdcl hl cm olelrmg`÷e hl
uem gmrtnormaëm úe`gm, pr`knrh`mc pmrm olelrmr cm dmsl oría`gm,
rlmc`zmrí cms s`ou`letls mgt`v`hmhls:
m) Lc Lsplg`mc`
Lsplg`mc`stm
stm le Olnhls`m, snc`g`tmrí cm `eanrkmg`÷e y
hngukletmg`÷e
hngukletmg` ÷e gnrrlspneh`letl, rlalrletl mc prnylgtn hl gmtmstrn m
ljlgutmrsl, pmrm lc lstmdclg`k`letn y olnrrlalrleg`mg`÷e hl cns
puetns olnhàs`gns.
4<
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Lc amgtnr hl lsgm
lsgmcm
cm gnkd
gnkd`emhn
`emhn lstmhëst`gn, cm k`s
k`skm
km qul
ls aueg`÷e
Le cm ltmpmhlhlccm pcmelmk`letn,
cmt`tuh olnhàs`gm
lstly amgtnr
cm mcturm
ls lc`psn`hmc.
gmcgucmhn
mprnx`kmhmkletl gne hmtns lxtrmëhns hlc prnormkm
Onnocl Lmrtf y ue prnormkm lcmdnrmhn pnr cm
Wudh`rlgg`÷e hl Olnhls`m y Xnpnormaëm.
Lc rlc`lvl hl cm suplra`g`l
suplra`g`l hlc tlrrlen, lc ormhn hl
gnesnc`hmg`÷e hl cms írlms urdmems y lc h`emk`k`skn
pndcmg`nemc.
41
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
a) Wl vlr`a`gmr
vlr`a`gmríí lc aueg`nemk`let
aueg`nemk`letnn hl cm lstmg`÷e hl rmstrln plrkmeletl
(LTR) kís pr÷x`km mc íkd`tn hlc prnylgtn.
o) Wl gnnrh`emrí gne cns ls lsplg`mc`stms
plg`mc`stms hhll antnormkltrë
antnormkltrëmm hl cm nna`g`em
a`g`em
znemc pmrm lc pcmelmk`letn hl cns puetns hl mpnyn antnormkàtr`gn
(RMA), cns k`skns qul le cm h`str`dug`÷e y hles`a`gmg`÷e pnhríe
slr hl ut`c`hmh le lc clvmetmk`letn antnormkàtr`gn
antnormkàtr`gn y tnpnoría`gn hlc
prnylgtn qul sl rlqu`lrm.
6.=.7.
6.=.7. Lcmdnrmg` ÷e hlc Rcme hl Xrmdmjn
qul mgt`v`hmhls
hl cl dr`ehmrí cmn pns`d`c`hmh
pmsns m hl lstrugturmr
rlmc`zmr, y nrome`zmr
lstmdclglr ue gnejuetn
guícls sne cms
pr`nr`hmhls y hltlrk`emr ue grnenormkm le lc gumc sl hldl
hlsmrrnccmr h`gfn pcme m a`e hl mcgmezmr cns ndjlt`vns prnpulstns. Xnhm
cm hngukletmg`÷e slrí rlk`t`hm le anrkmtn RHA m cm Wudh`rlgg`n
Wudh`rlgg`nee hl
Olnhls`m y Xnpnormaëm.
m) Rcme hl Xrmdmjn
4?
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
W` h`v`h`knsuetnhms
ms`oemkns cms hl
plrënhn tmrlms qulpnhrlkns
t`lkpn, tlelkns lstmdclglr
qul cclvmr hl
m gmdn
anrkmykís
cls
nrome`zmhm guíetn vmkns m tmrhmr le gneslou`r mcgmezmr eulstrn
ndjlt`vn.
Lstrmtlo`m (Cnoëst`gm):
Gnes`stl le lc rlqulr`k`letn hl flrrmk`letms, kmtlr`mcls, lqu`pns
y knv`c`hmh pmrm lc hlsmrrnccn y ljlgug`÷e hlc Rcme hl Xrmdmjn, qul
gnecclvl mc gukpc`k`letn hl cns ndjlt`vns hlc prnylgtn hl
clvmetmk`letn
clvmetmk`le tn gmtmstrmc le cns íkd`tns susgr`tns.
Ms`k`skn, sl olst`nemrí slour`hmh pnc`g`mc n slrlemzon, pmrm
mqulccns cuomrls hletrn hlc íkd`tn hlc prnylgtn, hnehl cm
slour`hmh hlc plrsnemc y lqu`pns lstàe le r`lson hl morls`÷e n
rndn.
Tlspnesmd`c`h
Tlspnesmd`c`hmhls
mhls (Rlrsnemc hl mpnyn):
Ls lc plrsnemc hl cm Na`g`em Znemc, hls`oemhns pmrm cns trmdmjns
hl clvmetmk`letn antnormkàtr`gn, olnhàs`gn y tnpnoría`gn,
rlspnesmdcl hlc prnglsn hl clvmetmk`letn gmtmstrmc le lc íkd`tn
hls`oemhn.
46
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Tlgursns (Rrlsupulstn):
Gnkprlehl cm ms`oemg`÷e prlsupulstmc pmrm lc mcqu`clr hl
lqu`pns, gnkprm hl kmtlr`mcls l `esukns y ntrns omstns qul
hlkmehl cm ljlgug`÷e hl cm mgt`v`hmh hl olnrrlalrleg`mg`÷e. Wlrí
olst`nemhm npnrtuemkletl
npnrtuemkletl pnr cm Na`g`em Znemc, pmrm qul sl `e`g`l
cms mgt`v`hmhls hl gmkpn.
g) Mckmglem
Mckmglemk`letn
k`letn hl cm @eanrkmg`÷e.
40
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
6.4.
6.4. Lstmdclg`k`letn hl puetns olnhàs`gns
Lstm ltmpm gnkprlehl lc rlgneng`k`l
rlgneng`k`letn
etn y kmtlr`mc`zmg`
kmtlr`mc`zmg`÷e
÷e hl cns puetns
olnhàs`gns le dmsl mc pcmelmk`letn rlmc`zmhn le omd`eltl pnr cns
lsplg`mc`stms rlspnesmdcls hlc lstmdclg`k`letn y olnrrlalrleg`mg`÷e hl
puetns olnhàs`gns pmrm cm olelrmg`÷e hl cm gmrtnormaëm gmtmstrmc.
Mg gls`d
Mggls `d `c `h
`hmh,
mh, cns cuomrls hldle slr hl aíg`c mgglsn y mprnp`mhns
pmrm lc lstmg`nemk`letn hlc lqu`pn OEWW, lv`tmr le cn pns`dcl, írlms
pr`vmhms n prntlo`hms.
72
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Q`s`d`c`hmh, cns puetns hl gnetrnc fnr`znetmc hldle slr v`s`dcls pnr cn
klens m ntrn puetn olnhàs`gn, rlqu`s`tn auehmkletmc pmrm usn
tnpnoría`gn.
Gndlrturm
Gndlrtur m hlc lletnren
etnren , lc klh`n g`rguehmetl mc f`tn hldl lstmr c`drl
hl ndstrugg`nels pmrm lv`tmr lrrnr hl kuct`trmylgtnr`m n kuct`gmk`en
(A`ourm =8), g`lcn hlspljmhn sndrl cns =2º hlshl lc fnr`znetl.
7=
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
6.4.4. Kmtlr`mc`zmg`÷e
74
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
GFNT=
Kls Mýn
GNANRT@
77
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Rmrm cm `egrustmg`÷e
kneukletmg`÷e, hl cnsslr
pulhle puetns olnhàs`gns,plrkmeletls
`egrustmg`nels en elgls`tmrín
tlkpnrmcls, cns k`skns qul amg`c`tmrme su hles`a`gmg`÷e le lc
írlm hlc prnylgtn, mhlkís cm lcmdnrmg`÷e hl cms a`gfms
knenoría`gms lstmrí suplh`tmhm m su gneh`g`÷e hl tlkpnrmc.
Ljl hl Lstmg`÷e
78
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Algfm hl kneukletmg`÷
kneukletmg`÷e:e:
Cm algfm sl `kpr`k`rí le cm pmrtl gletrmc hl cm mrmehlcm, cm
k`skm qul hlsgr`d`rí lc kls le lc cmhn `zqu`lrhn y lc mýn le
cmhn hlrlgfn.
7<
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
d) Rmrm \sn
\sn Antno rmkàtr`gn:
71
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
6.7.
6.7. Ol
Olnrrlalrleg`mg`÷e
nrrlalrleg`mg`÷e hl puetn s olnhàs`gns
\em vlz gncngmhn cns puetns olnhàs`gns sl `e`g`mrí cm tnkm hl hmtns
klh`metl lc s`stlkm OEWW, cns hmtns sne rlo`strmhns pnr cns lqu`pns hl
gmkpn (TNQLT) le cns puetns olnhàs`gns lstmdclg`hn
lstmdclg`hnss pnr cms dr`omhms
hl rlgneng`k`l
rlgneng`k`letn.
etn.
7?
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Hnehl:
Xr ; X`lkpn hl rlo`strn
H ; H`stmeg`m hl cm dmsl mc rnvlr le Ik
Hldle qulhmr lsplg`a`gmhms cms prnp`lhmhls y pmrt`gucmr`hmhls hlc
letnren hlc puetn olnhàs`gn sndrl lc qul sl vm m rlmc`zmr cm klh`hm. En
sl mhk`t`ríe s`tumg`nels y ud`gmg`nels hnehl sl prnhuzgme mctlrmg`nels
y/n plrturdmg`nels le cm slýmc tmcls gnkn ndslrvmg`÷e hl puetns
olnhàs`gns pr÷x`kns m tnrrls lcàgtr`gms n hl tlclgnkue`gmg`nels,
tleh`hns lcàgtr`gns, lh`a`gmg`nels pnr leg`km hl cm kísgmrm hl lclvmg`÷e,
ltg.
Rmrm `e`g`mr
s`ou`letl cm klh`g`÷e hl puetns olnhàs`gns sl hldl tlelr le guletm lc
prnglh`k`letn:
6.7.=.
6.7.=. Lstmg`
Lstmg`nemk`let
nemk`letn
n hlc rlglptn
rlglptnrr T
Tnvlr
nvlr OEW
OEWW
W
76
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
6.7.4.
6.7.4. Gnea` our
ourmg`÷e
mg`÷e hlc rlglptn
rlglptnrr
70
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
6.7.7.
6.7.7. Tlo`str
Tlo`strnn hl hmtns le cm c`d
c`drltm
rltm hl gmkpn
82
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
6.8..
6.8 Rnst prn glsn le omd`eltl
6.8.
6.8.=.
=. Rnst prnglsn hl `eanrk mg`÷e
Lc prnglsmk`letn hl `eanrkmg`÷e, sl rlmc`zmrí le dmsl m cns
prntngncns lstmdclg`hns le cm Wudh`rlgg`÷e hl Olnhls`m y
Xnpnormaëm.
Wl ut`c`zmrí cns prnormkms olnhàs`gns Xr`kdcl Dus`els Gletlr (XDG)
y Cl`gm Oln Naa`gl (CON) gne c`gleg`m pmrm cm WOX.
8=
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
Xlqg, prnormkm hl mgglsn c`drl grlmhn pnr cm \e`vlrs`hmh
G`letëa`gm \EMQGN, aueg`nem le lc letnren HNW. Gnev`lrtl
`eanrkmg`÷e hl gumcqu`lr kmrgm OEWW.
84
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
6.8.7.
6.8.7. Dmsl hl hmtns hl cm `ea
`eanrk
nrkmg`÷e
mg`÷e olnhàs`gm
87
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
6.<.
6.<. Lcm
Lcmdnrmg`÷e
dnrmg`÷e y rlk`s`÷e hl `eanr
`eanrkl
kl tàge`gn.
Clvmetmk`letn
n
olnhàs`gn
Rcmelmk`letn
n Clvmetmk`let
Clvmetmk`letnn hl `eanrkmg`÷e
n Rrnglsmk`letn
Rrnhugtns ndtle`hns
Gnegcus`nels
Tlgnklehmg`nels
88
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
O\ËM RMTM LC LWXMDCLG@K@LEXN P OLNTTLALTLE
OLNTTLALTLEG@MG@×E
G@MG@×E HL R\EXNW
OLNHÀW@GNW
a) Antnorma
Antnormaëms
ëms gnh`a`gmhms sloúe g÷h`on hl puetn, kíx`kn gumtrn antns pnr
puetn.
o) Gumhrn hl Hmtns Xà
Xàge`gns
ge`gns le anrkmtn R
RHA.
HA.
=2. MELVNW
=2.=. MELVN 2=: RTNXNGNCN HL WLWLO\T@HMH
O\T@HMH RM
RMTM
TM CCM
M RTLQ
RTLQLEG@×E
LEG@×E
HLC GNQ@H-=0, LE CM LJLG\G@×E HL MGX@Q@HMHLW
GMXMWXTMCLW.
=2.4. MELVN 24: KNHLCN HL A@GFM KNENOTMA@GM
=2.7. MELVN 27: LWRLG@A@GMG@NELW HL KNCHLW
=2.8. MELVN 28: KNHLCN HL C@DTLXM HL GMKRN
=2.<. MELVN 2<: KNHLCN HL G\MHTN HL HMXNW XLGE@GNW
8<
W\DH@TLGG@×E HL OLNHLW@M P XNRNOTMAËM - HG
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@×E P GNEXTNC
HL GNQ@H-=0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW
GMXMWXTMCLW HL GMKRN
H@TLGG@×E HL GMXMWXTN
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
Gnetle`hn
@EXTNH\GG@×E .............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. 4
=) NDJLX@QN ...............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................... 7
4) MCGMEGL.............................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................... 7
7) TLWRNEWMD@C@HMHLW.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. 7
8) DMWL CLOMC P HNG\KLEXMG@NE TLALTLEG@MC ...................................................................
................................................................... 7
<) GNEW@HLTMG@NELW OLELTMCLW HLC GNQ@H-=0 ....................................................................
.................................................................... <
<.= Knhn
Kn hn hl trmesk`s`÷e ..................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
........ <
<.4 Rlr`nhn hl `egudmg`÷e
` egudmg`÷e ........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................ <
=
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
@EXTNH\GG@×E
Fmstm cm algfm en sl h`spnel hl uem vmguem pmrm gnkdmt`r cms `ealgg`nels pnr gnrnemv`rus,
pnr lsn, gnenglr g÷kn sl trmesk`tle ls auehmkletmc pmrm lstmdclglr
lstmdclglr klh`hms hl prlvleg`÷e9
cns gnrnemv`rus sne v`rus hl trmesk`s`÷e màrlm, sl trmesk`tle pnr vëm rlsp`rmtnr`m m trmvàs hl
cms ontms qul prnhugle cns pnrtmhnrls gumehn tnsle, lstnreuhme n fmdcme.
Lstms slgrlg`nels gnet`lele pmrtëgucms v`rmcls qul pulhle mcgmezmr m plrsnems glrgmems n
hlpns`tmrsl le ndjltns y suplra`g`ls pr÷x`kms. W` mcou`le tngm lstms suplra`g`ls y m
gnet`eumg`÷e slle
vëm pmrm letrmr cclvm cms kmens m sus prnp`ns njns, emr`z n dngm, lc pmt÷olen leguletrm uem
lc nrome`skn.
Kmetlelr uem f`o`lel dís`gm ls cm anrkm kís la`gmz
la`gmz hl lv`tmr gnetrmlr lstl
lstl v`rus le cns cuomrls
le cns qul lx`stl ue kmynr r`lson hl trmesk`s`÷e, auehmkletmckletl cms znems le cms qul sl
fme rlo`strmhn gmsns. Ls gnevle`letl cmvmrsl cms kmens gne arlguleg`m y lv`tmr lc gnetmgtn
gne plrsnems ym `ealgtmhms, prntlo`lehn lsplg`mckletl njns, emr`z y dngm. M cms plrsnems
`ealgtmhms (n qul grlme qul pulhle lstmrcn) sl cls mgnesljm lc usn hl kmsgmr`ccms y usmr
pmýulcns pmrm gudr`rsl cm emr`z y cm dngm gumehn sl tnsl n sl lstnreuhm.
Cms plrsnems `ealgtmhms pnr lc v`rus qul gmusm lc Gnv`h-=0 hldle oumrhmr gumrletlem hlshl
lc h`moe÷st`gn hl cm lealrklhmh fmstm =< hëms hlspuàs hl slr hmhms hl mctm. Msë cn mgnesljm
cm NKW pnrqul sl fm ndslrvmhn qul, muequl ym lstàe rlguplrmhms, pulhle slou`r
trmesk`t`lehn cm `ealgg`÷e, mhlkís, sl fm ndslrvmhn qul cns `ealgtmhns ms`etnkít`gns, n d`le
mqulccns qul tnhmvëm en fme hlsmrrnccmhn sëetnkms, pulhle trmesk`t`r lc v`rus.
Cms klh`hms prlvlet`vms hldle slou`rcms lsplg`mckletl mqulccms plrsnems qul pmhlzgme
h`mdltls, `esua`g`leg`m rlemc, eluknpmtëm gr÷e`gm n `ekuenhlprls`÷e,
`ekuenhlprls`÷e , ym qul t`lele kís
r`lson hl pmhlglr uem lealrklhmh ormvl le gmsn hl `ealgg`÷e pnr gnrnemv`rus.
Ls `kpnrtmetl kleg`nemr qul cms klh`hms hl prlvleg`÷e pcmetlmhms le lc prlsletl prntngncn
gnrrlspnehle m cms mgg`nels qul hldle slr mhnptmhms pnr cns tàge`gns qul rlmc`zmríe
mgt`v`hmhls gmtmstrmcls le gmkpn y t`lel pnr a`emc`hmh rlhug`r lc r`lson hl lxpns`g`÷e mc
GNQ@H-=0.
4
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
=) NDJLX@QN
Lstmdclglr klh`hms hl prlvleg`÷e y gnetrnc hl cm prnpmomg`÷e hlc GNQ@H-=0, msë gnkn
`estmurmr mgg`nels hl v`o`cmeg`m y prntlgg`÷e hl cm smcuh hlc plrsnemc qul `etlrv`lel le
cm ljlgug`÷e hl mgt`v`hmhls gmtmstrmcls le gmkpn, qul rlmc`zm lc Nrome`skn hl
Anrkmc`zmg`÷e hl cm Rrnp`lhmh @eanrkmc ‗ GNANRT@.
4) MCGMEGL
Cms klh`hms gnetle`hms le lc prlsletl prntngncn, sne hl mpc`gmg`÷e ndc`omtnr`m pmrm
tnhn lc plrsnemc qul hlsmrrnccl mgt`v`hmhls gmtmstrmcls le gmkpn qul ljlgutl lc
Nrome`skn hl Anrkmc`zmg`÷e hl cm Rrnp`lhmh @eanrkmc ‗ GNANRT@.
7) TLWRNEWMD@C@HMHLW
- \e`hmh hl Tlgursns Fukmens. Tlspnesmdcl hl `kpclkletmr lc Rcme pmrm cm
Q`o`cmeg`m, Rrlvleg`÷e y Gnetrnc Hl Gnv`h-=0 hl GNANRT@.
- H`rlgg`÷e
h`aueh`r lc hl slour`hmh m cms Tlspnesmdcls
Gmtmstrnhly sudh`rlgg`nels.
prntngncn hl lcmdnrmr
jlamturms znemcls pmrm suy
gukpc`k`letn.
- Jlamturm Znemc. Tlspnesmdcl hl cm `kpclkletmg`÷e, pulstm le kmrgfm y hl
cms mgg`nels hl slou`k`letn mc gukpc`k`letn hlc prntngncn hl tnhn lc lqu`pn
tàge`gn nplrmt`vn.
Ls rlspnesmd`c`hmh hl gmhm trmdmjmhnr lc gukpc`k`letn lalgt`vn hl cms klh`hms hl
slour`hmh l f`o`lel m `kpclkletmr, msë k`skn, tmkd`àe ls su ndc`omg`÷e plrkmelglr
mtletn m eulvms h`spns`g`nels na`g`mcls qul pulhme slr lxplh`hms le cns s`ou`letls hëms
m klh`hm qul lvncug`nem cm lklroleg`m y lc letleh`k`letn qul tlelkns sndrl lc v`rus
y su prnpmomg`÷e.
7
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
- Tlsncug`÷e K K`e`stlr`mc
`e`stlr`mc E² 886-4242-
886-4242-K@EWM,
K@EWM, mprndmr lc Hngukletn Xàge`gn:
"C`elmk`letns pmrm cm Q`o`cmeg`m, Rrlvleg`÷e y Gnetrnc hl cm smcuh hl cns
trmdmjmhnrls gne r`lson hl lxpns`g`÷e m GNQ@H-=0" qul gnkn melxn anrkm pmrtl
`etlormetl hl cm prlsletl Tlsncug`÷e K`e`stlr`mc.
Tlgnklehmg`ne
Tlgnklehmg`nels
ls pmrm lc Rúdc`gn rlsplgtn m GNQ@H-=
GNQ@H-=00 hl cm NKW.
8
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
Auletl: @kmole tnkmhm hlc hlc mrtëgucn hl Wu` Fumeo sndrl cm elgls`hmh hlc usn hl kísgmrms
fttps://amstc`alfmgis.gnk/e0<-vs-aap-ls/
Ntrn klh`n hl trmesk`s`÷e hlc v`rus, sne cms kmens u ndjltns `eme`kmhns
gnetmk`emhns gne slgrlg`nels, slou`hms hlc gnetmgtn gne cm kugnsm hl cm dngm,
emr`z u njns.
<
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
1) H@WRNW@G@NELW OLELTMCLW
Hla`e`g`÷e hl tàrk`ens
Cms s`ou`letls hla`e`g`nels fme s`hn rlgno`hms hl cm Tlsncug`÷e K`e`stlr`mc E² 886-
4242-K@EWM, qul mpruldm lc hngukletn tàge`gn –C`elmk`letns pmrm cm v`o`cmeg`m hl
cm smcuh hl cns trmdmjmhnrls gne r`lson hl lxpns`g`÷e m GNQ@H- =0‛.
- Lkpclmhnr/m Xnhm lkprlsm n plrsnem jurëh`gm hlc slgtnr púdc`gn n pr`vmhn,
:
- Dmrrlrm Aës`gm pmrm lc trmdmjn: Wne cns lclkletns qul h`sk`euyle lc r`lson hl
gnetmgtn h`rlgtn letrl hns n kís plrsnems y qul gnetr`duyl gne lc ndjlt`vn hl
rlhug`r lc r`lson hl trmesk`s`÷e.
trmesk`s`÷e.
1
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
T`lson dmjn hl lxpns`g`÷e: Cns trmdmjns gne ue r`lson hl lxpns`g`÷e dmjn (hl
prlgmug`÷e) sne mqulccns qul en rlqu`lrle gnetmgtn gne plrsnems qul sl
gnenzgm n sl snsplgfm qul lstíe `ealgtmhms gne WMTW-GnQ4, msë gnkn, le lc
qul en sl t`lel gnetmgtn glrgmen arlgule
arlguletl
tl m klens h
hl
l = kltrn hl h`stm
h`stmeg`m
eg`m
gne lc púdc`gn le olelrmc, n le lc qul, sl pulhme usmr n lstmdclglr dmrrlrms
aës`gms pmrm lc hlsmrrnccn hl cm mgt`v`hmh cmdnrmc.
?
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
- Hl mgulrhn nm knclgucmrls
slrnc÷o`gms cm enrkmt`vm v`oletl en ls ndc`omtnr`m
pmrm pulstns hl klh`mencmr`lson
mpc`gmg`÷e
mpc`gmg`÷e hl r`lson,
y dmjn pruldmsy
sl hldle fmglr úe`gmkletl dmjn cm `eh`gmg`÷e hlc prnals`nemc hl smcuh hlc
Wlrv`g`n hl Wlour`hmh y Wmcuh le lc trmdmjn n sloúe `eh`gmg`÷e hl cm Mutnr`hmh
Emg`nemc n rlo`nemc hl smcuh.
- Cm mpc`gmg
mpc`gmg`÷e
`÷e hl pruldms sslrnc÷o`gms
lrnc÷o`gms n knclgucmrls pmrm v`o`cmeg`m hlc
GNQ@H-=0, sl mpc`gmríe úe`gmkletl m mqulccns trmdmjmhnrls le pulstns hl
trmdmjn gne ndc`omtnr`m lxpns`g`÷e hl Mctn T`lson, cm k`skm qul lstmrí m
gmron hlc lkpclmhnr.
6
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
- Wl hhldlrí
ldlrí `hlet`a`gmr y pr`nr`zmr m cns trmdmjmhnrls gnes`hlrmh
gnes`hlrmhns
ns l
le
e lc orupn hl
r`lson pnr lhmh y amgtnrls gcëe`gns lstmdclg`hns le lc hngukletn tàge`gn
hlenk`emhn –Rrlvleg`÷e,
–Rrlvleg`÷e, H`moe÷st`gn y Xrmtmk`letn hl Rlrsnems Malgtmhms pnr
GNQ@H-=0 le lc Rlrú‛, mprndmhn klh`metl Tlsncug`÷e K`e`stlr`mc E² =07 -4242-
K@EWM y knh`a`gmhn pnr cms Tlsncug`nels K`e`stlr`mcls E² 420-4242-K@EWM, E²
482-4242-K@EWM, E² 4?2-4242-K@EWM
4?2-4242-K@EWM y 7?<-4242-K@EWM9 y cm Tlsncug`÷e
K`e`stlr`mc E² 886-4242-K@EWM.
- Metls hl
hlcc `eorls
`eorlsn
n lalgt`vn hlc pl
plrsnemc
rsnemc q
qul
ul rlm
rlmc`zm
c`zm cms cmdnrls h
hl
l gmkpn
gmkpn sl
gnkpcltmrí
hl pmrmHlgcmrmg`÷e
Gmtmstrnuem gnenglr su Jurmhm
lstmhn (Melxn E² m2=)
hl smcuh, a`elstmdclg`hm
hl gnenglrpnr cm H`rlgg`÷e
lealrklhmhls
prllx`stletls y/n hl mctn r`lson n s` le cns úct`kns hëms lc trmdmjmhnr lstuvn
lxpulstn n le gnetmgtn gne mcouem plrsnem gne sëetnkms y/n s`oens hlc GNQ@H-
=0 hl kmelrm h`rlgtm n `eh`rlgtm.
- Wl h
hldl
ldl tmducmr u ndtlelr lc c`stmh
c`stmhn
nhhl
l trmd
trmdmjmhnrls
mjmhnrls gne sus rlsplgt`vms
rlsplgt`vms lhmhls,
algfms hl emg`k`letn, t`pn hl smeorl, h`rlgg`÷e hnk`g`c`mr`m, plsn, lstmturm,
gnrrln lclgtr÷e`gn, tlcàanens, pnr prnylgtn y pnr mgt`v`hmh.
m) Rnr Lhmh
n Wlrv`hnrls hl 1< mýns m kís.
0
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
?.8 HL CM @EH\KLEXMT@M
=2
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
¾Rnr quà> Cmvmrsl cms kmens gne moum y jmd÷e n gne ue hls`ealgtmetl m dmsl hl
mcgnfnc kmtm cns v`rus qul pulhm fmdlr le sus kmens.
- Kmetleom uem h
h`stmeg`m
`stmeg`m këe`km hl ue kltrn y klh`n letrl ustlh y cn
cnss hlk
hlkís.
ís.
¾Rnr quà> Gumehn mcou`le tnsl, lstnreuhm n fmdcm hlsp`hl pnr cm emr`z n cm dngm
uems ontëgucms hl cëqu`hn qul pulhle gnetlelr lc v`rus. W` cm plrsnem qul tnsl,
lstnreuhm n fmdcm t`lel cm lealrklhmh y ustlh lstí hlkms`mhn glrgm hl lccm, pulhl
rlsp`rmr cms ontëgucms y gne lccms lc v`rus hl cm GNQ@H-=0.
¾Rnr quà> Gumehn fmy mocnklrmg`nels, fmy kís prndmd`c`hmhls hl qul letrl le
gnetmgtn lstrlgfn gne mcou`le qul tleom GNQ@H-=0 y ls kís h`aëg`c kmetlelr uem
h`stmeg`m aës`gm hl ue kltrn y klh`n
¾Rnr quà> Cms kmens tngme kugfms suplra`g`ls y pulhle rlgnolr v`rus. \em vlz
gnetmk`emhms, cms kmens pulhle trmesalr`r lc v`rus m cns njns, cm emr`z n cm dngm.
Hlshl mccë, lc v`rus pulhl letrmr le su gulrpn y gmusmrcl cm lealrklhmh.
¾Rnr quà> Cns v`rus sl prnpmome m trmvàs hl cms ontëgucms. Mc kmetlelr uem dulem
f`o`lel rlsp`rmtnr`m prntlol m cms plrsnems qul cn rnhlme hl v`rus gnkn cns hlc
rlsar`mhn, cm or`pl y cm GNQ@H-=0.
==
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
¾Rnr quà> Lv`tmr lc gnetmgtn gne ntrms plrsnems cms prntlolrí hl pns`dcls
`ealgg`nels pnr lc v`rus hl cm GNQ@H-=0 u ntrns.
- W` t`l
t`lel
el a`ld
a`ldrl,
rl, tns y h`
h`a`guctmh
a`guctmh pm
pmrm
rm rls
rlsp`rmr,
p`rmr, dusqul mtleg`÷e kàh`gm, p
plrn
lrn le cm
klh`hm hl cn pns`dcl ccmkl pnr tlcàanen gne metlcmg`÷e y s`om cms `eh`gmg`nels hl
cm mutnr`hmh sme`tmr`m cngmc.
¾Rnr quà> Cms mutnr`hmhls cngmcls y emg`nemcls sne cns `etlrcngutnrls kís
`eh`gmhns pmrm hmr gnesljns sndrl cn qul hldle fmglr cms plrsnems hl su znem pmrm
prntlolrsl.
- Metls hhl
l ut`c`zmr su km
kmtlr`mc
tlr`mc hl trmdmjn, lc plrsnemc qul ljlgutm
ljlgutm cmdnrls
cmdnrls hl
gmkpn hldl cmvmrsl y/n hls`ealgtmrsl cms kmens gne jmd÷e y/n mcgnfnc,
s`lehn cm pr`klrm mgt`v`hmh hlc hëm, ms`k`skn, lc plrsnemc hldl ut`c`zmr lqu`pn
hl prntlgg`÷e `eh`v`humc mhlgumhn pmrm c`kp`lzm y hls`ealgg`÷e.
- C`kp`mr y hls`ealgtmr
hls`ealgtmr mc `e
`e`g`n
`g`n y mc tàr
tàrk`en
k`en hl cms cmdnrls tnhms cms suplra`g`ls
hl sus kmtlr`mcls y lqu`pns gne pmýn hl k`grna`drm n armelcm ut`c`zmehn
mcgnfnc `snprnpëc`gn, hltlroletl n c`kp`mhnr. Hldlríe `egcu`rsl tnhns cns
mgglsnr`ns gne cns qul guletme cns lqu`pns: Ccmvls, gnetrncls, kme`jms ltg.
=4
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
- Tlpmsmr cms su
suplra`g`ls
plra`g`ls hl gnetmgtn gne ue pmýn
pmýn hl
hl k`grna`drm
k`grna`drm y uem klzgcm
m dmsl hl mcgnfnc (?2%) y moum (72%), hlspuàs hl gmhm gmkd`n hl ud`gmg`÷e
y cms vlgls qul lc tàge`gn
t àge`gn lst`kl elglsmr`ms.
- Hl rlm
rlmc`zmr
c`zmr su cmdnr ggne
ne ntrn gnkpmýlrn n le dr`omhm, sl lv
lv`tmrí
`tmrí le cn pns`dcl
pns`dcl
lc `etlrgmkd`n hl flrrmk`letms y kmtlr`mc hl trmdmjn, rlgulrhl s`lkprl
kmetlelr ue h`stmeg`mk`letn sng`mc hl =.< kltrns gnkn këe`kn le cm klh`hm
hl cn pns`dcl.
- Le gm
gmsn
sn h
hl
leen
n gn
gnetmr
etmr l
lee su knkletn ggne
ne m
mcgnfnc
cgnfnc `snprnpëc`gn pulhl usmr uem
uem
sncug`÷e hls`ealgtmetl
hls`ealgtmetl mctlrem: Gncngmr =22 kc hl F`pngcnr`tn
F`pngcnr`tn hl snh`n (cljëm
gnkúe) hl usn hnkàst`gn le =2 c`trns hl moum. Rmrm gmet`hmhls klenrls
usmr rlocm hl trls s`kpcl pmrm fmccmr cm prnpnrg`nemc`hmh mhlgumhm. Gnkn
`eh`gmhnr sl kleg`nem qu qul
l uem tmp`tm h
hl
l armsgn hl cljëm hnkàst`gm (Gcnrnx,
Wmpnc`n, C`our`m, ltg.) lqu`vmcl m < kc.
- Cm gn
gnetmk`emg`÷e
etmk`emg`÷e hl su
suplra`g`ls
plra`g`ls y ndjltns ls u uem
em hl cms vëms
vëms kís arlguletls
hl trmesk`s`÷e hl cms `ealgg`nels rlsp`rmtnr`ms (y kuy le lsplg`mc hlc Gnv`h-
=0). Wl rlgulrhm qul h`vlrsms suplra`g`ls hldle slr hls`ealgtmhms
rloucmrkletl pmrm k`e`k`zmr lc r`lson hl trmesk`s`÷e pnr gnetmgtn:
knstrmhnrls, dmrmehms, p`gmpnrtls, t`kdrls, rljms, pulrtms, tlgcmhns,
pmetmccms hl v`sumc`zmg`÷e, tlcàanens a`jns, glcucmrls, ltg.
- Cns vl
vlfëgucns
fëgucns le hnehl l
lcc plrsnem
plrsnemcc qul ljlgutm cmd
cmdnrls
nrls le gmkpn sne
trmespnrtmhns m sus h`alrletls hlst`ens, hldle slr hls`ealgtmhns mc `e`g`n y
tàrk`en hl cms cmdnrls y pmrm su usn sl hldlrí gnes`hlrmr lc <2% hl cm
gmpmg`hmh hl trmespnrtl.
=7
RTNXNGNCN HL RTLQLEG@NE P GNEXTNC HL
GNQ@H =0 LE CMW MGX@Q@HMHLW GMXMWXTMCLW
HL GMKRN
- W` hu
hurmetl
rmetl lc ljlrg`g`n hl sus cmdnrls sl leg
leguletrme
uletrme gne plrsnems gne rmsons
rmsons
n s`oens hl slgrlg`nels, lstnreuhns, tns u ntrns sëetnkms hl lealrklhmh,
mkpc`mr cm h`stmeg`m m hns kltrns gnkn këe`kn y rltërlsl hlc cuomr,
lxpc`gmehn qul hldl gukpc`r cms `eh`gmg`nels hlc prlsletl prntngncn hl
slour`hmh.
- Lv`tmr cm mocnklrmg`÷e hl p
plrsnems
lrsnems mc lalgtu
lalgtumr
mr su trmdmjn, h
hl
l en
en slr pns`dcl
pnrqul cms plrsnems sl mglrgme, slr a`rkl y lstmdclglr lc h`stmeg`mk`letn
sng`mc K@E@KN hl ue =.< kltrns.
k ltrns.
- Lc plrsn
plrsnemc
emc qu
qul
l ljlg
ljlgutm
utm cmdn
cmdnrls
rls l
le
e gm
gmkpn
kpn vlr`a`gmrí qul cm plrsnem
plrsnem n t`tucmr
gmtmstrmc qul dr`ehl cm `eanrkmg`÷e tleom pulstm cm kmsgmr`ccm. Lc rlgnjn hl
`eanrkmg`÷e slrí pnr gnetrnc lxtlren, lc tàge`gn gmtmstrmc
gmtmst rmc en hldl `eorlsmr mc
prlh`n.
- Hurmetl cm gnkue
gnkue`gmg`÷e
`gmg`÷e letrl l
lcc tàge`gn qul ljlgu
ljlgutm
tm cmd
cmdnrls
nrls le
le gm
gmkpn
kpn y lc
t`tucmr gmtmstrmc n plrsnem qul dr`ehl cm `eanrkmg`÷e, ls elglsmr`n kmetlelr
uem h`stmeg`m hl pnr cn klens hns kltrns.
- Cm `eanrkmg`÷e rlgno`hm le ggmkpn
mkpn sl rlo`strm le lc lc mpc`gmt`vn `eanrkít`gn
`egnrpnrmhn le lc h`spns`t`vn lclgtr÷e`gn (Xmdclt n glcucmr) prlv`mkletl
hls`ealgtmhn, gne lc gumc rlmc`zm cms tnkms antnoría`gms hlc arletl hlc cntl y
hl cm hngukletmg`÷e qul lc t`tucmr gmtmstrmc n plrsnem qul dr`ehl cm
`eanrkmg`÷e prlsletl pmrm lc cclemhn hl cm a`gfm gmtmstrmc.
gmtm strmc.
=8