I. Bab I (Narrative) : Speaking
I. Bab I (Narrative) : Speaking
I. Bab I (Narrative) : Speaking
BAB I (NARRATIVE)
Speaking
Expressions Response
Do you like (..football) ? Yes, I love them .
No, not really .
What do you think of I can’t eat it .
(..cheese)? It’s so delicious .
Which do you prefer I prefer reading comic .
(...reading comic or reading Actually, I don’t like either, I
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novel) ? prefer... (adventuring)
What is your favorite My favorite cartoon is
(...cartoon) ? Doraemon .
How do you like about I think it’s a boring game .
(..basketball) ? I’m crazy about watching it,
and I happy if I can play it !
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Reading
A.Narrative Text
A narative text is a text that entertains and intructs the
readers. It entertains because it deals with the unusual and
unexpected development of events. It intructs because it
teaches readers that problems should be confronted,and
attempts made to resolve them.
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Example Narrative Text :
Once upon a time, there lived as neighbours, a bear and a rabbit. The
rabbit is a good shot. In contrary, the bear is always clumsy ad could not use the
arrow to good advantage.
One day, the bear called over the rabbit and asked the rabbit to take his
bow and arrows and came with bear to the other side of the hill. The rabbit was
fearing to arouse the bear's anger so he could not refuse it. He consented and
went with the bear and shot enough buffalo to satisfy the hungry family. Indeed
he shot and killed so many that there was lots of meat left after the bear and his
family had loaded themselves and packed all they could carry home.
The bear was very gluttonous and did not want the rabbit to get any of the
meat. Th e rabbit could not even taste the blood from the butchering as the bear
would throw earth on the blood and dry it up. The poor rabbit would have to go
home hungry after his hard day's work.
The bear was the father of five children. The youngest child was very
kind to the rabbit. He was very hearty eater. The mother bear always gave him
an extra large piece of meat but the youngest child did not eat it. He would take
it outside with him and pretended to play ball with the meat. He kicked toward
the rabbit's house and when he got close to the door he would give the meat
with such a great kick. The meat would fly into the rabbit's house. In this way,
the poor rabbit would get his meal unknown to the papa bear.
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Writing
A.Advertisement
Advertisement is announcement which tries to make sure that people
know that something is forsale, that something is going to happen, that a
show is on. Advertisement is commonly abbreviated as “ad”.
Example :
I
You Liked
He Didn’t like The Japanese food
She Saw
We Didn’t see Conan Movie
They
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Wh-Question
You
When did They Leave school ?
He
She
Yes / no question
Example :a. at 9 o’clock
b. on Monday
c. in April
Short Answer
Example : a. Yesterday
b. ago
c. Last (next, week, years, etc)
A.Reflexive Pronoun
Here are the reflexive pronoun types and function :
a. There are two types of reflexive pronoun :
Singular : myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself.
Plural : ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
C. Reflexive pronoun can be used to emphasize the person or thing you
Simple Sentence (Transitive and Intransitive)
When the predicate is followed by an object is called transitive.
Predicate that is followed by noun, an adjective, and an adverb it is call
intransitive. Example :
a) You have doraemon comics.(transitive)
b) I enjoyed playing kite. (transitive)
c) My sister is working. (intransitive)
d) Duck can swimm. (intransitive)
D. AdverbsPhrase and Adverb Clause
Prepositions begin most adverbs, such as to, in, at, out, of, on, for,
until, etc. Dverb can take the form of phrase or clause with conjuction,
as, before, although, etc.
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a. Adverb phrase
to go to Bali.
He play basket ball in the school yard.
Rahma go to school at 9 o’clock.
b. Adverb clause
Although this morning, Rani go to school.
Before we go to school, we always breakfast.
E. Action Words
When we looked at the languange features of narrtives, we saw that
action words arre used to describe what is happening. Action words are
called “verbs”. By using the right verb, the narrator can give the audience
a better description of the action. Compare the following :
She moved sideways She darted sideways
He ate his lunch quickly He gobbled his lunch
He said quietly He whispered
Here is a list of verbs that give the audience a better
description of the action.
a. Raced f. Comanded
b. Deposited g. Pondered
c. Loitered h. Lectured
d. Chuckled i. Trudged
e. Collapsed j. Was flogged
Speaking
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Reading
A. Descriptive text
Purpose : to describe a paricular person, place, or thing.
Text organization :
Identification : identifies phenomenon to be decribed
(mention the special participant)
Description : describes parts, qualities, characteristics
Languange features :
The use of adjectives and compound adjectives.
The use of relating verb.
The use of siple present tense.
The use of degree of comparison.
The use of attributive and identifying process.
Focus on specifies participans
The Elephant
The African Elephant is described as the Loxodonta africana of
Africa. They are very large, grey, four-legged herbivorous mammals.
They have almost hairless skin, a distinctive long, flexible,
prehensile trunk. Its upper incisors form long curved tusks of ivory.
African elephants have large fan-shaped ears and two “fingers” at
the tip of its trunk, compared to only one in the Asian species.
Furthermore, the Indian Elephant is described as Elephas maximus
of south-central Asia. The ears of Indian elephants are significantly
smaller than African elephants.
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of ears the elephant’s hearing is poor, because elephants ears are
used to aid ventilation. One of the softest parts of their body is at
the back of the ears, which is called the knuckle. In a zoo, elephant
trainers, called Mahouts, use their feet to steer or give commands to
the animal via the knuckle at the back of the ears.
Some other facts about the elephants are : The elephant is the
largest of all land mammals; Life Span - elephants can live for up to
70 years; Elephants normally walk about 4 mph; Elephants are able
to swim for long distances; Elephants spend about 16 hours a day
eating; They consume as much as 495 pounds of food per day; They
live in tight social units led by an older matriarch; Males leave the
herd between the ages of 12 and 15; Their tusks are of ivory and are
actually enormously enlarged incisors; The elephant's eyes are
small and its eyesight is poor, They have the largest brains in the
animal kingdom.
Writing
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B.Personal Letter
Example ;
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I myself have never traveled to Semarang.
c. We can also use reflexive pronoun to emphasize that something was
done without help from anybody else.
Nesya wrote the novel herself.
He plans with the car himself.
d. We can use by + reflexive pronoun to show that somebody is on their
own (alone).
The cat found its way home by itself.
My aunt, although she is rather rich prefers to live by herself.
D.Describing Things
When describing the things we see, we wil see descriptive adjectives.
We use them to describe condition of a noun. The usually, come before
the nouns or after certain verb. Let’s have a ook at the folowing table.
E. Phrase Formation
There are four kinds of phrases to be functioned in the sentence.
1) Noun phrase is a phrase with a noun as the head, added with
some adjectives as the modifiers. Example :
Long snake.
Cold weather.
Short hair.
2) Verb phrase is a phrase with a verb as a head, added with one or
two words as the modifiers. Example :
Is not painted.
Really like.
Is located.
3) Adverbial phrase is a phrase with preposition as the head, which is
then followed by another phrase showing place, time, purpose, etc.
Example :
To hear the sound of the following water.
About 30 kilometers east of the villa .
Down to small lake.
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4) Adjective phrase is a phrase with adjective as the head,
functioning to complete the predicate that takes the form of “be”.
Example :
Always diligent.
Always nice.
Very good for health
Speaking
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I’m busy tonight. Can I take a raincheck on that?
(*raincheck : if someone invites you to dinner on a night that you are
busy, you can say, “can I take a raincheck?” this means that you
hope they will invite you again on another night.)
Reading
A.News Item
Purpose : to inform readers, listenes, or viewers about events of
the day which are considered news worthy or important.
Text Organization :
News worthy Events : tells the events in a
summary form.
Background Events : elaborate what happened,
explains, what caused the incident.
Sources : comments by participant in,
witnesses to and authories expert on the event.
Languange Features :
The use of action verbs.
The use of saying verbs.
The use of passive sentences.
The use of adverbs in passive sentences.
Focus on circumstance.
Short, telegraphic, information about story captured in
headine.
Use of material processes to retell the event.
News Item
Aceh – Hundreds of homes in the three sub-
districts in North Aceh district, Aceh (NAD) is
currently flooded. However, until now
residents are not displaced, still survive.
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Gather information on the AFP, flooded hundreds of homes that were
located in three districts in North Aceh, the district that includes the
village of Tanjong Matangkuli, Meuria, West Tempok, Alue Thoe, Lawang,
and Hagu village. Alue Thoe.While the district Pirak Timu, floods hit the
village of Tanjong Serkuy, Meunasah Krueng, Rayek Pange, Pange,
Bungong, Gelumpang, and Hasan Krung Kreh.While in the District
Lhoksukon, floods inundate the fish market complex and several houses in
the village of Kampung Baru and Dayah. PMI branch chairman, Usmanur,
admitted that the three districts is a subscription area flood victims. “Until
this evening the water level remained 50 cm, but if it rains in the
mountainous highlands, water will continue to grow, residents likely to be
displaced,” said Usmanur when hubunggi AFP.
Writing
A.Invitation Letter
Here are writing plan for invitation letter :
Greeting :
- Dear ....
Opening paragraph (say why you are writing)
Main part (describe what you are going to do)
Closing paragraph (restate your invitation and ask for reply)
Signature endings :
- Best,
- Love,
- All my love,
- Best wishes,
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Dear Rismada,
Hi my best friend, what are you doing right now ? Keep
busy, right ? I write the letter because i miss you so much
friend and i want invite you to come in my house at 1st June.
Hm, i want visit to your house friend at long holiday. I
want know your new house and i want also meet your friend.
But, before i want invite you to my house at 1st June. Can you
remember it ? i hope you remember. Come in my house at
7p.m. i hope you can come. And you can meet Amaliya,
Cristiani, and friends at junior high school.
I hope you can reply friend, i always wait your reply.....
Best,
Yayuk sayyidatul H
B.Adjective Clause
An adjective clause modifies a noun. It describes or gives information
about a noun WHO refers to a person. Ex :
The girl is my sister.
She is talking with Rianty.
- The girl who is talking with Riyanty is my sister.
WHOM is used as the direct or indirect object of a verb. Ex :
The man is very famous actor.
You have just helped me.
- The man whom you have just helped me is very famous actor.
WHICH refers to thing. Ex :
The box was very beautiful.
She put in the crown.
- The box which she put in the crown was very beautiful.
WHOSE shows possessions. Ex :
I know the girl.
His sister is a singer.
- I know the boy whose sister is a singer.
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It has been working.
Plural subject
We have been waiting.
You have been listening.
They have been wandering.
The present perfect continous tense describe an action that began in
the past and has continued up the present. In many cases it can be used
interchangeably with the present perfect tense. Beside, both of them use
time marker since and for. Examples :
They have been living here for five years (present perfect
continous tense)
They have lived here for five years (present perfect tense)
I have been studying english since three years ago(present perfect
continous tense)
I have studied english since three years ago(present perfect tense)
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