UNIT 7: LIVE AND LEARN

VOCABULARY: Education
General questions everybody should know.

What year did World War II star? 1939

Which country’s largest river is called the Nakdong?
What is √ 36?
What does USB stand for (mean)?
Who discovered the law of gravity?
How many books are there in The Lord of The Rings?
In what part of the body is the Tibia?
What is the most common chemical element on earth?
New – ton
/ton/

Literature
 PRONUNCIATION TIP

Every single time “T” & “U” go together in the middle of a

word, “T” sound like “CH”

Literature
Culture
Nature
Future
We focus on “The Last Consonant Sound” in present

PRESENT – PAST
Support - Supported
Want - Wanted
Invite - Invited
Report - Reported
Start – Started
Need – Needed
Defend – Defended
Divide – Divided
Add - Added
 * * * IMPORTANT * * *
If the last consonant sound in present is “…t” or “…d”, “…ed”
sounds like /…ed/

Cleaned
Named
Relaxed
 GOOD – AT
…good – at something / …bad – at something

I was very good – at math

I was so bad - at English

Bueno(a) en..…

It was… / It might be… / I’d say it’s… / I think it was..

I had…

Yo tenia mucha tarea, pero no tenía nada más que hacer

I had a lot of homework, but I didn’t have anything else to do
Would you like to go to school with Asian professors?

Porque mucha disciplina es mucha presión para los

estudiantes

Because a lot of discipline is too much pressure for the

students

That system is made/designed to memorize, and not to

comprehend
 What do your parents do if you fail a subject in the first
opportunity?
EXPRESSING PROBABLE FUTURE EVENTS

Real Perception
As a father, when my son fails a subject in the first
opportunity, I don’t make him feel humiliated, but I let him
know that it could be a very dangerous situation if it happens
again

Probable Perception
As a father, if my son failed a subject in the first opportunity,
I wouldn’t make him feel humiliated, but I’d let him know
that it could be a very dangerous situation if it happens
again
 EXPRESSING FUTURE EVENTS
Condition Consequence
(Present) (Future)

If I don’t get into a good college, my parents will kill me

Consequence Condition
(Future) (Present)

My parents will kill me If I don’t get into a good college

***IMPORTANT***
Expression “if” goes always together with the condition
 IMPERATIVE CONSEQUENCES
Condition Consequence
(Present) (Future)

If you don’t do homework for tomorrow, don’t come to

the class

If you don’t go to my party, consider me very sad and

dissapointed
- if you don’t be quiet, leave the class
- If you go to Walmart, buy me something
- If you don’t arrive on time, don’t talk to me anymore
- If you don’t eat breakfast, buy something at school
- if you don’t pass the subjects, leave the house

UNLESS = if …..not

If Alice doesn’t get good grades, she won’t get into a good
college

Unless Alice gets good grades, she won’t get into a good
college
Alice won’t get into a good college unless she gets good
grades
 RE-WRITE THE EXAMPLES WITH “UNLESS”

1- You won’t go anywhere if you don’t clean your mess first.

You won´t go anywhere unless you clean your mess first.

2- I won’t talk with you anymore if you don’t break up with

that girl
I won´t talk with you anymore unless you break up with that
girl.

3- Nobody will like to be your friend if you don’t stop telling

them that you are superior
Nobody will like to be your friend unless you stop telling
them that you are superior.

4- If you don’t speak nicely when you ask for something,

nobody will help you at all
Nobody will help you at all unless you speak nicely when
you ask for something.

5- If I can’t know what are you asking me money for, I won’t

give you anything
Unless I can know what are you asking me money for, I
won’t give you anything.
Not command Command
You make me laugh Make me laugh tomorrow

***IMPORTANT***
- COMMANDS do not include a grammatical subject before
it
- COMMANDS do not use auxiliaries in affirmative form
- COMMANDS are actions (verbs)
 EXPRESSING FUTURE EVENTS
Condition Consequence
(Present) (Future)

After you finish taking a shower, I will clean the bathroom

Before you eat something, it’s important to wash your hands

Until you pay me back, don’t ask me for more money again

As soon as teacher David starts the class, I will ask him to

let me go to the bathroom

When I tell Laura my plans to go to Paris in “Semana Santa”

next week, she will start to say she already knows Paris

When I finish my last class next Friday, I will immediately

plan drinking all weekend
When my ex-wife tell me she feels sad and alone, I will
remind her that she left me and it was her most terrible
mistake

Is it really worth studying a major?

Yes (, it is) because… No (, it’s not) because…

It doesn’t guarantee…

I have a modern iron

To iron = Planchar

Fold
 COMFORTABLE
/f/

Get along well/bad with someone = To have a good/bad

relationship with someone

ARGUE vs DISCUSS

DISCUSS
To exchange ideas with the purpose of convincing the other
person

ARGUE
To express disagreement with someone with a more intense
tone of voice and sometimes using offensive words
 Set

How would you deal with hunger if you didn’t live with
parents?
If I… …,I would …..
I would… if I …
Si no viviera con mis padres, en definitiva tendría que ir a
la tienda a comprar algo para comer

If I didn’t live with my parents, I would have to go to the

store and buy something to eat
 CONDITIONAL 2
SPEAKING HYPOTHETICALLY ABOUT THE PRESENT/FUTURE
PRESENT CONDITION FUTURE CONSEQUENCE
Simple past Unreal future

If I didn’t live with my parents, I would have to go to the

store to buy something to eat

I Would watch TikTok tutorial and I would learn to cook

many things if I didn’t have to with my parents

If I didn’t live with my mom, I would go every day to eat in

a restaurant

Mis padres no tendrían que pagar por mi ropa si yo no

viviera con ellos
My parents wouldnt have to pay for my clothes if I didn´t live
with them.

If I had to marry with someone, I would marry with a good

person

SPEAKING HYPOTHETICALLY
Hypothetical action Hypothetical consequence
Past Unreal future

If I spoke more languages, I would have a much better

salary

If I spoke more languages, I could have a much better

salary

Yo le entendería mejor al maestro David si él hablara

inglés claramente
I would understand better to teacher David if he spoke
English clearly

Si el maestro David hablara inglés claramente, yo le

entendería mejor
If teacher David spoke English clearly, I would understand
better

SPEAKING HYPOTHETICALLY
Hypothetical consequence
Unreal future

“A more feasible perspective”

…I would have a much better salary

“A more probable perspective”

…I could have a much better salary

If i was more romantic with my girlfriend, she would feel

happier with me
Si yo fuera más romántico con mi novia, ella se sentiría más feliz conmigo

If I was more romantic with my girlfriend, she could feel

happier with me
 Si yo fuera más romántico con mi novia, ella se pudiera sentir más feliz conmigo

I was, You were, He was, She was, It was, We were, they were

If I were rich like Donald Trump, I wouldn’t have to work

If she were more talented, she could be the protagonist in

our play

If I were more disciplined, I would be better at school

If he were more intelligent, he would be better at school

If I were working in 2 companies, I would have more money

If I were more sociable, I would have more friends

If you were more responsible at work, you would have more
opportunities to get a promotion

I would = I’d I will = I’ll

WOULD
/W U D/

…would / wouldn’t + verb…

If… …I would go with you

If… …you would know about it
If… …she would feel better
If… …we would be happier
 Complete the next hypothetical sentences with the
information in parentheses

1. English classes online would be (be) more fun if the

professor made (make) more jokes.

2. If bills weren´t (not be) so expensive, I would move out (move

out) from my parents’ house to live alone.

3. I would eliminate (eliminate) school exams if I had (have) the

authority to do it.

4. If you didn´t make (not make) me feel so stressed with your

strange ideas, I would consider (consider) to team up with you
for the PIA.
5. If my sister’s boyfriend didn´t make (not make) her feel like a
bad person, I would like (like) him.

6. It wouldn´t be (not be) so difficult to get a good job if there

wasn´t (there is not) corruption.

7. Mexico would be (be) a better country if Mexicans cared

(care) a little more about being better people.

8. What would you immediately do (you – immediately do) if you

____won_____ (win) the lottery?

9. would it be_ (it - be) possible to exempt the final exam if we

all ____made_ (make) a very good PIA and we ____got___ (get)
a 100?

10. I ___wouldn’t feel______ (not feel) so stressed at school if I

_didn’t have to________ (not have to) work and study at the
same time.

BE - ING
 Identify it the examples refer to a real perspective or to
an unreal perspective and complete them with the
information in parentheses

1. If anyone of us get (get) late to work again, we will get (get)

one day of salary discounted. My boss made it very clear
yesterday.

2. If you worried (worry) more about working hard than making

friends, you would have (have) more opportunities to grow at
work. But you prefer to be anyone’s friend!

3. Next time you start a relationship with someone is going

to be important for you. Anyone won´t respect (not respect) you
unless you ____let_____ (let) know when you’re not happy
with something.
4. You wouldn´t have to (not have to) stand this kind of treatment
if you were (be) more careful with the people you met. But,
you always get in love when they start telling you nice
things!

5. Professor David doesn’t make us speak much English in

class, just practice examples. We would speak (speak) better if
he forced (force) us to have more conversations.

Chimney vs Fire Place

COZY
/Z/

Zero
Zebra
Zoo
Brazil
Venezuela
HAVING TWO ACTIONS TOGETHER IN A SENTENCE
…action 1 + action 2…
(Tense) (No Tense)

Reyes decidió comprar una casa nueva en San Pedro

Reyes prefiere vivir solo en su casa nueva

Reyes deberá cuidar su nueva casa él solo

HAVING TWO ACTIONS TOGETHER IN A SENTENCE
…action 1 + action 2…
(Tense) (No Tense)

Reyes decidió comprar una casa nueva en San Pedro

Reyes prefiere vivir solo en su casa nueva

Reyes deberá cuidar su nueva casa él solo

“NO TENSE” ACTIONS

Verbo - …ar, …er, …ir
HAVING TWO ACTIONS TOGETHER IN A SENTENCE
…action 1 + action 2…
(Tense) (No Tense)

Reyes decided to buy a new house in San Pedro

Reyes prefers to live alone in his new house

Reyes will have to take care of his new house on his own

“NO TENSE” ACTIONS

...”to” + verb...

...to buy... ...to live... ...to care…

 “NAQUESES”

Mi mamá prefiere comprar comida que cocinar

Mi mom prefers buy food than cooking
Mi mom prefers to buy food than cooking

Té quieres dormir todo el tiempo

You want sleep all the time
You want to sleep all the time

Yo no quiero ir a la escuela hoy

I don’t want go to the school today
I don’t want to go to the school today
INFINITIVE VERBS (“NO TENSE” ACTIONS)
...”to” + verb...
 INFINITIVE VERBS (“NO TENSE” ACTIONS)
”When 2 actions go together in a sentence”

Reyes decided to buy a new house in San Pedro

Reyes prefers to live alone in his new house

Reyes will have to take care of his new house on his own
 INFINITIVE VERBS (“NO TENSE” ACTIONS)
1- ”When 2 actions go together in a sentence”
After specific verbs: Want, Need, Learn, Promise, Decide, Pretend, Hope, Agree,
Fail, Consent, Tend, Appear, Seem

We decided to have another baby

I promise to love you forever
I want to go to a cinema tonight
I really wanted to attend your party, but I couldn’t.
 INFINITIVE VERBS (“NO TENSE” ACTIONS)
2 - ”When an action goes after a characteristic (adj) ”

Toxic relationships are impossible to stand. That’s why I

just want to have “frees”

Manual cars are not very difficult to drive. You just have to
practice well

English is very easy to speak. Just say everything the

opposite way

***IMPORTANT***
It is possible to express a noun between the characteristic
and the action
 People say that iPhones are very easy phones to handle.
But I don’t even know how to re-start them
English is a very easy language to speak. Just say
everything the opposite way
My boyfriend is a very uncomfortable guy to deal with. He
gets jealous because I text with my cousins

INFINITIVE VERBS (“NO TENSE” ACTIONS)

3 - ”When action 2 refers to the reason for doing action 1”

I am calling to tell you something important. Your boyfriend

has another girl.
I came to apologize with you. I should not have reacted
that way
When we were coming back from Tamaulipas, we stopped
to go to the bathroom

***IMPORTANT***
It is possible to express a noun between action 1 and
action 2

I called the incredibly handsome boy standing on the corner

of the classroom to come and invite you to dance
 I came here to apologize with you. I should not have
reacted that way
When we were coming back from Tamaulipas, we stopped
the car to go to the bathroom
I am calling you to tell you something important. Your
boyfriend has another girl.

NOUNS

Boy
The boy
The handsome boy
The incredibly handsome boy
The incredibly handsome boy next to you
 HAVING TWO ACTIONS TOGETHER IN A SENTENCE
…action 1 + action 2…
(Tense) (No Tense)

El teacher David disfruta bulearnos en la clase de inglés

Yo les recomiendo preguntar lo que no entiendan ahorita.

No a la hora del examen

Si ustedes no practican hacer ejemplos como estos, van a

reprobar el examen
 HAVING TWO ACTIONS TOGETHER IN A SENTENCE
…action 1 + action 2…
(Tense) (No Tense)

Teacher David enjoys bullying us in the English class

I recommend asking everything you don’t understand now,

not the day of the exam

If you don’t practice doing examples like this, you will fail
the exam
 GERUND VERBS (verbs with “no tense”)

Action 2
(No Tense)

…verb-ing…

GERUND (no tense) vs INFINITIVE (no tense)

Verb-ing To – verb

Teacher, how *#?*#/ are we going to know if we have to use

INFINITIVE or GERUND?
 GERUND VERBS (“NO TENSE” ACTIONS)
1- ”When 2 actions go together in a sentence”
After specific verbs: Enjoy, Recommend, Accept, Practice, (not) mind, Dislike,
Hate, Keep, Feel like, Admit, Avoid, Deny, Finish, Miss, Suggest & phrasal verbs

I don’t feel like going to the cinema today. I prefer to stay

home

I deny having another girl other than you. You are crazy!

I don’t accept doing everything you want

 GERUND VERBS (“NO TENSE” ACTIONS)
2- When an action goes after a preposition
Prepositions: In, On, At, For, About, With, Without, Before, After, etc

It’s important to wash the hands before eating anything

I have always thought about getting-married in the beach

Thank you for giving me a ride home

 GERUND VERBS (“NO TENSE” ACTIONS)
3- Using a verb as a subject: When an actions
represents what we are talking about

“Tacos de Barbacoa” is the biggest pleasure I’ve had in my life

“Tacos de Barbcoa”
does not represent
an action

Eating “Tacos de Barbacoa” is the biggest pleasure I’ve had in my life

“Eating” represents
an action

Romantic movies are very boring

 Watching romantic movies is very boring

A car accident might be very dangerous

Having a car accident might be very dangerous

NEGATIVE INFINITIVE & NEGATIVE GERUND

Yo disfruto no gastar dinero

I enjoy not spending money

Yo prefiero no salir hoy en la noche

I prefer not to go out tonight
Complete the examples with the verbs in parentheses in
the correct form

1 – Eating the same meal every day is as boring as dating

the same person for a long time (eat)

2 – Last year, my mom decided_ _to separete_ from dad

because they did not get along well anymore (decide -
separate)

3 – My dad has always told me to prepare everything in

advanced. He says that leaving things at the last minute is
not something recommendable to do (do -
recommendable)

4 – My mom and dad never let me go to play with my friends

without doing homework (do - without)
5 – Last night, I texted you to show our photos at last
Saturday night party, but I didn’t want to cause problems to
you (text - show)

6 – Dating someone while you’re on a relationship is not a

really good idea to think of because you might end up
messing everything up (think-of - good)
HAVING TWO ACTIONS TOGETHER IN A SENTENCE
…action 1 + action 2…
(Tense) (No Tense)

Mi mamá me hace limpiar mi cuarto todos los días

My mom makes me to clean my room every day
My mom makes me cleaning my room every day
My mom makes me clean my room every day

Mi papá no me deja tener novio, hasta que termine la

escuela
My dad doesn’t let me have boyfriend until I finish school

No me gustan las películas románticas porque me hacen

llorar
I don’t like romantic movies because they make me cry
 BASE FORM VERBS (“NO TENSE” ACTIONS)
3- After “Make” & “Let”, & Modal Verbs

My mom makes me clean my room every day

My dad doesn’t let me have boyfriend until I finish school
I don’t like romantic movies because they make me cry
You should listen-to your parents
 ACTION 1 + INFINITIVE / GERUND

…Try + Infinitive…
* * * Making an effort to do something that is not done yet * * *

Next time you have to tell me something important, try to

take notes of it so that you don’t forget it

…Try + Gerund…
* * * Doing something to get the desire results * * *

If you want people to feel OK with you, try not making them
feel that you think they are inferior to you
 ACTION 1 + INFINITIVE / GERUND

…Remember + Infinitive…
* * * Keeping something in mind (that is not done yet) so that you don’t
forget it * * *

Remember to open the windows before you leave home

…Remember + Gerund…
* * * A memory of something that was previously done * * *

I can’t find my keys. I remember putting them on the table,

but they are not there.

Mi mamá me hace limpiar mi cuarto todos los días

 COMMUNICATING INFORMATION

Does a dress suit you?

ALFANO: May be it does!

TEACHER: Wow! I asked a student if a dress suited him,

and he said it did!
 COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
“Reporting what someone else said, did, or asked”
 REPORTING VERBS
“Grammatical verbs that refer to the process of
communicating information”

Say Tell Ask Have Make etc…

 COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
“Reporting what someone else said, did, or asked”

Yesterday, Alfano said (that) a dress could suit him!

The verb “said” is

indicating that someone
else expressed this idea
 COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
“Reporting what someone else said, did, or asked”

Last semester in Idiomas, it was announced (that) we would

come back to have physical exams instead of online exams

My son made me drive 7 kilometers to take him to his

girlfriend house, but she wasn’t there

One of my English 4th students asked me if he could miss

the class two days ago.
 COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
“Reporting what someone else said, did, or asked”

A: Dad, can I use your car and your money to go to the

cinema with Daniela?
DAD: Of course, NO

“Reporting information”

My ridiculous son asked me if he could use my car and my

money to go to the cinema with his ridiculous girlfriend
named Daniela
 COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
“Reporting what someone else said, did, or asked”

DANIELA: Hey Mr. your son’s dad, I love your son very
much!
DAD: Jajajajajajaj

“Reporting information”
My ridiculous son’s girlfriend told me (that) she loved my
son very much
 COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
“Reporting what someone else said, did, or asked”

DAD: How did you fall in love with that ridiculous girl?
MY SON: She seduced me by inviting me some Chilaquiles

“Reporting information”
My son told me (that) she had seduced him by inviting him
some Chilaquiles
 COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
“Reporting what someone else said, did, or asked”

TEACHER: Alfano, I won’t ever forget your example with the

dress
ALFANO: Que oso, teacher

“Reporting information”
Teacher David told me (that) he wouldn’t forget my
example with the dress
 TELL VS SAY
Transitive verb Intransitive verb

Teacher David told me (that) I would have a lot of

homework

Teacher David said to me (that) I would have a lot of

homework
 TENSE CONVERTION

ORIGINAL CONVERSATION REPORTING INFORMATION

Simple present Simple past

Simple past Past perfect
Present perfect Past perfect
Present progressive Past progressive
Real future (will) Unreal future (would)
Present perfect progressive Past perfect progressive

“CAN” “COULD”
“MAY” “MIGHT”
“MUST” “HAD TO”
 COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
“Reporting what someone else said, did, or asked”

Jim: I want to go to the cinema.

Jim said that he wanted to go to the cinema

Jack: My mom didn’t let me go to the cinema

Jack said that his mom hadn’t let him to go to the
cinema

Mike: I will invite my cousin Pedro

Mike told us that he would invite his cousin Pedro
Jim: I have not bought the tickets for the movie
Jim said that he hadn’t bought the tickets for the movie

Jack: I am buying the tickets online

Jack now said to me that he was buying the tickets
online

COMMUNICATING INFORMATION AT A SPECIFIC TIME

Feb / 1st/2024
TEACHER: Alfano, I will ask you for more examples
tomorrow
ALFANO: OK teacher

“Reporting information”
Teacher David told me (that) he would ask me for more
examples the next day
COMMUNICATING INFORMATION AT A SPECIFIC TIME
Feb / 1st/2024
TEACHER: Lopez, I asked you for an example yesterday
LOPEZ: I don’t remember, teacher

“Reporting information”
Teacher David told me (that) he had asked me for an
example last month / 188 days ago / the day before
COMMUNICATING INFORMATION AT A SPECIFIC TIME
June / 29th /2023
ROCHA’S BOYFRIEND: I lost your birthday present
yesterday
LOPEZ: I don’t remember, teacher

Feb / 20
“Reporting information”
My stupid ex-boyfriend told me (that) he had lost my birthday
present the day before my birthday
 REPORTING YES / NO QUESTIONS
“Reporting what someone else asked for”

TEACHER: Melendez, do you understand what I say in

class?
Melendez: Yes, teacher

“Reporting question”
Teacher David asked me if I understood what he says in
class
 REPORTING WH QUESTIONS
“Reporting what someone else asked for”

Melendez: Teacher, why do you ask me this question?

Teacher: Nomas!

“Reporting question”
Melendez asked me why I asked her that question