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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:04/April-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
AUTOMATION OF WATER SUPPLYING SYSTEM USING PLC

P. Ravi Kumar*1, J. Vasudevan*2, M. Vengatesh*3
*1Associate Professor, Department Of Electronics And Instrumentation, K L N College Of
Engineering, Sivagangai, Tamilnadu, India.
*2,3Student, Department Of Electronics And Instrumentation, K L N College Of Engineering,
Sivagangai, Tamilnadu, India.

DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS35546
ABSTRACT
Over the last 50 years, the population has doubled and continues to grow. As a result, the use of water to drink,
cook, and meet other needs has tripled. As the global population is boom in the coming decades, water
resources need to be managed more efficiently. Our idea is to automate the corporation water supplying system
to the streets of the city with the use of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) in water management
systems which provides an efficient and effective solution for monitoring and controlling water distribution
and storage. Initially the level of the reservoir tank is sensed and the command is given by the PLC to the pump
which fills the tank and supplies automatically to the needed regions in a particular given time. The PLC
receives inputs from sensors such as water level, flow, and uses this information to control outputs such as
pumps, valves, and alarms. The system can be integrated and operated with Human Machine Interface (HMI)
systems for real-time monitoring and controlling. This allows for automation of tasks such as regulating water
flow, detecting and reporting any issues or alarms, and ensuring safe and efficient operation of the water
management system. The implementation of this system allows for efficient and automated management of
water resources, reducing the risk of water wastage and improving water usage efficiency. The results of the
system have shown improved water management capabilities and highlight the potential of PLC technology in
water management systems.
Keywords: PLC,HMI(Human Machine Interface),Automation, Water Management, Ladder Logic, Data Logging,
Level Monitoring, Society Impact, Water Management.
I. INTRODUCTION
In this paper, we will discuss the automation of water supplying systems using PLCs, its advantages, and how it
can be implemented. Automating water supply systems using Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) is
becoming increasingly popular due to the many benefits it offers. Here we used a PLCs (a computer-based
control systems)which used to automate,manage and control the water supply , level and modes of operations
with multiple mordernized functions . In the case of water supply systems, PLCs can be used to control the flow
of water through pipes, tanks, pumps, and valves, thereby ensuring efficient and effective management of the
system.With PLC-based automation, water supply systems can be made more reliable, efficient, and cost-
effective. For instance, a PLC-based system can monitor the water level in a tank and automatically start or stop
the pump based on the demand. The system can also detect leaks, pressure drops, and other issues in the
pipeline and alert operators, thereby preventing wastage and reducing downtime. The advantage of using this
method is to reduce human mistakes and ensure proper distribution.
II. METHODOLOGY
The proposed model is introduced to overcome all the existing old systems and move us towards the
modernized environment. Here all the input (switches and sensors) and outputs (pumps,valves and indicators)
are connected to the PLC and the HMI is programmed and interfaced with the PLC through RS232
comunication.
Tank level
Here once the process is started,initially the level of the central water tank is measured with the two typical
level sensors that is low level sensor and high level sensor which probabbly sends the input (level) to the PLC.
Depend on the level of the tank the sub level water pump is powerd up automatically and fills the tank untill the
plc recive the input from the high level sensor to avoid the overflow.
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Setpoints
Before supplying the water the setpoints are given as input in the HMI which was the maximum flow of water
per minute for each house/station throuth their pipe it was measured previously during the installation of the
supply to the house/station which is used to calculate the bill based on their usage of water And the another
setpoint is the time limit for the water supplying system to control the valves of each street which is entered
seperately for each streets in minutes based on their need.
Modes of operation
After the setpoints in given , the next stage is selecting the mode of operation in the HMI before supplying the
water to the streets.For our convenience operation we used three modes of water supplying.
 Automatic mode – In this mode once the supply is turned on the valve of the street 1 is opened.once the time
limit of the street 1 is reached it automatically switch overed to the street 2 and opened the valve of the street 2
and goes on… this mode reduces the man power,time and the risk factor.
 Manual mode – Once the mode is switched to the manual mode from the auto mode the operator can able to
supply the water for the specific streets once the time limit of the streets is reached it closes the valve do not
switch over to the next street.
 Simultaneous mode – In this mode the operator can able to open the valve of all the streets to supply the
water simultaneously to all the streets.
Data logging and Bill generating
Here the data logging is important because which is used to generate the bill and calculates the overall water
usage seperatly for each house.the flow sensor which is mounted after the valve of each house the data logging
and bill generating is started when the consumer of the water opens the valve of their house and the sensor
detects the flow and sends the signal to the PLC and which starts to logging the data of the flow for every 30
seconds and the flow of water which is multiplied to the respective amount to generate the bill.
III. MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Figure 1:- Block diagram

The above block diagram is the overview of this system.
COMPONENTS USED
PLC
PLC stands for "Programmable Logic Controller," which is a type of computerized control system that is widely
used in industrial and manufacturing settings. PLCs are designed to automate processes and machinery by
receiving input from various sensors and other devices, processing the data using a pre-programmed logic
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program, and then outputting control signals to operate equipment and machinery. PLCs are flexible and can be
easily reprogrammed to adapt to different tasks, making them a popular choice for automation in a wide range
of industries.
HMI
HMI stands for "Human-Machine Interface," which is a user interface that allows a person to interact with a
machine or system, such as a PLC, in a graphical and intuitive way. In the context of PLCs, an HMI typically
includes a graphical display or touch screen that provides visual feedback on the status of the system and
allows the user to input commands or change settings. The HMI may also include various input devices, such as
buttons, switches, and knobs, as well as alarms and notifications to alert the user of any issues or errors.
Overall, an HMI is an important component of a PLC system, as it provides a way for operators and engineers to
monitor and control the system in real-time.
Hyraulic valves
Hydraulic valves are often used in flow control applications to regulate the flow of fluid in a hydraulic system. A
hydraulic valve can be used to adjust the flow rate of a hydraulic system by restricting or increasing the fluid
flow through the valve. This is achieved by adjusting the valve's position or by changing the valve's opening or
closing time.
Flow sensors
Flow sensors work by detecting the movement of fluid through a pipe or channel and converting that
movement into an electrical signal that can be used to calculate the flow rate or volume.
Water pump
A water pump is a mechanical device that is used to move water from one place to another. Water pumps are
commonly used in residential, commercial, and industrial applications to provide a consistent supply of water
for various purposes, such as irrigation, water supply, and water circulation.
RS232 communication
RS232 is a type of serial communication protocol that is commonly used in industrial automation applications,
including PLC and HMI systems allowing for the exchange of data between the two devices. This data exchange
can include information on the status of the system, input/output signals, and other important parameters.
IV. RESULT GENERATION
Increased efficiency: Automation can help to optimize the water supply system and reduce energy
consumption, resulting in cost savings.
Improved accuracy: PLC and HMI can help to ensure that the system operates with high accuracy and
reliability, reducing errors and minimizing downtime.
Remote monitoring: HMI can enable remote and live monitoring of the water supply system, allowing for real-
time data visualization and control from a central location.
Access control: Implementing password protection for both the PLC and HMI systems can help to prevent
unauthorized access and control of the system.
Automatic alerts: Alarms can be configured to alert system operators or maintenance personnel in the event
of a problem or failure, allowing for quick resolution and minimizing the impact on the system
Enhanced Data Management: PLC and HMI can store data regarding the water supply system operation,
which can be used for analysis and improvements in the system's design
Enhanced safety: Automation can help to improve safety by reducing the need for manual intervention and
minimizing the risk of accidents or errors
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The overall final execution and output is obtained successfully and which is monitored and controlled by using
the HMI ( Human Machine Interface)

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HMI SCREEN 1
Figure 2:- Animated tank level monitoring

HMI SCREEN 2:
Figure 3:- control operation screen

*setpoint, control functions and mode of operations are handled in this screen
Figure 4:- Security login

*Security login is used in the HMI screen 3 to avoid unaurthorized access and control of the system

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HMI SCREEN 3:
Figure 5:- street and water supply monitoring screen
Figure 6:- Data logging and bill generation depends on their usage of water with house details

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HMI SCREEN 4:
Figure 7:- Alarm history screen

*This screen provides the overall status of the process and also indicates if any fault or failure occurs
VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper ,we propose system to automate the water supplying system using PLC .which is a promising
project that can improve the efficiency and reliability of water supply systems. By using PLC technology, it is
possible to automate various aspects of the water supply system, including water flow regulation, tank level
monitoring, pump control, and water quality monitoring. The benefits of this automation project include
reduced energy consumption, improved water quality, increased system reliability, and reduced labor costs. the
automation of water supply systems using PLC technology has the potential to significantly improve water
management and conservation efforts, and can be a valuable investment for water supply companies and
municipalities.
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[7] Chengyu Hu;Dijun Tian;Xuesong Yan, “Research on placement of water quality sensor in water
distribution systems”, Proceeding of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation,
2014.

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e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

AUTOMATION OF WATER SUPPLYING SYSTEM USING PLC

Sivagangai, Tamilnadu, India.

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

Figure 1:- Block diagram

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

Figure 2:- Animated tank level monitoring

Figure 3:- control operation screen

Figure 4:- Security login

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Figure 5:- street and water supply monitoring screen

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Figure 7:- Alarm history screen

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