Batch-03 Literature Review

LITERATURE REVIEW
[1]
Igarashi et al (2005),When pozzolanic materials such as fly ash and micro silica are incorporated
into concrete, they play a crucial role in enhancing its properties. One of the key mechanisms by
which these materials benefit concrete is through their reaction with calcium hydroxide, a byproduct
of cement hydration. Upon hydration, cement produces calcium hydroxide as one of its hydration
products. However, excess calcium hydroxide can be detrimental to concrete durability over time.
Pozzolanic materials contain reactive silica, which reacts with the calcium hydroxide to form
additional calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel. This reaction is known as pozzolanic reaction.
[2]
Hariharan A R, Santhil A S and Mohan Ganesh G (2011), When used M60 grade The
compressive strength is increased by13.9 % for the replacement of cement by 10%fly ash and 5%
silica fume mix. The incorporation of fly ash and silica fume can contribute to optimizing particle
packing in concrete mixtures. The finer particle size of silica fume fills in the voids between cement
particles, resulting in a more compact matrix. Additionally, the spherical shape of fly ash particles
can improve the packing density of the concrete mixture, further enhancing its mechanical
properties. Reduced Permeability and Porosity: The presence of fly ash and silica fume in the
concrete mixture leads to a reduction in pore size and interconnected porosity. This reduction in
permeability limits the ingress of harmful substances such as water, chloride ions, and sulfates,
thereby enhancing the durability and resistance of the concrete to various forms of deterioration,
including corrosion of reinforcement.
[3]
Magudeaswaran , Eswaramoorthi (2013), The density of the concrete decreased with increased
in percentage of micro silica and Fly ash replacement up to 15%. Increase in the level of micro
silica and Fly ash replacement between 30% to 45% led to a reduction in the compressive strength
of hardened concrete. The study has shown that between 15 to 22.5% replacement levels, concrete
will develop strength sufficient for construction purposes.
[4]
Perumal& Sundararajan (2004), observe the Effect of partial replacement of cement with silica
fume on the strength and durability properties of high-grade concrete. Strength and durability
properties for M60, M70 and M11 0 grades of HPC trial mixes and to arrive at the maximum levels
of replacement of cement with Silica fume, investigations were taken. The strength and durability
characteristics of these mixes are compared with the mixes without SF. Compressive strengths of 60
N/mm2, 70 N/mm2 and 110 N/mm2 at 28days were obtained by using 10 percent replacement of
cement with SF. The results also show that the SF concretes possess superior durability properties.
[5]
Alok (2016), writes A Research Paper on Partial Replacement of Cement in M-30 Concrete from
Silica Fume and Fly Ash. Replacement levels of OPC by Silica Fume were 0%, 2.5%, 5%and 7.5%
where replacement levels of Ordinary Portland cement by Fly Ash were 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by
weight. 1% superplasticizer was used in all the test specimens for better workability at lower water
cement ratio and to identify the sharp effects of Silica Fume and Fly Ash on the properties of
concrete. Water-cement ratio was kept 0.43 in all cases.43.1 N/mm2 was the maximum compressive
strength which was obtained at replacement level of 7.5% by weight of SF and 20% by weight of
FA with cement.6.47 N/mm2 was the maximum flexural strength which was obtained at
replacement level of 7.5% by weight of SF and 20% by weight of FA with cement.2.573 N/mm2
was the maximum split tensile strength which was obtained at replacement level of 7.5% by weight
of SF and 20% by weight of FA with cement.
[6]
Arivalagan. S (2013), A Study on Experimental Study on the Flexural Behavior of Reinforced
Concrete Beams as Replacement of cement by fly ash". In this investigation replacement of cement
by fly ash was done to depict the compressive strength of cubes, flexural strength of beams and split
tensile strength of cylinders. The fly ash added with cement to find out the results of concrete
proportion ranging from 15%, 20%, 35%, 40%, 50%. The maximum (35.11Mpa) compressive
strength was obtained in 40% replacement. The results also revealed the effect of fly ash on RCC
concrete elements which shows increment in all compressive strength, split tensile, flexural strength
and energy absorption characters. The results also depicts the value of slump which lies between 90
to 120 mm and the flexural strength of beam and also get increased by (21% to 51%) due to the
replacement of fly ash.
[7]
Skripkiunas et al (2002), found that: The optimum content of naphthalene formaldehyde super-
plasticizer in HSC mixture is 1, 1.5%. Silica fumes increase the degree of cement hydration and
decreases Ca(OH)2 quantity in a hardened concrete.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

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