Is.8887.2004 Emulsion
Is.8887.2004 Emulsion
Is.8887.2004 Emulsion
IS 8887:2004
Indian Standard
BITUMEN EMULSION FOR ROADS
(CATIONIC TYPE) — SPECIFICATION
(Second Revision)
ICS 75.140:93.080.20
0 BIS 2004
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
the Bitumen, Tar and Their Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related
Products Division Council.
This standard was first published in 1978 and was subsequently revised in 1995. The first revision inco~orated
certain new tests and the deletion of obsolete ones. In this revision the following changes have been made:
a) Rapid setting (RS) grade emulsion has been divided into two different grades of emulsions. The nomenclature
for the proposed emulsions has been indicated as RS- 1 emulsion and RS-2 emulsion. Similarly, slow setting
(SS) emulsion has also been divided as SS-1 and SS-2 emulsion.
b) Recommended use and requirements have been included for RS- 1 and RS-2 grades. Requirements have
been included for SS- 1 and SS-2 grades also.
c) Method for determination of residue on sieving on 600-rnicron IS sieve (see Annex B) and coating ability
and water resistance (see Annex F) have been updated.
Cationic bitumen emulsion usage in India has increased substantially since the introduction of the revised
specifications in 1995. The usage of emulsion as a percentage of total bitumen usage has gone up from 1 to 3 percent
in the last five years. The international status for emulsion usage is 10 percent of total bitumen usage. The proposed
revised Ministry of Surface Transport (MOST) specification for road works is expected to substantially widen the
scope for emulsion usage in various road applications. Therefore, new types of emulsion grades have been
incorporated in this revision.
Out of the present emulsion consumption, nearly 60-65 percent of emulsion is used in tack coat applications.
Introduction of a grade similar to ASTM CRS 1 is being mooted to facilitate better spread of the emulsion within the
recommended quantity especially for State Highways and low volume roads also where the spraying is done
manually in most of the cases. The viscosity of this emulsion is suggested at a lower range between 20-100 SFS at
50°C for ease of application and good coverage on the existing surface (especially since the method of application
is still manual in most cases). The storage stability has been suggested as 2.0 Max since it is revealed that there is
a tendency for emulsions manufactured with lower binder content to have less storage stability but this does not
seriously alter the life or the other characteristics of the emulsion. The aforesaid emulsion is called as RS- 1 emulsion.
In several states, single coat/two coat surface dressing including synchronized surface dressing is being carried out
to improve the road connectivity at low cost especially in rural areas. It has been proven that an emulsion with a
higher viscosity range is ideally suited for such application. Considerable assistance has been derived from ASTM
D 2397 in formulation of this standard. The suggested viscosity range for RS-2 is similar to ASTM CRS-2 from 100
to 300 SFS at 50° C. The recommended uses of five grades of emulsified bitumen of the cationic type prescribed in
this standard are given in Annex A.
The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given in Annex K.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960
‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
IS 8887:2004
Indian Standard
BITUMEN EMULSION FOR ROADS
(CATIONIC TYPE) — SPECIFICATION
(Second Revision)
1 SCOPE 3 TERMINOLOGY
This standard covers the physical and chemical For the purpose of this standard, the definition given in
requirements of bitumen emulsion (cationic type) for IS 334 and the following shall apply.
road works.
3.1 Cationic Emulsion
2 REFERENCES An emulsions in which the cation of the emulsifier is at
The following standards contain provisions, which the interface of the bitumen particle; an emulsion in
through reference in the text, constitute provisions of which the particles are positively charged and the
this standard. At the time of publication the editions aqueous phase is acidic. Breaking of these emulsions
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision occurs by neutralization of charge.
and parties to agreements based on this standard are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying 4 MATERIALS
the most recent editions of the standards listed below: 4.1 Any suitable grade of bitumen as given in IS 73
with or without addition of suitable flux, maybe used.
IS No. Title
4.2 Any emulsifying agent or any other ingredient,
73:1992 Paving bitumen (second revision) which either quality-wise or quantity-wise, is likely to
269 1989 Ordinary Portland cement 33 grade affect or harden the residue bitumen beyond the limits
(/iourth revision) specified in S1No. (ix) of Table 1 shall not be used.
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IS 8887:2004
4) Solubllity : 98 98 98 98 98 1216
In trichloroetbylene,
percent by mass, Min
2) 225°C 30- 75
3) 260”C 40- 90 —
4) 315°C 60-100 —
‘) ‘[’his requirement shall be applicable only under situations where the ambient temperature IS below 15°C
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IS 8887:2004
7 SAMPLING 7.2 If the single sample from a single run fails to fulfil
7.1 For the purpose of testing, the size of the sample the test requirements specified in 6, sample shall be
and the sampling procedure from drums, barrels or bulk drawn on the basis of 7.1 for testing in the same manner.
supply shall be as described in IS 1201 subject to the If these samples conform to requirement of 6 the lot
following: shall be accepted otherwise the lot shall be rejected.
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IS 8887:2004
ANNEX A
(F’orewor@
A-1 The recommended uses of five types of emulsified retained on 2.36 mm IS Sieve and
bitumen of the cationic type suggested in this revision practically none of which passes 180
are given below: micron IS Sieve, and also for surface
dressing and penetration macadam.
‘ljpe Recommended Uses
Ss-1 SS- 1 is used for other applications such
as fog seal, crack sealing, prime coat
Rs-1 Rapid setting emulsion grade RS- 1 is
applications.
specially recommended for tack coat
applications. SS-2 A slow setting emulsion used for plant or
road mixes with graded and fine
RS-2 Rapid setting emulsion grade RS-2
aggregates, a substantial quantity of
specially recommended for surface
which passes a 2.36 mm IS Sieve, and a
dressing work.
portion of which may pass a 75 micron IS
MS A medium setting emulsion used for plant Sieve. Examples of its uses are cold mixed
or road mixes with coarse aggregates MSS, SDBC and slurry seal.
minimum 80 percent, all of which is
ANNEX B
[Foreword and Table 1, S1No. (i)]
B-1 APPARATUS and weigh, together with the dish, to the nearest 0.01 g
( JVl).Remove the sieve from the dish and moisten with
B-1.1 600 Micron IS Sieve — A circular sieve
the solution. Remove uniformly the 4-litre sample by
approximately 100 mm in diameter and 40 mm height.
gentle agitation and strain immediately through the sieve
into the clean, dry, weighed container (W+). Sieve the
B-1.2 Metal or Glass Dish — A small metal or glass
low and high viscosity emulsion at room temperature
dish about 110 mm in diameter (such as a clock glass).
and 50”C respectively. When whole of the emulsion has
been passed through the sieve, remove the sieve and
B-1.3 Oven — A well ventilated oven thermostatically
weigh the container to the nearest 1g (WI). Wash the
controlled to 100 to 110 “C.
sieve repeatedly with distilled water until the washings
run clear. Place the sieve in the small dish to dry for 2 h
B-1.4 Balances — One of capacity 250 g and accuracy
in the oven at 105 f 5°C, Cool and reweigh together to
of 0.01 g and one of capacity 10 kg and accuracy of 1 g.
the nearest 0.01 g (J4’J.
B-2 MATERIALS w, – WI
Percentage retained = x 100
B-2.1 Solution — Distilled water w,– w,
where
B-2.2 Solvents — Xylene and acetone.
W, = mass, in g, of sieve and small dish;
Wz= mass, in g, of container and emulsion;
B-3 PROCEDURE
W,= mass, in g, of sieve, small dish and
Wash the sieve with xylene and then with acetone. Place residue; and
it in the dish, dry in the oven at 100 to 11O°C for lh, cool J7q= mass, in g, of container.
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IS 8887:2004
ANNEX C
[Table 1, SINO. (iii)]
C-1 APPARATUS tube from warm water and plunge into the beaker
C-1.l Glass Boiling Tube — 150 mm long and 25 mm in containing iced water at the bottom of which crushed
internal diameter, provide with a cork and central hole ice is retained by piece of wire gauge. During the cooling
13 mm in diameter. process stir slowly. Lower the temperature of water by
adding common salt, to– 1 to – 1.5°C so that the
C-1.2 Sieve — 600-micron IS Sieve. temperature of the emulsion is reduced to O “C. At O°C
discontinue stirring and transfer the tube to another
C-1.3 Beaker — Two, 600-ml capacity. beaker with a freezing mixture at a temperature of– 3 to
– 4°C and allow the emulsion to remain quiescent for 30
C-1.4 Water-Bath — Thermostatically controlled. min. Remove the tube from the freezing mixture without
disturbance and allow the temperature of the content to
rise spontaneously to room temperature. Moisten the
C-2 MATERIALS
sieve with cetrimide and pass the emulsion through the
C-2.1 Solution sieve. Wash the tube free from emulsion and other
One percent solution of cetrimide (a mixture of residue with cetrimide and pass the washings through
alkyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) in N/l Ohydrochloric the sieve. The coagulated bitumen, if any, will be retained
acid. on the sieve.
ANNEX D
[Table 1, SINO. (iv)]
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IS 8887:2004
D-1.2 Glass Pipette—A 60rnl siphon glass tube NOTE — Care shall be taken to prevent loss of bitumen
from the beaker through foaming or spattering or both.
pipette.
For this reason, 1 000 ml beakers are recommended. Also,
the placing of beakers and emulsion samples in a cold or
D-1.3 Balance, capable of weighing 500 g within warm oven and bringing the oven and sample up to a
*o.lg. temperature of 163°C together is permissible. If preferred,
preliminary evaporation of water may be accomplished by
careful heating on a hot-plate followed by oven treatment
D-1.4 Glass Beakers — Three glass beakers of 600 or
at 163°C for I h.
1 000-ml capacity, made of borosilicate glass.
D-2.3 After removal of the sample, siphon off the next
D-1.5 Glass Rods, with flame polished ends, 6.5 f 390 ml (approximate) from each of the cylinders.
0.5 mm in diameter and 175 t 5 mm in length. Thoroughly mix the emulsion remaining in the cylinders
and weigh 50 ? 0.1 g into separate weighed 600 or
D-1.6 Oven — Thermostatically controlled, capable of 1000 ml glass beakers. Determine the bituminous residue
maintaining temperature of 163 f 2.8 “C.
of these samples in accordance with D-2.2.
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IS 8887:2004
ANNEX F
[Foreword and Table 1, Sl No. (vi)]
F-1.2 Mixing Blade — A putty knife with a 30 mm x F- 2.3 Water — Tap water of not over 250 ppm CaCO,
90 mm steel blade with rounded comers. A 254 mm hardness for spraying over the sample.
kitchen mixing spoon may be used as an alternative.
F-3 SAMPLE
F-1.3 Sieve — Standard sieve of 19 mm and 4.75 mm The sample shall be representative of the bitumen
conforming to IS 460 (Part 2). emulsion to be tested.
F-1.4 Constant Head Water Spraying Apparatus — F-4 PROCEDURE FOR TEST WITH WET
An apparatus for applying tap water in a spray under a AGGREGATE
constant head of 775 mm. The water shall issue from the
apparatus in a low velocity spray. F-4.1 Carry out the test at 24 t 5.5°C.
F-1.5 Thermometer — It shall be of the mercury in- F-4.2 Weigh 460 g of the air dried/graded limestone
glass type nitrogen filled, with the stem made of lead aggregates in the mixing pan.
glass or other suitable glass. It shall be engraved and
enamelled at the back and provided with an expansion F-4.3 Weigh 4 g of CaC03 dust in the mixing pan and
chamber and glass ring at the top. The bulb shall be mix with the 460 g of aggregate for approximately 1 min
cylindrical, made of suitable thermometric glass. The by means of a mixing blade to obtain uniform film of
dimensions, tolerances and graduations of the dust on the aggregate particles. The total weight of
thermometer shall be as follows: aggregate shall be 460 g.
Range : –2 “C to 80°C
F-4.4 Pipette 9.3 ml of water to the aggregate and CaCO,
Graduation at each : 0.2 “c
dust mixture into the mixing pan and mix thoroughly to
Longer lines at each : l°C
obtain uniform wetting.
Figures at each : 2°c
ImersioL mm : Total
F-4.5 Weigh 35 g of bitumen emulsion into the aggregate
Overall length, mm : 378-384
in the pan and mix vigorously with the mixing blade for
Length of graduated
5 min by a back and forth motion in an elliptical path of
portion, mm : 243-279
the mixing blade of spoon. At the end of the mixing
Length of bulb, mm : 9-14
period, tilt the pan and permit any excess emulsion not
Bulb diameter : No larger than stem diameter
Stem diameter, mm : 6.0-7.0 on the aggregate to drain from the pan.
Distance from bottom
of bulb to O°C, mm : 75-90 F-4.6 Remove approximately one half of the mixture from
Scale error, J4ax : 0.2°C the pan and place it on absorbent paper and evaluate
the coating.
F-1.6 Balance, capable of weighing 1 000 g within
fo.lg. F-4.7 Immediately spray the mixture remaining in the
pan with tap water from the constant head water
F-1.7 Pipette, of 10-ml capacity. spraying apparatus to cover the mixture. The distance
from the spray head to the sample shall be (305 f
F-2 MATERIALS 75 mm). Then carefully pour off the water. Continue
F-2.1 Aggregate — Standard limestone aggregate shall spraying and pouring off the water until the overflow
be a laboratory washed and air cooled aggregate graded water runs clear. Carefully drain off the water on the
to pass 19 mm sieve and retained on 4.75 mm sieve. pan. Scoop the mixture from the mixing pan on to
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IS 8887:2004
absorbent paper for evaluation of coating retention in F-5.2 At the end of the mixing period record the coating
the washing test. of the total aggregate surface area by the bitumen
emulsion as good, fair or poor. Where a rating of good
F-4.8 Evaluate the mixture immediately by visual means filly coated by the bitumen emulsion is exclusive
estimation as to the total aggregates surface area that is of pinholes and sharp edges of the aggregates; a rating
coated with bitumen. of fair coating applies to the condition of an excess of
coated area over uncoated area; and a rating of poor
F-4.9 Report the evaluation by visual estimation of the applies to the condition of an excess of uncoated area
coating of the aggregate surface area by bitumen after over coated area.
the mixture has been surface air dried in the laboratory
at room temperature. A fan may be used for drying if F-5.3 After spraying with water record the coating of
desired. the total aggregate surface area by the bitumen as good,
fair or poor.
F-5 REPORTING OF TEST RESULTS
F-5.4 Comments about the results of the test may be
F-5.1 Evaluate and report the following information for
included in the valuation.
tests with both dry and wet aggregates.
ANNEX G
[Table 1, SINO. (vii)]
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IS 8887:2004
ANNEX H
[Table 1, SINO. (viii)]
H-1 PROCEDURE of 20- 30”C. Allow the mixture to stand for 2 h and
Gradually add 150 ml distilled water, with constant stirring examine it for any appreciable coagulation of the bitumen
to 50 ml of emulsion in a 400-ml beaker at a temperature content of the emulsion.
ANNEX J
[Table 1, SINO. (ix)(l)]
ANNEX K
(ForewoJ-~
COMWI’ITEE COMPOSITION
Orgflrrizalion Representative(s)
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IS 8887:2004
Organization Representative(s)
Member Secreta~
DR(SHIUMATI)VIJAYMALIK
Director (PCD), BIS
Methods of Test for Bitumen Tar and Their Products Subcommittee, PCD 6:1
11
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