MAPEH 10

MUSIC

Constancio de Guzman Sr. (1903-1982)

A renowned music director and movie composer,

Constancio de Guzman Sr. was born on November
11, 1903 in Guiguinto, Bulacan. His parents were
Higino de Guzman and Margarita Canseco. He
studied piano and composition under the
tutelage of Nicanor Abelardo in Manila.
However, his father wanted him to study law.
That is why he shifted to commerce and in 1931,
he was able to finish a business administration
course. He passed the board exam for public
accountants in 1932. He started to work in
movies as the music director of Sampaguita,
LVN, Royal, Lea, Excelsior, and Tagalog llang-
ilang.

At the age of 79, he died on August 16,1982.

His notable compositions include the following:

- Maalaala Mo Kaya (tango)

- Ang Langit Ko'y Ikaw Sinta (dansa)
- Bakit Mo Ako Pinaluluha(tango)
- Pamaypay ng Maynila (balitaw)
- Ang Tangi Kong Pag-ibig(dansa)
- Sa Duyan ng Pagmamahal (tango)
- Nasaan Ngayon ang Sumpa Mo sa Akin (kundiman)
- Bayan Ko (nationalistic song) Sa Piling Mo(tango)

De Guzman received the following awards and citations:

- Gold Medal, Paris International Fair for "Ang Bayan Ko" and "Kung Kitay
Kapiling,"1948
- Best Musical Score, Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS)
Awards, 1960
- Best Filipino Composer and Lyricist, AWIT Awards, 1969
Levi Celerio (1910-2002)

A very prolific songwriter and the 1997 National

Artist for Music and Literature, Levi Celerio was born
on April 30, 1910 in Tondo, Manila. He studied at the
Academy of Music in Manila. He was Manila Symphony
Orchestra's youngest member.

He died on April 2, 2002 at the age of 91, and was

buried with full military honors at the National
Heroes' Cemetery (Libingan ng mga Bayani).

Celerio's compositions range from Philippine folk

songs, Christmas songs, love songs, to patriotic songs.

He wrote more than 4,000 songs and among them are the following:

Christmas Songs

- Pasko na Naman
- Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon (Ang Pasko ay Sumapit)
- Misa de Gallo

Patriotic Songs

- Tinig ng Bayan
- Ang Bagong Lipunan
- Lupang Pangarap

Love Songs

- Saan Ka Man Naroroon?

- Kahit Konting Pagtingin
- Gaano Ko lkaw Kamahal
- Kapag Puso'y Sinugatan
- lkaw
- Sa Ugoy ng Duyan
- O, Maliwanag na Buwan
- Dahil Sa Isang Bulaklak
- Bagong Silang
- Sapagkat Kami'y Tao Lamang

Celerio's awards include the following:

- Lifetime Achievement Award Film Academy of the Philippines

- National Artist of the Philippines for Music and Literature, 1997
Mike Velarde (1913-1985)

Guided by the principle “Think Filipino, Write

Filipino, and Sound Filipino,"

Miguel "Mike" Velarde, Jr. did not stop

composing songs and movie scores that would
reflect the richness of our musical heritage.
He was born on October 23, 1913 in Manila,
but after a year his family moved to
Zamboanga. He is the second son of Miguel
Velarde Sr., a medical doctor, and Dolores
Guison, who could sing well and also play the
piano. At age 6, Mike Velarde received his
first training in music from his mother who
taught him in his piano and violin lessons.
During high school, he became a member of
the orchestra of Zamboanga Normal School.
In 1931, he graduated valedictorian, and went to Manila to study medicine at the
University of the Philippines. However, music was his calling. So he decided to study
music, but this did not please his father. Velarde thought of this as a challenge to
prove to his father that being a musician is just as good as being a doctor. Therefore,
he supported his own studies and even became a bus conductor. Exposing him to the
works of Nicanor Abelardo and Francisco Santiago, Velarde received his first lessons
in composition and harmony from Antonio Molina and Ariston Avelino. When he
already learned the basic principles of music, he continued to study music all by
himself. Velarde's first song hit titled “Ugoy-ugoy Blues," which he played on radio,
was very popular. He became the editor of the Literary Song-Movie magazine. He
also wrote film music scores for Sampaguita Pictures where he handled its
advertising.

Velarde received the following awards and citations:

- FAMAS Best Picture, 1960

- FAMAS Best Musical Direction, 1961
- Best Conductor Award, First International Popular Song Contest, Tokyo,
Japan,1970
- Cultural Achievement Award in Popular Music, Cultural Center of the
Philippines and Philippine Government Cultural Association, 1975
- Gawad CCP Para Sa Sining, 1986

Some of his major works include the following:

Songs

- Amor Santo, 1935

- Lahat ng Araw, 1939
 - Ulilang Puso, 1936
- Minamahal Kita, 1940
- Ala-ala Kita, 1938
- Titibok-tibok, 1948
- Habang Buhay,1938

Movies

- Diwa ng Karagatan, 1935

- Ang Dating Sumpaan, 1939
- Nasaan Ka Irog, 1936
- Niña Bonita, 1940
- Bituing Marikit, 1938
- Sa Hirap at Ginhawa, 1954
- Madaling Araw, 1938

George Canseco (1934-2004)

A nationally applauded composer of

memorable songs, George Canseco was
born on April 23,1934 in Naic, Cavite. He
was the youngest of the three children
of Dr. Jose Canseco. He received his
education at the University of the East
with a Liberal Arts degree. After he
graduated, he immediately accepted a
job as a journalist at the Philippine
Herald and the Associated Press. He also
worked as an independent scriptwriter in
Manila. He did not have a formal training
in a conservatory of music. But, he
studied piano on his own and was able to
write, notate, and compose songs at an
early age.

In 1972, when Martial Law was declared, Canseco started to write music and Imelda
Marcos, the former Philippine First Lady, commissioned Canseco to compose "Ako ay
Pilipino," the national tribute hymn.

In 1973, he was elected as the President of the Filipino Society of Composers,

Authors, and Publishers, Inc. (FILSCAP). He even entered politics in 1988, when he
got elected councilor for the First District of Quezon City.

He died of complications from liver disease and lung cancer on November 19 2004 in
Manila at the age of 70. Canseco received the following awards and honors:

- Best Theme Song, Kapantay ay Langit, 1971

- Best Song of the Year, Manila Film Festival, 1972
 - Grand Prize, Ako ang Nagwagi, Ako ang Nasawi by Dulce,World Song Festival
in Hong Kong, 1979
- Best Theme Song, FAMAS, Langis at Tubig, 1980
- Best Theme Song, FAMAS, Gaano Kadalas ang Minsan, 1982
- Best Theme Song, FAMAS, Paano Ba ang Mangarap, 1983
- Best Theme Song, FAMAS, Dapat Ka Bang Mahalin, 1984
- Song of the Year, AWIT Awards, True Love Came Too Late, 1984
- Best Theme Song, Metro Manila Film Festival (MMFF), Imortal, 1989
- Best Theme Song, FAMAS, Hihintayin Kita sa Langit, 1991

His compositions include the following:

- Pagputi ng Uwak...Pag-itim ng Tagak, 1978

- Pieta, 1983
- Paradise Inn, 1985
- Bomba Arienda, 1985
- Magdusa Ka!, 1986
- lyo ang Tondo, Kanya ang Cavite, 1986
- Kailan Tama ang Mali, 1986
- Kung Aagawin Mo ang Lahat, 1987
- Saan Nagtatago ang Pag-ibig, 1987
- Huwag Mong Itanong Kung Bakit, 1988
- Langit at Lupa, 1988
- Paano Tatakasan ang Bukas?, 1988
- Babangon Ako't Dudurugin Kita, 1989
- Ang Babaeng Nawawala sa Sarili, 1989
- Imortal, 1989
- Ngayon at Kailanman, 1992
- lkaw, 1993
- Paano ang Ngayon Kung Wala ang Kahapon, 1995
- Muling Ibalik ang Tamis ng Pag-ibig, 1998

ARTS

The Collaborative Art of Filmmaking

Filmmaking, because of its technical

complexity, involves entire teams of artists, writers,
and production experts, supported by technicians
taking charge of the cameras, lighting equipment,
sets, props, costumes, and the like—all under the
supervision of a film director.
Film directing –

It is the director, like the painter and sculptor

in traditional art, who envisions the final effect of
the film on its viewers, visually, mentally, and
emotionally. While the painter and sculptor work with
physical materials, the film director works with
ideas, images, sounds, and other effects to create
this unique piece of art. He or she conceptualizes the
scenes, directs the acting, supervises the cinematography and finally the editing and
sound dubbing in much the same way as a visual artist composes an artwork. Clearly,
however, the director does not do all these alone.

Acting –
First and foremost, there was the
art of acting for film. With live theater
as the only form of acting at that time,
film actors had to learn to express
themselves without the exaggerated
facial expressions and gestures used on
stage. With the addition of sound in the
1930s, they then had to learn to deliver their lines naturally and believably.

Cinematography –

Behind the scenes, there was

cinematography or the art of film camera
work. This captured the director’s vision of
each scene through camera placement and
movement, lighting, and other special
techniques.

Editing –

This was joined by film editing, the art

of selecting the precise sections of film, then
sequencing and joining them to achieve the
director’s desired visual and emotional
effect. Sound editing was also developed, as
films began to include more ambitious effects
beyond the dialogue and background music.

Production/Set design –
 Underlying all these was the art of production and set
design. This recreated in physical terms—through location,
scenery, sets, lighting, costumes, and props—the mental
image that the director had of how each scene should look,
what period it should depict, and what atmosphere it should
convey. This included creating worlds that did not exist as
well as worlds that were long gone, designing each production
component down to the very last detail.

Philippine Filmmakers

In the Philippine film scene, the American influence was evident in the pre-
World War II and Liberation years with song-and-dance musicals, romantic dramas,
and comedy films. Beginning with the turbulent 1970s, however, progressive Filipino
directors emerged to make movies dealing with current social issues and examining
the Filipino character.

Among them were Lino Brocka (Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang, 1974; Maynila, Sa
Mga Kuko ng Liwanag, 1975), Mike de Leon (Itim, 1976; Sister Stella L, 1984;
Bayaning 3rd World, 1999), Ishmael Bernal (Himala, 1982), and Peque Gallaga (Oro,
Plata, Mata, 1983).
PHILIPPINE FILM MAKER

LAURICE GUILLEN’S

Salome (1981) earned international acclaim at the Toronto International Film Festival.

Her more recent films, such as Tanging Yaman, (2001) which won Best Picture in the Metro Manila Film
Festival, American Adobo (2002),

Santa Santita (2004), and Sa ‘Yo Lamang (2010), all gained her recognition among the current generation
of Filipino moviegoers.

MARILOU DIAZ ABAYA

captured the attention and respect of the viewing public with powerful films such as Jose Rizal (1998),
perfectly timed for the centennial celebration of Philippine independence.

Muro-ami (1999), which bravely exposed the deadly practice of using child-divers to pound for fish in
the Philippines’ coral reefs; and Bagong Buwan (2001), which dealt with the human cost of the Muslim-
Christian conflict in Mindanao.

LINO BROCHA

He is widely regarded as one of the most influential and significant filmmakers in the history of
Philippine cinema.

He co-founded the organization Concerned Artists of the Philippines (CAP)

Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang, 1974; Maynila, Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag, 1975

MIKE DE LEON

Miguel Pamintuan De Leon, also known as Mike De Leon, is a noted Filipino film director,
cinematographer, scriptwriter and film producer.

Itim, 1976; Sister Stella L, 1984; Bayaning 3rd World, 1999

ISHMAEL BERNAL

was a Filipino filmmaker, stage and television director, actor and screenwriter

Nunal sa Tubig (1976), City After Dark (1980), Relasyon (1982), Himala (1982), and Hinugot sa Langit
(1985). He was declared a National Artist of the Philippines in 2001.

CATHY GARCIA MOLINA

is a Filipino film and television director best known for directing romantic comedy and family
drama films produced and distributed by Star Cinema.

- HELLO LOVE GOODBYE

THE HOW’S OF US
MY EX’s and WHY’s
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Festivals vary, there are those that are

religious, those that are of indigenous
influence, and non-religious festivals. It has
been a practice that parades and dance
performance are done outdoors for the
public to appreciate.

ATI – ATIHAN
This is a celebration in honor of the Infant Jesus, the town’s patron. Ati-Atihan,
observed in honor of the Child Jesus. It is celebrated during 3rd week of January.
Ati-atihan means ‘making like Atis,’ that is, pretending to be like the aboriginal
natives that once inhabited Aklan. This involves smearing oneself with soot to
darken the skin and dressing up in tribal finery. The start of the procession is
signaled by drums and whistles, and later punctuated by shouts of “Hala Bira!”
SINULOG
Sinulog is held in celebration of one of the country’s most famous historic relics:
the Santo Niño de Cebú. This was the statue of the baby Jesus that was handed to
the Rajah Humabon of Cebu by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in
1521.
This was one of the most important events in the religious history of the Philippines
as it paved the way to the birth of Christianity in the country. “Mother of All
Festivals”
It is celebrated in the 3rd Sunday of January
MASSKARA
The Masskara Festival is celebrated every October in the City of Bacolod Bacolod.
As its name suggests, this festival is known for the vivid masks worn by revelers.
These masks portray joyful expressions that reflect the overall theme of Masskara.
The locals can also don striking costumes such as intricate headdresses and other
accessories to create an extravagant look.
The MassKara Festival can trace its roots back to the 1980s and was born out of a
crisis. It was during the time when the province's main livelihood, sugar, was priced
at an all-time low because of alternatives introduced in the market, which resulted
in one of the worst famines in the country's history that affected an estimated one
million people.
It was also the time when a tragic ferry accident happened, which carried mostly
people from the province including those from prominent families of Bacolod.
To lift the spirits of the locals and bring back the smiles on their faces, the MassKara
Festival was created. The smiling masks were a declaration of the people of Bacolod
City that they will pull through and survive the challenges and tragedies that they
are facing.
KADAYAWAN
Every third week of August, Davao City holds the much-awaited “Kadayawan”
Festival, dubbed as the festival of festivals, known for its grand celebrations such
as street dancing, floral float parade, cultural festivities, street parties, and
concerts.
The Kadayawan Festival is Davao City’s annual festival, which celebrates life and
thanksgiving for nature’s bounty, the wealth of culture, the bounties of harvest and
serenity of living. The festival’s name is taken from the Mandaya word “Madayaw”
which means “valuable”, “good” and “beautiful.”
The festival in its current form was first celebrated in 1986 as Apo Duwaling
Festival, the name represents the city’s three icons: Mt Apo, Durian and the Waling-
Waling orchid. In 1988 during the term of then newly elected City Mayor Rodrigo
Duterte, it was renamed as Kadayawan.
MORIONES
The Moriones first appeared in Mogpog in 1807 as initiated by the Parish Priest,
Father Dionisio Santiago. This is the reason why Mogpog claimed to be the origin
of Moriones. This tradition is observed by men, and now, even by some women
during the Holy Week starting from Holy Monday to Easter Sunday. The penitents
wear masks and costumes similar to those worn by the Roman soldiers as a way of
atonement for their sins committed or for other similar reasons. The penitents
roam around the town for the day throughout the week wearing masks and
glamorously designed costumes.
The culminating activity is done on Eastern Sunday after Christ has risen. The
ceremony is the re-enactment of the biblical story of Longinus.
PANAGBENGA
The Panagbenga is held yearly during the month of February. The celebrations are
held for over a month sometimes while its peak periods are the parade weekends.
Panagbenga is a Kankana-ey term for "a season of blooming." Since 1995 it has paid
homage to the beautiful flowers the city is famous for as well as a celebration of its
re-establishment as a premier Philippines tourist destination after the devastating
1990 earthquake that hit the Summer Capital.
DINAGYANG
The Dinagyang Festival is a religious and cultural festival in Iloilo City, Philippines,
held annually on the fourth Sunday of January in honor of Santo Niño, the Holy
Child. It is one of the largest festivals in the Philippines, drawing hundreds of
thousands to over a million visitors every year.
Dinagyang is a Hiligaynon word extrapolated from dagyang meaning
“merrymaking” It celebrates the feast of the Infant Jesus and the pact between the
Datus and the locals.
PINTADOS
In the City of Passi in Iloilo, Pintados Festival is held every 3rd week of March but for
todays’ #MuseumFromHome series, we focus on the Pintados-Kasadyaan Festival
in Leyte celebrated every 29th of June, also the Feast Day of Señor Santo Niño de
Leyte.
Historical records suggest that the first image of the Child Jesus was brought by
Spanish missionaries to the island of Leyte in 1888. The Pintados Festival can be
traced back to the formation of Pintados Foundation, Inc. in 1986 by the people of
Tacloban, who began organizing religious cultural activities in honor of the Señor
Santo Niño.
PAHIYAS
The festival is all about celebrating food, so make sure to get stuck into plenty of
Filipino dishes while you're here. Locals usually open up their homes and invite
their neighbours and visitors to feast, dance, and socialise with them.
Origins of the festival date back the 15th century as an early thanksgiving ceremony.
Farmers would bring their crops to the foot of Mount Banahaw as a celebration of
a bountiful harvest. Over time, they began offering their produce to the church in
honour of San Isidro.
HIGANTES
Higantes Festival is a month-long artistic, cultural, and religious festival held in the
town of Angono, Rizal, Philippines every November.
Dedicated in honor of St. Clement of Rome, also known as Pope Clement I, and as
thanksgiving for good harvest, it is known for its grand fluvial parade in Laguna Lake
and colorful giant puppets made out of paper machie. Higantes Festival comes from
the word higante (loaned from the Spanish word gigante), which means giant.
Records of a church in the town of Angono dates back as early as 1571 as
documented by Fr. Gaspar San Andres in Conquistas delas Islas Filipinas.
It is the only church in the Philippines that is under the patronage of St. Clement of
Rome, the patron saint of mariners and fisher folks.
 HEALTH

The effects of a globalized economy, advances in transportation, and changes

to agricultural practices have resulted in health care issues. So, what are the biggest
challenges confronting progress in global health? The six global health issues
detailed below help illustrate the breadth and depth of this complex field.

1. PANDEMICS
According to an article published in
the Bulletin of the World Health
Organization, pandemics are defined as global
disease outbreaks. Examples of pandemics include
certain influenza outbreaks, COVID-19, and other
viral threats that reflect our vulnerability to
widespread diseases—many of which originate in
animals.

Every year, there are newly emerging pandemic threats. Vaccination efforts
can help, but it’s critical to address issues at the source by addressing important
areas like health education and responsible agricultural practices. Researchers have
also made recommendations on global risk mitigation measures that can help even
after an outbreak occurs.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
How can air pollution and
climate change affect the health
of the human population? In most
cases, the answer lies in water
sources and sanitation.

Storms, flooding, droughts,

and air pollution make it easier for
diseases to spread across large
groups of people. The immediate
solution is to provide resources like
bottled water and sanitation
technology, but global health must
also focus on the prevention of
environmental challenges in the
first place.
 1. ECONOMIC DISPARITIES AND ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE

Despite relentless
progress in the field of
medicine, communities
across the world still lack
access to basic health
education and health care.
This results in health
disparities, such as
high infant mortality
rates, which are often
related to geography.
Other disparities are the
result of income inequality,
with individuals and
families simply unable to afford health care that is otherwise unavailable.

To solve these economic challenges, global health professionals must explore

opportunities to uplift underrepresented communities in public health forums,
encourage physicians to practice in remote areas, and introduce policies that reduce
barriers and increase access to health care.

2. POLITICAL FACTORS
 Inadequate access to health care is
exacerbated when international politics enter
the mix. As conflicts within or between nations
destroy critical infrastructure, average citizens
become more vulnerable to diseases. This leads
them to seek opportunities to flee the dangerous
situations that threaten their well-beings.

Migration can allow illnesses to quickly

spread, but organizations like the WHO stress
that solutions should aim to improve refugee and
migrant health through efforts like organizing
across borders to endorse policies that bridge
short-term humanitarian crisis responses with
long-term health care access improvements.

3. NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE

Heart disease, stroke, cancer,

diabetes, and other noncommunicable
diseases (NCDs) account for 70 percent
of all deaths worldwide, according to the
WHO.

Education plays a role in the

prevention of NCDs, helping populations
understand and change lifestyle factors,
such as poor diets, inactivity, tobacco
use, and alcohol consumption. But there
is also a correlation between income level
and the prevalence of NCDs.

The WHO notes that 85 percent

of premature NCD-related deaths occur
in low- and middle-income countries.
Reducing the number of NCDs globally
means reducing the factors that disproportionately arise in lower-income
communities.

6. ANIMAL HEALTH, FOOD SOURCING AND SUPPLY

 The study of veterinary public
health, which some students pursue by
obtaining a dual degree in veterinary
medicine and public health, makes it clear
that animal wellness is naturally intertwined
with that of humans. Perhaps the clearest
connection occurs within the food chain, but
animals are also relied upon for
transportation, draught power, and clothing
in developing areas.

Agricultural practices, including

irrigation, pesticide use, and waste
management, can influence animal health,
making disease transmission a concern at every stage of the food supply chain. With
pathogens originating from animals or animal products playing such a significant role
in disease transmission, veterinary medicine must be included in any effort to
improve global health.