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1010
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
Charles’ Law
GAS
 Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 2: Charles’ Law
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon

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Development Team of the Module

Author/s : Silverio B. Balanay Jr.

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Reviewers : Ellen A. Azuelo, PhD, Rejynne Mary L. Ruiz, PhD
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 Lesso
Introduction to
n
Charles’ Law
1
A. OVERVIEW
This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Chemistry specifically on the Nature of Charles’ Law. The
scope of this lesson permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. Moreover, the
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.
Objectives
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify the relationship between volume and temperature;
2. graph the relationship between volume and temperature; and
3. connect real life experiences to this gas law.
Pre-Assessment
Multiple Choices: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer.
1. V∝T is said to be
A. constant B. direct C. equal D. inverse
For 2 to 5, choose your answer based on the following choices:
A. Avogadro’s Law C. Charles’ Law
B. Boyle’s Law D. Gay-Lussac’s Law
2. What Gas Law will explain a hot air balloon?
3. What law describes the Volume-Temperature relationship?
4. Who Law proposed by Jacques Charles?
5. A law which states that volume and temperature, described in kelvins are
directly proportional if the number of gas particles and pressure are constant.
6. Which of the following diagram best describe Charles’ Law?
A. ↓ V → ↑ T, ↑ V → ↓ T C. ↓ V → ↑ T, ↑ V → ↑ T
B. ↓ V → ↓ T, ↑ V → ↓ T D. ↓ V → ↓ T, ↑ V → ↑ T
7. Which of the following corresponding relationship if Volume increases?
A. increased V B. increased T C. decreased V D. decreased T
8. Which of the following is true if Temperature increases?
A. increased V B. increased T C. decreased V D. decreased T
9. Which of the following corresponding relationship if Volume decreases?
A. increased V B. increased T C. decreased V D. decreased T
10. Which of the following corresponding relationship if Temperature decreases?
A. increased V B. increased T C. decreased V D. decreased T

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Prior Knowledge

Let us recall the first gas law you have learned on our previous module which
was the Boyle’s Law.

Pressure – Volume Relationship

Decreased volume → Increased pressure/Increased volume → Decreased pressure

Figure1.1 Boyle’s Law demonstration (Source: Bishop Book 13) V

B. PRESENTATION
In this lesson, you will be introduced to a new gas law,
the Charles’ Law.
Charles’ Law
This law was named after Jacques A.C. Charles. He
came up with the observation that the volume of the gas will
change with change in temperature provided that the pressure
would not change. Charles’ Law states that volume and
temperature, described in kelvins, are directly proportional if
the number of gas particles and pressure are constant.
Figure 1.2 Jacques A.C.
V∝T at constant P and n Charles
V=kT or V/T=k Source: Britannica.com

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 ACTIVITY 1
DEFINING VARIABLES
Let’s Find Out: The expounded terms of Charles’ Law variables
Let’s Do It This Way: Identify the expounded terms of Charles’ Law variables. Base
your answer on the box below. (2 points each)
Final Number of
Temperature STP Volume Initial Volume
Volume mole
Initial STP Final
Pressure Volume
Temperature Temperature Temperature

T1 1.
V1 2.
T2 3.
V2 4.
T 5.
V 6.
mol 7.
P 8.
22.4L 9.
273.15 K 10.

Concept Development

Understanding Charles’ Law

Figure 1.2 Charles’ Law Demonstration (Source: Bishop Book 13)

Explanation

The increase in temperature of the gas leads to an increase in the average

velocity of the gas particles, which leads in turn to more collisions with the walls of
the container and a greater force per collision. This greater force acting on the walls
of the container leads to an initial increase in gas pressure. Thus, the increased
temperature of the gas creates an internal pressure, acting on the bottom of the

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piston that is greater than the external pressure. The greater internal pressure
causes the piston to move up, increasing the volume of the chamber.
Logical Presentation
Increased Temperature → Increased average velocity of the gas particles
↓
Increased number of collision with the walls and increased force per collision
↓
Initial increase in force per area that is in pressure
↓
Inside pressure is greater than the external pressure
↓
Increased Volume ← Container expands → Decreased pressure until inside
pressure equals the external pressure
Activities
Volume-Temperature Relationship in Charles’ Law
In this law, the gas volume and temperature relationship is said to be directly
proportional. This means that if the pressure and the number of gas particles are
constant and if the temperature is increased, the volume of the gas it occupies also
increases.
ACTIVITY 2
THE RELATIONSHIP
Let’s Find Out: The relationship of Charles’ Law variables
Let’s Do It This Way: Identify the corresponding relationship of the variables given
on the table below. (3 points each)
Decreased volume 1.
Increased temperature 2.
Increased volume 3.
Decreased temperature 4.

Assessment
Answer briefly.
How will you define the relationship of Temperature and Volume in Charles’
Law? Explain your answer in 3 to 5 sentences. (15 points)

C. APPLICATION
ACTIVITY 3
GRAPHING THE RELATIONSHIP
Let’s Find Out: The graphical representation of Charles’ Law
Let’s Do It This Way: graph representation of Charles’ Law. (15 points)

D. GENERALIZATION
Based on the lesson, what have you learned? Give your insights by presenting it
through graphic organizer. Answer briefly.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 E. POST ASSESSMENT
Multiple Choice: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What are the constant values needed to demonstrate Charles’ Law?
A. T and mole B. P and mole C. V and T D. P and T
2. What causes the value of volume to increase according to Charles’ Law?
A. ↑ value of T B. ↑ value of V C. ↑ value of mole D. ↑ value of P
3. What causes the value of volume to decrease according to Charles’ Law?
A. ↓ value of T B. ↓ value of V C. ↓ value of mole D. ↓ value of P
4. Which of the following is the correct graphical representation of Charles’ Law?

T T T T

V A. V B. V C. V D.
5. What is the relationship between temperature and volume?
A. constant B. direct C. equal D. inverse
6. V∝T is said to be __________.
A. constant B. direct C. equal D. inverse
7. Which gas law can explain about the hot air balloon?
A. Avogadro’s Law C. Charles’ Law
B. Boyle’s Law D. Gay-Lussac’s Law
8. What law describes the Volume-Temperature relationship?
A. Avogadro’s Law C. Charles’s Law
B. Boyle’s Law D. Gay-Lussac’s Law
9. Who is the proponent of Charles’ Law?
A. Amadeo Avogadro C. Jacques Charles
B. Joseph Gay-Lussac D. Robert Boyle
10. A law which states that volume and temperature, described in kelvins, are
directly proportional if the number of gas particles and pressure are constant.
A. Avogadro’s Law C. Charles’ Law
B. Boyle’s Law D. Gay-Lussac’s Law

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 Lesso
n Charles’ Law Equation
2
A. OVERVIEW

This lesson will enhance your understanding on the equation that pertains to
Charles’ Law.
Objectives
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. derive Charles’ Law equation;
2. solve situational problems related to Charles’ Law; and
3. relate this equation to real life experiences.

Pre-Assessment
Part I-Multiple Choices: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is the correct derivation of Charles’ Law equation
(V1/T1=V2/T2) when V1 (initial volume) is missing?

A. V1 = B. V1 = C. V1 = D. V1 =
2. Which of the following is the correct derivation of Charles’ Law equation
(V1/T1=V2/T2) when T1 (initial temperature) is missing?

A. T1 = B. T1 = C. T1 = D. T1 =

3. Which of the following is the correct derivation of Charles’ Law equation

(V1/T1=V2/T2) when T2 (final temperature) is missing?

A. T2 = B. T2 = C. T2 = D. T2 =

4. Which of the following is the correct derivation of Charles’ Law equation

(V1/T1=V2/T2) when V2 (final volume) is missing?

A. V2 = B. V2 = C. V2 = D. V2 =

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 T
5. Juan subjected a 10 L gas at STP with doubled TEMPERATURE. What will
happen to the final V?
A. doubled B. half C. same
V
D. Quadrupled

Prior Knowledge
Below is a clear stipulation of Charles’ Law.

Temperature – Volume Relationship

Increased temperature → Increased volume/
Decreased temperature → Decreased volume

Figure3.1 Charles’ Law Demonstration (Source: Bishop Book 13)

B. PRESENTATION
Charles’ Law Equation
Charles’ Law states that the volume and temperature, described in Kelvins,
are directly proportional if the number of gas particles and pressure are constant.
Mathematically speaking, Charles’ Law is expressed as:

V∝T at constant P and n V=kT or V/T=k

Derivation of Charles’ Law Equation

Unknown Derived Equation

T1 → V1T2 = V2T1 → → T1 =

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 V1 → V1T2 = V2T1 → → V1 =

T2 → V1T2 = V2T1 → → T2 =

V2 → V1T2 = V2T1 → → V2 =

Concept Development

The increased volume leads to a decrease in gas pressure in the container,

until the internal pressure is once again equal to the constant external pressure.
Similar reasoning can be used to explain why decreased temperature leads to
decreased volume when the number of gas particles and pressure are held constant.

Activities

Study the sample problems with the corresponding solutions below.

Sample Problem 1
Kr gas occupies a volume of 1.75 L at 25.0 °C. Determine the volume of the
gas if the temperature is increased to 50 °C.
Given: Formula: Conversion: Solution:
V1 = 1.75 L
Since our Temperature is
T1 = 25.0 °C
T2 = 50.0 °C on °C, we need to convert
V2 = ? (V1)(T2) = (V2) (T1) it into K.
T1: 25.0 °C + 273.15 =
298.15 K V2 = 1.90 L

T2: 50.0 °C + 273.15 =

323.15 K
Given: Formula: Conversion:
Sample V1Problem
= 1.75 L 2 Since our Temperature is on °C,
TKr
1 =gas occupies
25.0 °C a volume of 1.75 L at 25.0 °C. Determine the volume of the
gas if the we need to convert it into K.
T2 =temperature
20.0 °C is decreased to 20 °C.
V2 = ? (V1)(T2) = (V2) (T1)
T1: 25.0 °C + 273.15 = 298.15 K
T2: 20.0 °C + 273.15 = 293.15 K

Solution:

V2 = 1.72 L
Assessment
ACTIVITY 1
OH MY GAS! PART I
Let’s Find Out: More about Charles’ Law
Let’s Do It This Way: Use the formula of Charles’ Law to solve the puzzle.

Note: Some of the missing value requires you to utilize the STP value of gas properties.
Constant P Constant V
V1 V2 T1 T2
1 2 38.0 °C 24.168°C

C. APPLICATION
ACTIVITY 2
OH MY GAS! PART II
Let’s Find Out: The solution to the following problem
Let’s Use These Materials: notebook, pen, and calculator
Let’s Do It This Way: Using Charles’ Law, try to solve the following situational
problem.

1. A cylinder with a movable piston contains 250 cm 3 of air at 10°C. If the

pressure is kept constant, at what temperature would you expect the volume
to be at 150 cm3?

D. GENERALIZATION
Based on the lesson, what have you learned? Give your insights by presenting it
through graphic organizer. Answer briefly.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

E. POST ASSESSMENT

Problem Solving. Solve the following situational problem.

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 A sample of CO2 was confined to a container at constant pressure and
number of molecules. When the temperature applied to the gas was 323.15 K, the
volume occupied by the gas became 5 L.

1. How much temperature must be exerted to increase the volume of the gas to
6.00 L? (10 points)

Lesso
n Real Life Application of
Charles’ Law
3
A. OVERVIEW

Prepare to apply Charles’ Law in real life!

Objectives
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. analyze how Charles’ Law interacts on daily life situations
2. identify examples that demonstrates Charles’ Law; and
3. appreciate encountered real life experiences that related to Charles’ Law.

Pre-Assessment
PART I - Multiple Choices: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following examples best describe the Charles’ Law?
A. hot air balloon C. car tire
B. pressure cooker D. syringe
2. Juan subjected a 10 L gas at STP with doubled temperature. What will happen to
the final V?
A. doubled C. half
B. same D. not enough data
3. What Gas Law will explain a hot air balloon?
A. Avogadro’s Law C. Boyle’s Law
B. Charles’ Law D. Gay-Lussac’s Law
4. Which of the following examples demonstrates Charles’ Law?

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 A. hot air balloon C. pressure cooker
B. lungs D. scuba diving
5. If pressure is constant, the relationship between temperature and volume
is____.
A. direct C. equal
B. inverse D. unequal
PART II-Problem Solving
6. Ne gas occupies a volume of 355 mL at 345 K. Determine the volume of the
gas if the temperature is decreased to 200 K. (5 points)

Prior Knowledge
Charles’ Law Equation
This serves as a review. Charles’ Law states that the volume and
temperature, described in kelvins, are directly proportional if the number of gas
particles and pressure are constant. Mathematically, Charles’ Law is expressed as:

Derivation of Charles’ Law Equation

Unknown Derived Equation

T1 → V1T2 = V2T1 → → T1 =

V1 → V1T2 = V2T1 → → V1 =

T2 → V1T2 = V2T1 → → T2 =

V2 → V1T2 = V2T1 → → V2 =

ACTIVITY 1
OH MY GAS: PART IV
Let’s Find Out: More on Charles’ Law equation
Let’s Do It This Way: Use the formula of the Charles’ laws to solve the puzzle.
Note: Some of the missing value requires you to utilize the STP value of gas properties.

T1 V1 T2 V2
1 2L 2°C 1L
1°C 2 2°C 2L
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1.5°C 4L 3 6L
4°C 1L 1°C 4
2°C 3L 3°C 5

B. PRESENTATION
One example which demonstrates Charles’ Law is the
hot air balloon.

Figure 3.1 Hot air

balloon

Concept Development
CHEMISTRY REAL LIFE CONNECTION
Temperature-Volume Relationship in Charles’ Law
Hot air balloon. When the gas in a hot air balloon is heated with a small
propane burner, the air particles move faster and they spread out, causing the
volume to increase and the balloon to expand. During this process, some of the gas
escape to the atmosphere. These factors decrease the density of the gas and the
balloon rises and floats in the air. Jacques Charles used his knowledge of the
behavior of gas to pursue his hobby and made his first balloon flight in 1783. Twenty
years later, another balloonist studied the temperature-pressure relationship and set
an altitude record that lasted for 50 years.

Activities
ACTIVITY 1
OH MY GAS! PART I
Instruction: Complete the diagram below by providing the missing value/s. Use
the formula of Charles’ Law to solve the puzzle.
Note: Some of the missing value requires you to utilize the STP value of gas properties.
Constant P Constant V
V1 V2 T1 T2
1 2 273.15K 131.665K

Assessment
ACTIVITY 2
OH MY GAS1 PART II
Let’s Find Out: Charles’ Law equation

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Let’s Do It This Way: Identify which of the following examples explain Charles’ Law.
Explain your answer. (15 points)

Figure 3.2 Syringe Figure 3.3 Pressure Cooker Figure 3.4 Hot Air Balloon

Source: Canva

C. APPLICATION
ACTIVITY 3
OH MY GAS! PART III
Let’s Find Out: About common conditions
Let’s Do It This Way: Identify which of the following describes Charles’ Law. Put a
check if it does, put a cross if it does not.
Charles’ Law
Lungs 1.
Air trapped in syringe 1.
Heating aerosol 2.
Inflating a balloon 3.
Inflated balloon 4.
Spraying aerosol 5.
Pressure cooker 6.
Deflated tire 7.
Baking bread 8.
Hot air breeze 9.

D. GENERALIZATION
Based on the lesson, what have you learned? Give your insights by presenting it
through graphic organizer. Answer briefly.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

E. POST ASSESSMENT
PART I-Multiple Choice: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer.
1. Which of the following examples best describes Charles’ Law?

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 A. hot air balloon C. car tire
B. pressure cooker D. syringe
2. Juan subjected a 10 L gas at STP with doubled temperature. What will happen to
the final V?
A. doubled C. halved
B. same D. not enough data
3. Which Gas Law can explain a hot air balloon?
A. Avogadro’s Law C. Boyle’s Law
B. Charles’ Law D. Gay-Lussac’s Law
4. Which of the following examples demonstrates Charles’ Law?
A. hot air balloon C. pressure cooker
B. lungs D. scuba diving
5. If pressure is constant, the relationship between T and V is _____.
A. Direct B. inverse C. equal D. unequal
PART II-Problem Solving
6. Ne gas occupies a volume of 355 mL at 345 K. Determine the volume of the
gas if the temperature is decreased to 200 K. (5 points)

Answer Key

(Lesson 1)

BAABBBCCCC
Post Assessment

STP Temperature
STP Volume
Pressure
Application Number of Molecules
Refer to the attached rubric Volume
Assessment Temperature
Increased Volume Final Volume
Decreased Temperature Final Temperature
Decreased Volume Initial Volume
BCCCCDBADC
Increased Temperature Initial Temperature
Activities Presentation Pre-Assessment

(Lesson 2)

0.21
Post Assessment

AABBA
4°C1L2.25°C0.5L4.5LPre-Assessment
Prior Knowledge
1. 22.4L 2. 10.79°C
14 Activities
1-15 Refer to the attached rubric
XXXXXXXX/XX/X//Assessment
Application
(Lesson 3)
AABAA387.78K
Post Assessment
16.25 mL
Application

2. 21.4L 1. 22.4L AABAA193.89K

Assessment Pre-Assessment

References

Andaya, Mylene O., Aquino, MArites D., Biong, Jonna A., Valdoz, Meliza P. Science
links: Worktext for scientific and technology literacy. Rex Book Store, Inc. 856
Nicanor Reyes Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila. Philippines. 2015.
Baguio, Saranay M., Butaran, Rose Mary B. Breaking through chemistry. C & E
Publishing, Inc. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City. 2007.
Chang, Rey. General chemistry: the essential concepts. Fourth Edition. McGraw-Hill
Education (Asia). 2006.
Dingrando, Laurel, Gregg, Kathleen V., Hainen, Nicholas, Wistrom, Cheryl.
Chemistry: Matter and change. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2002.
Paano, Anamy Maria C., Sta. Ana, Susan T. Exploring the realms of Science:
Chemistry. JO-ES Publishing House, Inc. 2011.

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