30th April 2024 - Daily Mains Questions (Answers)

Legacy IAS Academy
#1535, 39th Cross Road, Kottapalaya,

Jayanagar 4th ‘T’ Block, Bangalore- 560041.
Q) What impact will the I2U2 (India, Israel, UAE, and USA)
coalition have on India's stance in worldwide geopolitics?
(15 marks, 250 words) [GS-2: International Relations]
Introduction:
I2U2 Cooperation for Development
I2U2, a novel non-security cooperation mechanism, brings together four nations – India,
Israel, USA, and UAE – to collaborate on development issues. The focus areas encompass
health, water, transportation, food security, space, and energy.
Body:
Transformative Impacts of I2U2
Geo-Political Context:
• Normalization of Arab-Israel Ties: The mediation of the US in the Abraham

Accords has led to the historic normalization of relations between Arab countries
and Israel.
• Ukraine Crisis and Food Security Challenges: The Ukraine crisis has underscored
the significance of food security amidst rising oil prices.
• Growing Chinese Influence in West Asia: China's expanding influence in the West
Asian region has prompted a need for countervailing strategies.
• Russia-China-Iran Axis: The alignment of Russia, China, and Iran has brought
about geopolitical realignments in the region.
• UAE's Shift to Post-Hydrocarbon Economy: UAE's emphasis on transitioning to a
post-hydrocarbon economy has geopolitical and economic implications.
I2U2's Transformation of India's Geo-Political Position:
• Recognition of India's Regional Importance: The USA and West Asian nations
acknowledge India's role in addressing regional challenges.
• Multilateral Engagement through Minilaterals: I2U2 underscores India's
participation in minilaterals like the QUAD, showcasing its multilateral approach.
• Leveraging Diverse Capabilities: I2U2 leverages the unique capabilities,
knowledge, and experiences of all four member nations.
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• Alignment with Countering Chinese Penetration: I2U2's strategic focus aligns with
India's aim to counterbalance Chinese influence in West Asia.
• Enhancement of Bilateral Relations: Strengthened partnerships with Israel, UAE,
and the USA enhance India's bilateral relationships.
• Balancing Engagement amidst Geo-Political Complexities: India engages in areas
of mutual interest without allowing geopolitical complexities to overshadow
cooperation.
• Addressing Energy Politics and Climate Change: Collaboration addresses energy
challenges and climate change through low-carbon development and renewable
energy projects.
Geo-Economics:
• Boosting Agri-Exports through Infrastructure: Development of food processing

infrastructure in India enhances agricultural exports.
• Economic Gains for India: Enhanced commodity exports and increased farmer
income are expected outcomes.
• Extending Expertise to Manufacturing Sector: Future potential lies in extending
expertise to manufacturing via logistics and infrastructure development.
• Empowering Start-Up Ecosystem: I2U2's hubs in Abu Dhabi and Dubai empower
India's start-up ecosystem through technology and financing support.
Conclusion:
I2U2's Expanding Approach
From a mere energy interest-oriented approach to the West, India's approach has evolved
into one that involves both thinking and acting in the West. The institutionalization of
I2U2 reflects this expanded approach, poised to yield transformative outcomes across geo-
political and geo-economic dimensions.
Legacy IAS Academy
Q) Can the newly initiated Ayushman Bharat Health

Infrastructure Mission effectively address the
'Infrastructure gap' that has hindered the successful
execution of the Ayushman Bharat Scheme? Provide a
critical analysis.
(15 marks, 250 words) [GS-2: Health]
Introduction:
The Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission is a significant nationwide initiative
aimed at enhancing and establishing sustainable healthcare infrastructure in India. With a
financial commitment of Rs. 64,180 crores over the period from 2021-22 to 2025-26, this
mission holds the potential to revolutionize the healthcare landscape.
Main Body:
Components of the Mission:
The Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission is composed of three key
components:
• Filling Critical Infrastructure Gaps: The mission seeks to address gaps in public
health infrastructure, particularly in critical care and primary care facilities,
spanning both urban and rural regions.
• Establishing Disease Surveillance: The initiative aims to create an IT-enabled
disease surveillance system through a network of surveillance laboratories at
various administrative levels, enabling timely detection, investigation, and
management of health emergencies.
• Enabling Comprehensive Pandemic Research: The mission strives to enhance
India's pandemic readiness by strengthening viral diagnostics and research
laboratories, both regionally and nationally.
Positive Impact on Ayushman Bharat Scheme:
Strengthening Primary Healthcare Infrastructure:
• The initiative targets the enhancement of primary healthcare facilities, a crucial

component of the Ayushman Bharat Scheme.
Legacy IAS Academy
• This improvement in primary care infrastructure ensures better implementation of
the scheme's objectives.
Addressing Healthcare Disparities:
• The mission takes into account the disparity in healthcare services between urban
and rural areas, which is in line with WHO's recommendations.
• By focusing on both settings, the initiative aims to provide equitable healthcare
access to all citizens.
Training Primary Care Physicians:
• The scarcity of primary care physicians is being addressed through training

initiatives under the mission, ensuring a larger pool of healthcare providers for
health and wellness centers.
Reducing Disease Burden:
• The mission emphasizes early detection and treatment through health and wellness
clinics.
• By prioritizing primary care and prevention, it contributes to reducing the overall
disease burden in the country.
Ensuring Non-Disruption during Pandemics:
• The establishment of critical care hospital blocks aids in providing specialized care
during pandemics, ensuring that non-COVID-19 patients receive necessary
treatment without interruptions.
Challenges and Considerations:
Budgetary Support and Implementation:
• Adequate budget allocation and effective execution are crucial for the mission's
success.
• India's low healthcare spending as a percentage of GDP (1.35%) compared to
countries like France (11%) highlights the need for increased funding.
State-Centric Implementation:
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• As healthcare is a state subject, coordination between central planning and state-
level execution remains a challenge.
• The success of the mission requires seamless collaboration between various
administrative levels.
Digital Infrastructure Focus:
• Some experts argue that the mission's emphasis on digital infrastructure might
overshadow other essential aspects of healthcare enhancement.
• Achieving a balanced approach is necessary for comprehensive healthcare
improvement.
Conclusion:
The Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission holds immense promise in
revolutionizing India's healthcare ecosystem. By focusing on strengthening primary care,
reducing disparities, and ensuring pandemic preparedness, the mission aligns with the
nation's healthcare needs.
While challenges such as budget allocation and effective implementation persist,

addressing these issues will be pivotal in realizing the mission's potential. The mission's
success has the potential to create a healthier populace, positively impacting India's overall
socio-economic development in the years to come.

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Legacy IAS Academy

#1535, 39th Cross Road, Kottapalaya,

• Normalization of Arab-Israel Ties: The mediation of the US in the Abraham

I2U2's Transformation of India's Geo-Political Position:

• Boosting Agri-Exports through Infrastructure: Development of food processing

Q) Can the newly initiated Ayushman Bharat Health

Positive Impact on Ayushman Bharat Scheme:

Strengthening Primary Healthcare Infrastructure:

• The initiative targets the enhancement of primary healthcare facilities, a crucial

Addressing Healthcare Disparities:

Training Primary Care Physicians:

• The scarcity of primary care physicians is being addressed through training

Reducing Disease Burden:

Ensuring Non-Disruption during Pandemics:

Challenges and Considerations:

Budgetary Support and Implementation:

Digital Infrastructure Focus:

While challenges such as budget allocation and effective implementation persist,

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