Trends 1
Trends 1
Trends 1
Trends, Networks,
and Critical
Thinking Skills in
the 21st Century
QUARTER IV:
ENHANCED CONTENT STANDARDS:
Analyze the concepts of democratic interventions, ICT, social and neural networks.
The democratic practices in the country are meant to benefit the people. If only its resources,
workforce and funds were never exploited by several individuals, finding solutions for the country’s
multitude of economic and political problems would never be impossible.
EXAMPLES of DEMOCRATIC PRACTICES
1. Freedom of Speech – the ability to express thoughts, opinions, ideas and perceptions freely.
2. Inclusiveness and Equality – the practice of embracing and accepting all types of people in
society and treating them fairly and justly.
3. Suffrage – this is the right of a citizen to exercise the process of voting in any political election.
The foundation of every healthy democracy, ensuring that government authority derives from
the will of the people.
4. Citizen Participation – is a process that gives a person a chance to make positive effects on
public decisions and can take the initiative to improve quality of life, work, and the relationship
between society and government.
5. Right to Life – the right to live harmoniously in society, that no one has the right to punish, kill, or
destroy the sanctity of living
6. Minority Rights – the rights subject to members of ethnic groups, religious groups, gender and
sexual crisis.
7. Constitutional Government – is defined by the existence of a constitution which may be a legal
instrument or merely a set of fixed norms or principles generally accepted as the fundamental
law of the polity that effectively controls the exercise of political power.
On the other hand, undemocratic practices are practices that affect society and government in
many different ways, usually denying the people's rights to freedom of expression, property ownership,
religious practices, etc.
These practices include corruption, martial law, vote buying, and any other ordinances that restrict
freedom among its citizens. Although these were common trends in the country in the past, they were
eventually overshadowed by corruption and poverty, which are the main problems of most 3rd world
countries today. Furthermore, undemocratic practices are still severe problems in the country but there are
already a few ways to deal with such problems to prevent any further troubles in the government and the
society. And one of those effective ways of dealing with societal problems is the education of the young
people.
The Effects of Undemocratic Practices:
1. Poverty – the state of being insufficient in needs and showing inferiority in many manners.
2. Gender Biases – an unfair or unequal treatment of one gender to another. It shows prejudice or
preference towards a person's identity.
3. Political Marginalization – a social exclusion or disadvantage to the growth and development of the
society
4. Racial Inequality – it is a practice and belief that groups are identified as one superior and possess
high standards of physical traits and appearance.
5. Cultural Domination – it means that culture dominates other cultures by overtaking its economy,
policy, and behavioral aspects.
6. Crisis of representation – the co-occurrence of the financial crisis and the exposure of a political
class riddled with corruption reveals starkly the state was in, a crisis of representation.
7. Politics of recognition - define our identity always in dialogue with, sometimes in struggle against,
the things our significant others want to see in us
What is a Relationship?
Relationship refers to the way things, concepts, and people are
connected or related. It can also refer to the close connection between
people that is established over an extended period. A relationship is a
by-product of connection.
Here are some examples that can be considered a relationship;
• Boyfriend and girlfriend relationship.
• Family members (mother and child, husband and wife, etc.)
• Boss-employee relationship
Building a good relationship with others helps make a better place to be.
When people have a strong relationship in the workplace, team players
are more likely to perform better and build camaraderie that helps the
team to better perform and function as a team.
What is a Network?
Network is the process of interacting with others to exchange
information or ideas among people with a common profession
or interests. It is used by people to expand their circle of
acquaintances in an informal setting. Through networking,
people can find out information about many things such as
news, trends, jobs, concepts, ideas, information technology and
more in the world.
An example of networking is working with different divisions of
the same company to exchange and acquire information to
solve business problems.
Example of Network
Apostolic Vicariate of Bontoc-Lagawe Educational System – Catholic Schools in Mountain Province P a g e 9 | 13
What is a Neural Network?
It is a computing system that works like neurons in the human brain. This is a modeled human
brain modification created to recognize patterns. It is a software called "neutrons" connected together that
is able to solve a problem which strengthens the connections to succeed and diminishes those that lead to
failure. This neutral network can run and copy as the human brain does. It can also adapt to innovate the
input that brings out the best possible outcome. Neural Network is a software simulation, (imitation of the
operation of a real-world process or system) with plenty of interconnected brain cells inside the computer.
The system can learn things, recognize patterns, and make
decisions like the human way. Simply put, this neural network is an
artificial intelligence.
Neural networks can improve decision processes such as:
• Credit card and Medicare detection
• Medical and disease diagnosis
• Robotic control system
• Optimization of logistics for transportation networks
• Targeted marketing
• Predictions for the financial status of stock prices, currency
and
bond ratings.
• Language processing and voice recognition
• Quality Control
• Evaluation of Ecosystem
• Forecasting or energy and electricity
• Raw photos and video vision interpretation through computer
Example of a simple neural network:
According to David Rumelhart et al. (1986, p. 56), a neural network generally consists of the
following components:
- a set of processing units
- the state of activation of a processing unit
- the function used to compute the output of a processing unit
- the pattern of connectivity among processing units
- the rule of activation propagation
- the activation functions
- the rule of learning employed
SOCIAL NETWORK
A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as individuals or
organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between actors. The social network
perspective provides a set of methods for analyzing the structure of whole social entities as well as a
variety of theories explaining the patterns observed in these structures. The study of these structures uses
social network analysis to identify local and global patterns, locate influential entities, and examine network
dynamics.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 3:
A. Read and analyze the following situations and briefly answer the question that follows.
Write your answer on a whole sheet of pad paper.
1. Daniel has shown musical inclination since childhood. Composing songs was an easy thing for him. He
could notice right away if someone is out of tune. He already loved to swing his hands holding a stick, like a
conductor. He dreamt of becoming a choir director someday. But when he was in grade 9, his parents and
an economist uncle convinced him to take up Economics for a better chance of employment after
graduation. He chose the Accountancy and Business Management strand in senior high school and
eventually took up economics at a university. He was convinced that being an economist would be a more
lucrative career than being a musician. While studying, he did not forget his passion for music. Composing
and playing the piano were his forms of relaxation.
After four years, Daniel graduated with an economics degree to the delight of his parents. He also
felt proud of himself for finishing something not close to his heart. Soon after, he landed a good-paying job
at a company. But he could not feel satisfaction in his work after working for two years. He confided this to
his office manager, thinking his problem was work-related. He later revealed his passion for music and was
advised to enroll in a music school as a second course. He continued working while studying. Soon, he had
to choose to be a full-time musician working in the entertainment industry, producing and composing
songs. Sometimes he teaches music theories in school. Never did Daniel feel so fulfilled in life. (Adapted
from Urgel, 2017) If you were Daniel, would you make the same decision he made? How
important is our relationship with other people?
2. Carlo and his family lived in a depressed area. He was the third of five siblings. His father did not have a
permanent job and his mother accepted laundry services. His eldest brother, a high school graduate,
worked in a construction site. At 18, Carlo was still in high school. Carlo preferred to be out with his
barkada than finish his studies. He did not develop a close relationship with his family. Financial difficulties
led Carlo to work as a part-time pusher and occasional user. Almost all of his barkada were also into drug-
pushing.
One night, the police apprehended Carlo and Aga, one of his friends, for illegal drug possession.
They were brought to a minimum-security area and were required to do work such as cleaning comfort
rooms, scrubbing the pavement, and pulling the grass in the prison yard. There were also days for
planting vegetables in the prison’s garden.
B. Modified True or False. Write T if the statement is true. If the statement is false, write F and change the
word that made the statement erroneous.
_____1. A person considered a host on one occasion may be a voyeur in another event and may take
on some roles in other situations.
_____2. Changing the role of a person most likely changes the manner of treatment by other people and
their expectations of the person.
_____3. The role or the position itself commands respect and admiration regardless of the occupant or
player.
_____4. The oppositionists belong under the instigator.
_____5. The facilitator is confused for the host as he or she wants everybody to enjoy the occasion.
_____ 6. The popular one makes the community alive and exciting.
_____ 7. The social role valorization (SRV) accords valued roles for selected members of the
community.
_____ 8. The various roles are ranked in the order of prestige, value and importance instructed by the
community.
_____ 9. The popular is someone that everyone knows and can trust.
_____10. The facilitator is someone who entertains the guest