Aa VQ 2.1 Cövyxi Cwiwpwz T NVBW V
Aa VQ 2.1 Cövyxi Cwiwpwz T NVBW V
Aa VQ 2.1 Cövyxi Cwiwpwz T NVBW V
nvBWª eY©t
Hydra vulgaris eY©nxb ev ¯^”Q (MvRx AvRgj), Kgjv jvj (Avt Avjxg)
Pelmatohydra oligactis ev`vgx e‡Y©i
Chlorohydra viridissima meyR e‡Y©i
Hydra gangetica mv`v/ †Mv‡jvcx e‡Y©i
‡kÖwYZvwË¡K Ae¯’vbt
Kingdom : Animalia.
Phylum: Cnidaria.
Class : Hydrozoa
Order : Hydroida.
Family : Hydridae.
Genus : Hydra.
Species : Hydra Vugaris.
ewnM©Vb
nvBWªvi †`n bjvKvi I Aixq cÖwZmg|
‰` 10-30 wg. wg. ev 1-3 . I cÖ¯’ cÖvq 1 wg.wg.|
GKwU cwiYZ nvBWªvi †`n‡K 3wU cÖavb As‡k fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-
nvB‡cv‡÷vg
বহির্ঠন
গ ‡`nKvÛ
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1| nvB‡cv‡÷vg:
‡gvPeK…wZ I ms‡KvPb-cÖmviYÿg
Gi P‚ovq gyLwQ`ª we`¨gvb
gyLwQ`ªc‡_ Lv`¨ M„nxZ অcvP¨ Ask ewR©Z nq|
AšÍM©Vb
‡`n cÖvPxi I ‡K›`ªxq wm‡j‡›UiY ev M¨v‡÷ªvfv¯‹zjvi MnŸi wb‡q MwVZ|
‡`n cÖvPxi 2 fv‡M wef³ - GwcWvwg©m I G‡ÛvWvwg©m ev M¨v‡÷ªvWvwg©m|
GwcWvwg©m I M¨v‡÷ªvWvwg©‡mi gv‡S †g‡mvwMøhv ev †g‡mvj¨vwgjv we`¨vgb|
GwcWvwg©m G‡ÛvWvwg©m A‡cÿv Kg cyiæ|
‡`ncÖvPx‡i cyiæ‡Z¡i 1-3 Ask GwcWvwg©m I 2-3 Ask G‡ÛvWvwg©m
M¨v‡÷ªvWvwg©‡mi †Kvl¸‡jv GwcWvwg©‡mi †Kv‡li wظY j¤^v|
wb‡WvmvB‡Ui Askt
1| AveiYxt cÖwZwU †Kvl `yB ¯Íi wewkó Avei‡Y Ave„Z| ¯Íi`ywUi gvSLv‡b `vbv`vi mvB‡UvcøvRg I †Kv‡li †Mvovi w`‡K GKwU wbDwK¬q vm _v‡K|
2| †bgv‡Uvwm÷t
G‡K wbWv (Cnida) I e‡j| cÖvPxi KvBwUb wbwg©Z|
c¨uvPv‡bv myÎK hy³, GwU duvcv I myiæ| wnc‡bvUw•b ( †cÖvwUb+‡dbj) bvgK welv³ Zij _v‡K|
m~·K †Mvov‡K evU/k¨vdU e‡j| evU I _v‡Kt eve©- eo 3wU KuvUv
evwe©Dj- wZbmvwi‡Z mvwc©jfv‡e web¨v¯Í †QvU †QvU KuvUv|
3| AcviKzjvg (XvKbv)|
4| wb‡Wvwmjt wUªMvi |
5| †ckxZšÍÍy I j¨v‡mv|
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‡bgv‡Uvwm‡÷i cÖKvi‡f`t
weÁvbx fvY©vi (Werner) wbWvwiqv RvZxq cÖvYx‡`i †`n †_‡K 23 ai‡bi †bgv‡Uvwm÷ kbv³ K‡i‡Qb|
nvBWªv‡Z cvIqv hv wb‡Pi 4wU|
‡bgv‡Uvwm÷ KvR
i. w÷‡bvwUj ev †cwbUªv›U-(e„nËg †bgv‡Uvwm÷) wnc‡bvUw•b bvgK we ³ Zij c`v_© _v‡K Ges wkKv‡ii †`‡n we× K‡i AÁvb Ges
Aek K‡i †d‡j|
ii. fj‡f›U ev †Wm‡gvwbg । চ । GwU wkKvi wKsev †Kvb eš`‡K
AvK‡o a‡i ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
iii. ‡÷ªc‡Uvwjb MøywUb¨v›U/ n‡jvUªvBKvm AvB‡mvivBRvm AvVv‡jv im ÿiY K‡i Pj‡b Ges wkKvi AvUKv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
iv. ‡÷wiIwjb MøywUb¨v›U/ A¨vUªvBKvm AvB‡mvivBRvm-ÿz`ªZg AvVv‡jv im ÿiY K‡i Pj‡b Ges wkKvi AvUKv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
[N.B. ÿz`ªZg †bgv‡Uvwm÷ -‡÷wiIwjb MøywUb¨v›U (AvgRj), †÷ªc‡Uvwjb MøywUb¨v›U (Avt Avjxg)]
চ
১।
:৭ । ২।
: !! গ । ৩।
গ ৪।
৫।
- ৬।
৭।
১।
অ :৫ ২।
গ । ৩।
৪।
৫।
-
i. ‡cwkx AveiYx †Kv‡li duv‡K, duv‡K, mg‡Kv‡Y i. cwi‡e‡k †_‡K DÏxcbv (Av‡jv,Zvc) MÖnY K‡i ¯œqy‡Kv‡l mieivn
wewÿß fv‡e Qov‡bv _v‡K| K‡i|
ms‡e`x †Kvl ii. Kwl©Kv, nvB‡cv‡÷vg I c`Z‡j Pvi w`‡K †ewk
†`Lv hvq|
iii. Gi gy&³ cÖvšÍ †L‡Z m~² ms‡e`x †ivg †e‡ivq
¯œvqy †Kvl i. ¯œvqy MVb K‡i| i. ms‡e`x †Kv‡l msM„nxZ DÏxcbv †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k mieivn K‡i|
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i. gyLwQ‡`ªi Pviw`‡K I c`Z‡j G‡`i cÖPzi i. ‡Kvb e¯`i mv‡_ mvnvh¨ K‡i|
MÖwš’ †Kvl cwigv‡Y †`Lv hvq| ii. M a:KiY Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
iii. ÿYc` m„wó K‡i Pj‡b mvnvq¨ K‡i|
Rbb †Kvl i. Gme †Kvl Rbbv‡½ Ae¯’vb K‡i| i. ‡hŠY Rb‡b AskMÖnY K‡i|
wb‡WvmvBU i. c`Zj Qvov ewntZ¡‡Ki me©Î we‡kl K‡i Kvwl©Kv i. wb‡WvmvB‡Ui †bgv‡Uvwm÷ A½vby cÖYxi Lv`¨ MÖnY Pjb, ও
†cwk-AveiYx †Kv‡li duv‡K duv‡K Ae¯’vb K‡i| AvZ¥iÿvq e¨eüZ nq|
ii. G‡ÛvWvwg©‡m _v‡K bv|
UwUc‡U›U ÿgZvt Brein Gi g‡Z cÖwZ 45 w`b AšÍi AšÍi nBWªvi †`‡ni mKj †Kvl B›Uviw÷wkqvj †Kvl Øviv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nq| †Kv‡li GB ˆewkó¨‡K UwU‡cv‡U›U
e‡j| [ ]
M¨v‡÷ªvWvwg©m/G‡ÛvWvwg©m/AšÍtZ¡K
1| cywó †Kvl ev †ckx AveiYx †Kvlt
‡Kvl j¤^v I ¯Í¤¢vKvi
GK cÖvšÍ †g‡mvwMøqvi mv‡_ hy³, AbªcÖvšÍ wm‡j‡›Ui‡b gy³|
2 ai‡Yi h_vt K. d¨v‡Rjvhy³ cywó‡Kvl- (1-3) d¬¨v‡Rjv _v‡K, L. ÿYc`hy³ cwó‡Kvl- GK ev GKvwaK ÿc` _v‡K|
2| MÖwš’ †Kvlt
g~j‡`n I nvB‡cv‡÷v‡g me©vwaK, c`Z‡j Aí, Kwl©Kv‡Z Abycw¯’Z|
ÿy`ª wW¤^vK…wZ, 2/3 wU d¬¨v‡Rjvhy³, †cwkx cÖea©Ynxb|
2 ai‡Yi h_vt K. wgDKvm wbt¯ªvex, L. GbRvBg wbtmvix
3| B›Uviw÷wkqvj †Kvlt G‡ÛvWvwg©‡mi cÖ‡qvRbxq †h †Kv‡bv †Kvl MVb KivB Gi KvR|
4| ms‡e`x †Kvl t m¤¢eZ cÖvwYi mv‡_ wm‡j‡÷i‡Y Lv`¨ I Ab¨b¨ c`v‡_©i ¸bv¸b hvPvB K‡i ¯œqy‡Kv‡l †cÖiY K‡i Ges ¯œqy‡Kvl Dchy& cÖwZµqv e¨³ K‡i|
5| ¯œvqy‡Kvlt ms‡e`x ‡Kv‡l msM„nxZ ¯’vbvšÍi KivB Gi KvR|
nvBWªvi Lv`¨ I cwicvK
Lv`¨ ZvwjKvt wewfbœ cZ‡½i , mvBK¬vcm, W¨vফwbqv, †PvU †QvU K…wg, LÛKvwqZ cÖvYx I gv‡Qi wWg|
cÖavb Lv`¨t ÿ`ª µv÷vmxq mwÜc`x|
nvBWªv †Ke †mme cÖvYx‡K wkKvi K‡i hv‡`i Kjvi‡m MøyUvw_Ib we`¨gvb _‡K| [Avt Avjxg]
wkKv‡i †bgv‡Uvwm÷t , w÷‡bvwUj|
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cwicvK cÖwµhvt 2 av‡c m¤úbœ nq|
1| ewnt‡Kvlxqt/
i. wm‡j‡›UiY MnŸ‡i N‡U|
ii. ‡cÖvwUb c ‡ccUvB‡W cwiYZ nq| (GbRvBg- †ccwmb)
iii. wjwcW I kK©iv Lv`¨vs‡ki †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv|
iv. G Aeš’vq Lv`¨ ঘ my¨‡c cwibZ nq|
2| AšÍt‡Kvlxqt
i. d¨v‡MvmvB‡Uwmm †Kv‡l cÖ‡ek|
ii. ‡Kv q cwi‡ek A¤øxq †_‡K ÿvixq nq|
iii. cwj‡ccUvBW A¨vwg‡bv GwmW (GbRvBg-wUªcwmb)
iv. wcW d¨vwU GwmW I wMømvib (GbRvBg-jvB‡cR)
v. kK©iv Møy‡KvR ( GbRvBg- A¨vgvB‡jR)
2| cywó †Kvl ÿc`hy³ †Kvl I d¬¨v‡Rjvhy³ †Kvl †`Lv hvq bv& ÿYc`hy³ I d¬¨v‡Rjvhy³ †Kvl cywói Kv‡R
wb‡qvwRZ|
3| wKDwUKj ‡cwk- AveiYx †Kv‡li wbtm„Z i‡m m„wó nq| Abycw¯’Z|
4| wb‡WvmvBU Dcw¯’Z Ges cÖwZiÿv I AvZ¥iÿi Kv‡R e¨veüZ nq Abycw&¯’Z|
nvBWªvi Pjbt
Pjb cw×wZ ‰ewkó¨
1. jywcs ev nvgv¸wo MøywUb¨v›U †bgv‡Uvwm‡÷i mvnv‡h¨ wfwˇK AvU‡K a‡i&
j¤^v `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i|
ïu‡qv †cvKvi Mgb c×wZi ev K¨vUviwcivi jvf©vi b¨vq|
2. mgvimwës ev wWMevwR GwU nvBWªvi `ªæZ I mvavib Pjb cÖwµqv|
G cÖwµ i i Dci fi w`‡q `vovq|
3. MøvBwWs ev A¨vwge‡qW Pjb gm„Y Z‡j cÖwµqv AZ¨šÍ axi MwZ‡Z mvgvb¨ c_ AwÎKg K‡i|
kvgyK‡i b¨vq Pjb|
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4. fvmv (Floating) cv`-PvKwZi ewn:Z¡Kxq †Kvl †_‡K M¨vmxq ey`ey` m„wó K‡i P‡j|
5. muvZvi (Swimming) Kwl©Kv¸‡jv‡K D‡qi g‡Zv Av‡›`vwjZ K‡i&
6. ‡nuPov‡bv (Crawling) nvBWªvi Av‡ivnb I Ae‡ivnb m¤úbœ nq|
7. bZgyLx Pjb (Tentacular) ।
8. ms‡KvPb-cÖmviY ‡`‡ni AvKvi `ªæZ Lv‡Uv I j¤^v K‡i P‡j|
চ ।
চ ,
ও চ
Zzjxq welq jywcs mgvimwës
1. Kwl©Kv `wKg~wLZv Kwl©Kv¸‡jv memgq MwZc‡_‡i w`‡K _v‡K| åYxq G‡ÛvWvg© †_‡K Drcbœ ‡`‡ni †fZ‡i w`‡K A_©vr
wm‡j‡›UiY‡K wN‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i
2. c`PvKwZ memgq wb‡Pi w`‡K _v‡K Pj‡bi GK ch©v‡q nvBWªv Kwl©Kvi Dci fi
`vuov‡j cv`PvKwZ Dc‡i w`‡K &Av‡m
3. jyc MVb GKevi Pjb m¤úbœ n‡Z GKevi jyc MwVZ nq GKevi Pj m¤úbœ n‡Z `yevi jyc MwVZ nq
4. AwZKµšÍ `~iZ¡ GKevi jyc MVb K‡i e‡j Kg `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i (†`‡ni `yevi MVb K‡i e‡j A‡cÿK…Z `~iZ¡ K‡i
ˆ`‡N©¨i A‡a©K) (‡`‡ni ˆ`‡N©¨i wظY)
5. Pjb MwZ A‡cÿK…Z gš’i A‡cÿvK…Z `ªæZ
nvBWªvi Rbb
nvBWªvi Rbb c×wZ 2 cÖKvi| h_vt
1| A‡hŠb Rbbt K. gyKz‡jv`Mg|
L. fvRb|
i. Aby‰`N©¨ wefvRb.
ii. AbycÖ¯’ wefvRb
2| †hŠb Rbbt
A‡hŠb R‡bbi 2wU c×wZ i‡h‡Q|
i. gyKz‡iv`Mg/ Kuywo m„wó
K. BbUviw÷wkqvj A‡hŠb Rb‡b AskMÖnY K‡i| L. GwU A‡hŠb Rb‡bi ¯^vfvweK cÖwµqv M. MÖx‡®§ †ewk nq| ch©ß Lv‡`¨i Dcw¯’wZ‡Z nq|
ii. wefvRbt
K. GwU ¯^vfvweK Rbb cÖwµqv bq| L . ‰`evr msNwUZ nq|
nvBWªvi †hŠb Rbbt
wb‡lK RvB‡MvU giæjv eøv÷zjv ( †Kvl¸‡jv‡K eøv‡÷vwgqvi e‡j| AveiY‡K ‡÷vWvg© e‡j| †K‡›`ªi duvKv RvqMv‡K eøv‡÷vwmj e‡j| ‡Kvl¸‡ivi
© wQ`ª‡K eøv‡÷v‡cvi e‡j|)
M¨v‡÷ªyjv (GwU `yB ¯Íi wewkó| GKwU wb‡iU _v‡K ZvB †÷wiI ÷ªyjv e‡j| c‡i M¨v‡÷ªvwmj ev Avw` wm‡i‡›Uib ‰Zix nq| )
nvBWªyjv (em‡šÍi ïiæ‡Z 僇Yi weKvk M‡U , AcZ¨ nvBWªv) cyY©v½ nvBWªv&
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†hŠb Rbbt
wZbwU av‡c msNwUZ nq| h_v- A¯’vqx Rbb½ m„wó, wb‡lK, cwiõzUb|
cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡k cÖavbZ kirKv‡j N‡U|
nvBWªv‡Z ¯^wb‡lK N‡U bv, ciwb‡lK N‡U|
28-48 N›Uvi g‡a¨ wW¤^vYy‡K ³ Ki‡Z nbv ci‡j ïµby gviv hvq|
gyKz‡jv`Mg bœ n‡Z mgq jv‡M 2-3 w`b|
gyKzj m„wó gvZ… nvBWªv †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡q ¯^vfvweK Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z cÖvq 3 mßvn ev 21 w`b mgq jv‡M|
GwcWvwg©m I M¨v‡÷ªvWvwg©m Aÿzbœ _vK‡j me©wb¤œ 0.004mm e¨v‡mi UzKiv †_‡K nvBWªvi cyiærcwË nq|
: ।
ch©vq mg~nt
K. giæjv
L. eøv÷zjv
M. M¨v÷ªyjv (gvZ…‡`‡ni mv‡_ mshy³ M¨v÷ªyiv‡K †÷ªwiIM¨v÷ªyjv e‡j)
N. nvBWªyjv
* খ ।
* – ।
→ → → → 4 →
অ
(2n) (2n) (2n) (n) (n)
→ → → → 1 →
(2n) (2n) (2n) (n) (n)
+
৩
¯úvg©v‡Uv‡R‡bwmm DI‡R‡bwmm
c~Y©v½ nvBWªv
ইন্টারমিমিোল দকাষ (2n) B›Uviw÷wkqvj †Kvl (2n)
iƒcvšÍi (2n) wm÷ iƒcvšÍi
ïµvY„ gvZ…‡Kvl
nvBWªyjv wW¤^vYy gvZ…‡Kvl
gvB‡Uvwmm gvB‡Uvwmm
¯úvg©v‡Uv‡Mvwbqv M¨v÷zjv DI‡Mvwbqv
e„w×jvf
e„w×jvf
eøv÷zjv
¯úvg©v‡UvmvBU (2n) DImvBU (2n)
wg‡qvwmm giæjv wg‡qvwmm
¯úvg©vwUW(n)
DIwUW (n)
RvB‡MvU (2n)
iƒcvšÍi iƒcvšÍi
kyµvby (n) wb‡lK wW¤^vby(n)
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nvBWªvi
hLb `ywU wfbœ cÖRvwZfz³ Rxe Nwbôfv‡e mnve¯’v‡b d‡j ci¯ú‡i KvQ †_‡K DcK…Z nq, ZLb Gai‡bi mvnPh©v‡K wg‡_vRxweZv e‡j| G Ae¯’vq Rxe`ywU‡K
wg‡_vRxex ejvnq|
D`vniYt
K. wjwMDg RvZxq Dw™¢‡`i g~‡j emevmKvix wg‡_vRxex ivB‡Rvweqvg e¨vK‡Uwiqv
L. Zvcmx KuvKov (Hermit Crab) I A¨vwb‡gv‡bi (Sea Anemone) g‡a¨ wg‡_vRxweZv|
M. nvBWªv (Chlorohydra Viridissima) Ges GK‡Kvlx meyR ˆevj (Zoochlorella) Gi g‡a¨|
‰kevj †hfv‡e DcK„Z nqt
AvkÖqt ˆkevj nvBWªvi M¨v‡÷ªvWvg©j (AšÍt‡Kvlxq ) †cwk- AveiYx †Kv‡l AvkÖq cvqt
mv‡jvKms‡kølYt nvBWªvi k¦m‡bi m„ó CO2†K mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi KuvPvgvj wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i|
Lv‡`¨vrc`vbt nvBWªvi wecvKxi Kv‡R D™¢‚Z bvB‡Uªv‡RbRvZ eR¨© c`v_©‡K Avwgl ˆZwii wewfbœ Kv‡R e¨venvi e‡i|
nvBWªv DcK„Z nqt
Lv`¨cÖvwßt mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqv ˆkevj †h Lv`¨ cÖ¯`Z K‡i Zvi DØ„Z Ask MÖnY K‡i nvBWªv kK©iv RvZxq Lv‡`¨i Afve c~iY K‡i|
k¦mbt mv‡jvKms‡kølYKv‡j ˆkevj †h O2 wbM©Z K‡i nvBWªv Zv k¦m‡bi e¨venvi K‡i।
CO2 †kvlYt nvBWªv k¦m‡b m„ó CO2ˆkevj MÖnb K‡i cÖvYx‡K Sv‡gjvgy³ K‡i|
eR©¨ wb®‹vkbt nvBWªvi wecv‡K m„wó bvB‡Uªv‡Rb NwUZ eR©¨ evj KZ…©K M„nxZ ও nvBWªv mn‡RB c`v_©gy³ nq|
ও থ
১। য ফ ১। য ।
।
২। । ২। ।
৩। । ৩। ,খ য য ।
৪। অ য - ,য ,ফ ফ অ । ৪। অ অ ।
৫। । ৫। ।
8|Page
GK‡Î me we‡kl bvgt
bvg we‡kl bvg/ Aci bvg
w÷‡bvwUj ‡cwbUª¨v›U
fj‡f›U †Wm‡gvwbwg
‡÷ªc‡Uvwjb MøywUb¨v›U n‡jvUªvBKvm AvB‡mvivBRvm
‡÷wiIwjb MøywUb¨v›U A¨vUªvBKvm AvB‡mvivBRvm
cywó‡Kvl ‡cwk-AveiYx †Kvl / Nutritive cell/ Musculo-epithelial cell
wb‡WvmvBU wb‡Wveøv÷/ †bd‡UvmvBU
‡g‡mvwMøqv †gv‡mvj¨vwgjv (mesolamella)
gyKz‡jv`Mg ‡Kvi‡Kv`Mg / Budding
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