Is 3117
Is 3117
Is 3117
Indian Standard
BITUMEN EMULSION FOR ROADS AND ALLIED
APPLICATIONS (ANIONIC TYPE) — SPECIFICATION
(First Revision)
ICS 93.080.20
Q BIS 2004
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Bitumen, Tar and Their Products Sectional Committee, PCD 6
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
the Bitumen, Tar and Their Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related
Products Division Council.
Most bituminous binders used in the construction of roads and allied applications are viscous semi-solids at normal
temperatures. For surface dressing, mulch treatment, etc, they must be brought to a fluid state by heating before
being applied in thin films to road and allied surfaces. The lack of adequate heating facilities in remote areas led to
a demand for binders which could be used cold. The use of emulsions, which not only flow readily at atmospheric
temperatures but can also be applied to damp and wet road surfaces, therefore, came into vogue.
Bitumen emulsions are dispersions of very fine bitumen particles in an aqueous medium. They are easy to handle
and find wide applications in road construction and maintenance; soil stabilization, grouting, tack coating;
re-treading, seal coating, premixing, dust-spraying, mulch treatment and in various other special circumstances
where cold application of bitumen is desirable.
This standard was first published in 1965. In this revision, the following modifications have been made:
a) Title and scope has been changed to cover the requirements of bitumen emulsion for allied applications
besides roads.
c) In Table 1, water content requirement has been deleted and the bitumen content requirement has been
introduced along with the corresponding test method.
d) Various test methods (Annex A to Annex K) prescribed in this standard have been updated.
In the formulation of this standard due weightage has also been given to international coordination among the
standards and practices prevailing in other countries and this has been met by deriving assistance fi-om the following
publications:
Part 1 Specification for bitumen road emulsions’, issued by British Standards Institution, UK
ASTM D 244:1997 ‘Standard test methods and practices for emulsified asphalts’, issued by American Society
for Testing and Materials, USA
ASTM D 977:1998 ‘Standard specification for emulsified asphalt’, issued by American Society for Testing and
Materials, USA .
ASTM D 2397:1998 ‘Standard specification for cationic emulsified asphalt’, issued by American Society for
Testing and Materials, USA
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960
‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
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IS 3117:2004
Indian Standard
BITUMEN EMULSION FOR ROADS AND ALLIED
APPLICATIONS (ANIONIC TYPE) — SPECIFICATION
(First Revision)
1 SCOPE 3 TERMJNoLOCY
This standard covers the physical and chemical For the purpose of this standard the definition given in
requirements of bitumen emulsion (anionic type) for IS 334 and the following shall apply.
roads and allied applications.
3.1 Anionic Emulsion — An emulsion in which anion
2 REFERENCES of the emulsifier is at the interface with the bitumen
The following standards contain provisions which particles that is negatively charged and the aqueous
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of phase is alkaline.
this standard. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to 4 MATERJALS
revisions and parties to agreements based on this
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility 4.1 Bitumen
of applying the most recent editions of the standards The bitumen straight run or fluxed, used for the
indicated below: manufacture of the emulsion, shall comply with IS 73
and the following requirements:
IS No. Title
a) Penetration shall be between 100 and 3 50;
73:1992 Specification for paving bitumen b) Softening point (Ring and ball) shall not higher
(second revision) than 48”C;
c) Volubility in trichloroethylene shall not be less
269:1999 Specification for 33 grade ordinary
than 99.0 percent; and
portland cement ~ourth revision)
d) Loss of mass after heating for 5 h at 1630C
334:2002 Glossary of terms relating to bitumen shall not exceed two percent of the original
and tar (third revision) mass. After carrying out this test the
penetration of bitumen shall not be less than
460: Specification for test sieves : Part 1
60 percent of its original value.
(Part 1) 1985 Wire cloth test sieves (third revision)
878:1975 Graduated measuring cylinders (jirst 4.1.1 If it is desired to modi& the performance of the
revision) emulsion during periods of low temperature, fluxing the
bitumen with the addition of a quantity of fluxing agent
1201:1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous not exceeding five percent by mass of bitumen shall be
materials — Sampling (/lrst revision) permitted. Unless otherwise agreed to between the
1211:1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous manufacturer and the purchaser, the fluxing agents shall
materials : Determination of water comply with the following requirements:
content (Dean and Stark method) (first
revision) a) Initial boiling point not less than 1400C; and
b) Distillate at 3500C not less than 90 percent by
1212:1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous
volume.
materials : Determination of loss on
heating (first revision)
4.2 Emulsify ingAgent
1997:1982 Burettes (second revision) The emulsi&ing agent, in the proportion in which it is
2619:1993 Glass beakers (second revision) present in the bitumen emulsion, shaH not have any
deleterious effect upon the properties of the bitumen.
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IS 3117:2004
Type RS —A quick setting emulsified bitumen c) The sample ofbitumen emulsion shall be drawn
a)
within 24 h after delivery and tested within
used for penetration, surface treatment, tack
7 days from the date of drawing, unless
coating and mulch treatment.
otherwise specified.
b) Type MS — A medium setting emulsified
bitumen used for plant mixes with coarse 7.1.1 Preparation of Samples
aggregate, all of which is retained on 2.80 mm
1S Sieve with practically no material passing Before carrying out any of the tests, the sample shall be
75 micron IS Sieve. mixed by gentle shaking to ensure uniformity.
c) 7jjpe SS — A slow setting emulsified bitumen 7.2 If the single sample from a single run or batch fails
used for fine aggregate mixes in which a to fhlfill the test requirements under 6, samples shall be
substantial quantity of aggregate passes a drawn on the basis of 7.1 for testing in the same manner.
2.80-mm IS Sieve and a portion may also pass If these samples conform to the requirements of 6, the
a 75 micron IS Sieve. lot shall be accepted, otherwise the lot shall be rejected.
9 MARKING
6 REQUIREMENTS
9.1 Each container shall be legibly and indelibly marked
6.1 Bitumen emulsion shall be homogeneous. Within with the following:
one year after manufacture it shall show no undispersed a) Name and type of the material;
bitumen after thorough mixing. b) Indication of the source of manufacture;
6.2 The physical and chemical requirements of the three c) Month and year of manufacture;
types of bitumen emulsion shall comply with the d) Batch number;
requirements specified in Table 1. e) Net mass; and
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IS 3117:2004
‘) If the sample of emulsified bitumen being tested fails to conform to the requirement, the sample shall be tested for 5-day settlement
and for miscibility and if the numerical difference between the average percentage of residue in the 5-day settlement test is less than
3, and if the miscibility test shows no appreciable coagulation in 2 h, then the emulsified bitumen shall be considered conforming to
this standard.
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1S 3117:2004
ANNEX A
[Table 1, SINO. (i)]
A-1 APPARATUS
Outside diameter of 32.0 — 33.0
overflow rim, at the
A-1.l Oil Tube — The oil tube shall be made entirely of
top (see Note)
corrosion-resistant metal as shown in Fig. 1, with or
without plating, conforming to the dimensional Diameter of container 29.55 29.75 29.95
requirements shown below:
Depth of cylindrical 88.0 — —
part of container
Requirements Minimum Normal Maximum
m m m Diameter of container’ 9.0 — —
(1) (2) (3) (4) between bottom of
cylindrical part of
Inside diameter of 3.13 3.15 3.17 container and top
outlet tube
of outlet tube
Outside diameter of 4.0 4.3 4.6 NOTE — The section of overflow rim shall be bounded by
outlet tube at lower straight lines, except that a fillet is permissible at the
end junction with the bottom of gallery,
\
OVER FLOW RIM
\ r
,
INIMUM LEVEL OF
LIQUID IN BATH
-GALLERY TO BE DRAINED
/ BEFORE STARTING FLOW
?J&lATION MARK
I \
60 ml& 0.05
h
UTLET
TUBE
oTTOM OF
Y BATH
__ ————.
FIG. 1 SAYBOLT
FUROL
VISCOMETER
— OILTUESEANORECEIVER
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1S 3117:2004
A-1. 1.1 Calibrate the oil tube using oils of known furol Table 2 Requirements for Thermometers
viscosity in seconds, or use a tube certified by the (Clause A-1.4.1)
National Physical Laboratory or any other institution
S1 No. Characteristic Requirement
authorized by the Government of India to issue such a
(1) (2) (3)
certificate, or calibrate the tube by comparison with such
a certified tube and apply any correction in excess of O Liquid Mercury
0.2 percent. ii) Filling above liquid Nitrogen gas
iii) Subdivisions O.l”c
iv) Longer graduations line at each 0.5”C
A-1.2 Bath — Bath equipped with a stirring device and v) Graduation numbers at each 1“c
with means for heating or cooling, serves as a support multiple of
to hold the oil tube in the vertical position and as a vi) Immersion Total
vii) Total length 252 to 256 mm
container for the bath liquid. The source of heat or 25 to 35 mm
viii) Bulb length
refrigeration shall be more than 3 cm from the oil tube; ix) Bulb diameter Not less than
and if an external heater is used, it shall be more than 5.0 mm
5 cm fi-om the oil tube. ~) Stem diameter 6.0 to 7.0 mm
xi) Distance of bottom of bulb to 135 to 150 mm
first graduation line
A-1.2. 1 The bath temperature necessary to maintain (corresponding to the beginning
thermal equilibrium, while the liquid in the oil tube is of temperature range)
swell stirred by the oil-tube thermometer, shall vary to xii) Distance of top of thermometer 20 to 35 mm
to last graduation line
within + O.10C, for the specified test temperatures given
(corresponding to the end of
below: temperature range)
xiii) Top finish Glass ring
Temperature Range Temperature of Test xiv) O.l”c
Scale error at any point, Max
T c
19t027 2.5
A-1.5.1 Electrical timing devices are permissible provided
A-1 .2.2 The level of the bath liquid shall be not lower they are accurate and capable of being read to 0.2s.
than 0.5 cm above the overflow rim of the oil tube.
A-1.6 Withdrawal llsbe or Pipette— Used for draining
A-1.3 The receiver shall be of glass with the shape, the gallery, with a smooth t;p of about 3 mm outside
dimensions and tolerances as shown in Fig. 1. diameter and about 2 mm inside diameter.
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1S3117 :2004
drain out. Theplunger commonly supplied with the A-2.4.1 The test shall be started over again if the tip of
viscometer shall never be used on instruments the withdrawal tube touches the overflow rim. Under
maintained as standards. Insert the cork stopper not no condition shall the excess liquid be removed by
less than 6.0 mm and not more than 9.5 mm into the rotating the withdrawal tube around the gallery.
lower end of the air chamber at the bottom of the o; 1
tube, taking care that the cork fits tightly enough t,) A-2.5 Place the receiving flask in position so that the
prevent the escape of air, as tested by the absence of oil stream of liquid from outlet tube strikes the neck of the
on the cork after it is withdrawn. If the test temperature flask, care being taken that the graduation mark on the
is above that of the room, heat the material to not more receiving flask is not less than 10 cm, not more than
than 1.5oC above the temperature of test, and if the 13 cm, from the bottom of the bath. Snap the cork from
temperature is below that of the room, cool it to not its position and at the same instant start the timer. Stop
more than 1.50C below the temperature of test. the timer when the bottom of the meniscus of the liquid
reaches the mark on the neck of the receiving flask.
A-2.3 Pour the material into the oil tube until it ceases
to overflow into the gallery. Keep it well stirred with the
A-3 REPORTING RESULTS
oil tube thermometer, care being taken to avoid touching
the outflow tube. Adjust the bath temperature until the
A-3.1 Time in seconds as determined by the prescribed
temperature of the material remains constant.
procedure, with the proper calibration correction, is the
Saybolt Furol Vkcosity of the material at the temperature
A-2.3. 1 After thermal equilibrium has been attained, no
at which the test is made.
further adjustments shall be made in the bath
temperature. The test results shall be discarded if the
A-3.2 Report the results to the nearest 0.1 s for viscosity
indicated bath temperature varies by more than+ 0.030C.
values below 200s and to the nearest whole second for
values 200s or above.
A-2.4 After the temperature of the material in the oil
tube has remained constant with * 0.02°C of the desired
temperature for 1 min with constant stirring, withdraw A-4 REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS
the oil tube thermometer and remove the surplus liquid
quickly from the gallery by means of the withdrawal With proper attention to details of method of prfcedure,
tube so that the level of the material in the gallery is results indifferent laboratories with different operations
below the level in the oil tube proper. Insert the tip of under referee conditions of testing shall not differ by
the withdrawal tube at one point in the gallery. more than 0.5 percent.
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IS 3117:2004
ANNEX B
[Table 1, SINO. (ii)]
B-1 APPARATUS been weighed with the glass rod. Place the beaker along
with the rod in the oven at 163 + 2.8oC for 2 h. At the end
B-1.1 Glass Beakers — low form of 1000 ml capacity of this period remove each beaker and stir the bitumen
made of borosilicate glass. thoroughly. Replace in the oven for another 1 h then
remove and cool at room temperature, weigh the beakers
B-1.2 Glass Rods — With flame polished 6.4 mm in along with the rods.
diameter and 177.7 mm in length.
B-3 CALCULATION
B-1.3 Balance — of 500 g capacity and accurate to
+0.lg. B-3.1 Bitumen content = 2(A – B)
ANNEX C
[Table 1, S/NO. (iii)]
SE’ITLEMENT TEST
C-1 APPARATUS each has been thoroughly mixed separately, into separate
600-ml low-form glass heaters and determine the
C-1.1 Cylinders — Two 500-ml graduated cylinders bituminous residue by evaporation at 1630C for 3 h in
(see IS 878) with pressed or moulded glass bases and the apparatus described in IS 1212. After removal of the
cork or glass stoppers. first sample siphon off approximately the next 390 ml
from each of the cylinders. Mix the residue remaining in
C-1.2 Glass Pipette — A 60-ml siphon, glass tube the cylinders thoroughly and weigh out exactly 50 g
pipette or optional form. from each of them, and determine for the two samples
the amount of bitumen residue (all sediment, if any,
C-2 PROCEDURE
included) by evaporation as before.
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IS 3117:2004
ANNEX D
[Table 1, SINO. (iv)]
DEMULSIBILITY TEST
ANNEX E
[Tab)e 1, S1 No. (v)]
E-1 PROCEDURE
To about 50 ml of the emulsion, gradually add about 210C and 250C. Allow the mixture to stand for 2 h and
150 ml of distilled water, stirring the mixture while adding then examine it for any appreciable coagulation of
the water. The temperature shall preferably be between bitumen content of the emulsion.
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IS 3117:2004
ANNEX F
[Table 1, 57N0. (vi)]
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IS 3117:2004
ANNEX G
[Table 1, S/No. (vii)]
CEMENTMDUNGTEST
ANNEX H
[Table 1, SINO. (viii)]
H-1 GENERAL has been washed with water and dried before using. All
This test covers the coating of loose aggregates with aggregates shall pass through the 19 mm IS Sieve and
bituminous emulsion. This test is applicable only to not more than 5 percent shall through the 6.3 mm sieve.
emulsions containing a bitumen base of seamy solid
consistency. It is not applicable to rapid setting H-2.5 Balance — Capable of weighing 1000 g to within
emulsion. 0.01g.
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IS 3117:2004
ANNEX J
[Table 1, SINO. (ix)]
SIEVE TEST
ANNEX K
[Table 1, SINO. (x)]
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Bureau of Indian Standards
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harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.
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Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. PCD 6(341)
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