D.K.

LG 3.1 | Health Trends, Issues, and Concerns and cognitive (learning and reasoning) damage
(Global level) and affects health, well-being and the economy.
Some key suggestions to eradicate poverty and
The term “global health” rose in popularity along hunger are:
with the rise of globalization. Both terms improved
public awareness of vulnerabilities and shared  Education
responsibilities among people for the different  Promoting gender equality
injustices in the world.  Producing more jobs
 Investing more in agriculture
Ilona Kickbush (2006)  Strengthened nutrition programs for children
 Director of the Global Health Program at the and infants
Graduate Institute of International and  Support and protection of developing and
Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. vulnerable countries during crises
 States that global health pertains to various
health issues, concerns, and trends that go 2. Achieve Universal Primary Education
beyond national boundaries and call for global Persons, particularly women who are
initiatives for the protection and promotion of educated, are more likely to seek medical care
peoples’ health across the world. especially during pregnancy, ensuring proper
nutrition for their family, adopting healthy
Koplan and Associates (2009) sanitary practices and ensuring immunization
 states that global health is an area for study, of children. As an effect, infants and children
research and practice that prioritizes health have better survival rates, are healthier and
improvement and achieving impartiality in better nourished. If these are attained, children
healthcare and wellness worldwide. who receive primary education are more likely
to:
Beaglehole and Bonita (2010)
 Gave a short but meaningful definition of global  Marry and have their own families at a later
health: cooperative research and action of stage in life
international communities to promote health for  Practice family planning and have fewer
all. children
 Know rights, responsibilities and civic
8 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS obligations
 Seek employment and sustain personal and
The United Nations Millennium Development family needs
Goals are eight targets that all 191 UN Member  Have decreased risk of getting sexually
States have agreed to achieve by 2015. transmitted infections like HIV/AIDS
 Support and protection of developing and
The United Nations Millennium Declaration vulnerable countries during crises
Signed in September 2000. Commits world
leaders to fight discrimination against women and 3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower
children, disease, hunger, poverty, illiteracy, and Women
environmental degradation. All of these goals Gender equality means equal
cannot be attained without addressing each and representation of men and women. It implies
every one. All of them influence, affect and depend that all gender should have equal value and
on better global health programs and policies. treatment. Equal gender treatment empowers
women and other groups creating opportunities
1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty in education, work, finances, and other aspects
Developing countries particularly in which improves the economy and lessen effects
Africa and Asia suffer from extreme poverty of financial crises. Gender equality can be
and hunger. Poverty and hunger leads to severe achieved through:
malnutrition which leads to lifelong physical
 Early childhood development intervention
D.K.

 Promotion of women’s political rights and nations. Some of the effects of disease outbreak
involvement are loss of jobs, shortage in professional
 Improved reproductive health programs and workers, and creating social crises. Children
policies are the most vulnerable and are exposed to
 Education and integrating gender equality in exploitation and abuse undermining their
school curriculum normal growth and development. Some ways to
 Improved women’s access to work and combat diseases include effective prevention,
strengthened labor policies for women treatment and care like:
 Support and protection of developing and
vulnerable countries during crises.  Improved housing conditions
 Increased access to anti-malarial medicines
4. Reduce Child Mortality  Promoting safer sex behavior and preventive
Programs and policies which help education for all
reduce child mortality like improving  Promoting Tuberculosis (TB) screening of
nutritional intake, healthcare facilities and HIV/AIDS persons and
infrastructure, and other fields which improve  TB - Directly Observed Treatment Short (TB-
children’s lives. Strengthening local and DOTS) Course therapy
national health programs and policies is one  Promoting the use of insecticide-treated nets to
way to reduce child mortality. This includes: fight mosquito-borne diseases

 Immunization programs 7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability

 Assuring the survival and better health of - Investing and supporting sustainable energy like
mothers solar, wind and water energy help support jobs,
 Improving reproductive health programs and create business opportunities, and save remaining
policies non-renewable energy sources. Environmental
 Better nutrition program for infants, children sustainability assures peoples to live healthier and
and mothers enjoy a clean and green environment. Some of the
benefits of a sustainable environment are:
5. Improve Maternal Health
Improved maternal health is not only  Cleaner air and environment
about mother’s health but also involves the  Clean, environment-friendly, and renewable
health and wellness of the family. Maternal energy
health also helps eradicate other problems like  New and aspiring jobs and business in energy
poverty, gender inequality, decreased  Increased access to sanitation.
workforce, lower birth deaths, and disability of
women. Some ways to improve maternal health 8. Global Partnership for Development
include: The United Nations, World Health
Organization, World Bank and governments
 Improved and proper nutrition of mothers work together to make sure there is fair trade
 Teaching the benefits of birth spacing and and that heavily indebted countries obtain relief
small family size and funds to combat poverty, malnutrition and
 Educating young boys and girls about the funds for education and social projects. Some
importance of maternal health benefits of global partnership are:
 Better and improved access to hospital care
especially obstetrics-gynecology, prenatal and  Expanded international trade agreements
postnatal care  Improved access to affordable medicine
 Reduced poverty through government debt
6. Combat HIV/AIDs, Malaria, and other relief grant
diseases  Developed information and communication
Emerging and re-emerging diseases like technology (ICT) infrastructure
HIV/AIDS, malaria, influenza and other
diseases affect productivity and growth of
D.K.

Global Health Initiatives: Global Prevention and Control of Tobacco and

 One of the benefits of globalization to the world Alcohol Use
is the development and improvement of various
health initiatives initiated by different nations The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco
and governments to address health issues and Control (WHO FCTC)
concerns.  The prime international treaty negotiated
 Global health initiatives are programs set in under WHO.
motion by the United Nations through the  Came into existence in reaction to the global
World Health Organization and in partnership epidemic of tobacco use and abuse.
with the World Bank which targets specific  Reaffirms the right of every individual
health problems across the world to the highest standard of
 Some of the global health initiatives health promoting public health and
spearheaded by the World Health Organization providing new legal means for global health
include the following: cooperation.

The Global Fight against Communicable Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of
Diseases Alcohol.
A. Roll Back Malaria.  Recognizes the close ties between the
 Is a global effort to reduce the number harmful use of alcohol and the socio-
of deaths from malaria infection economic development of a nation.
B. Stop TB.
 A global effort to prevent further Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control
transmission of tuberculosis or TB of Non-communicable Diseases.
around the world.  A global action plan to prevent and control
 One of the programs for Stop TB is the the following non-communicable diseases:
implementation of the TB-DOTS short- cardiovascular diseases, chronic
course strategy. respiratory diseases, cancers, and
diabetes and the four shared risk factors:
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization unhealthy eating, physical inactivity,
 A global strategy which aims to strengthen tobacco use and alcohol use.
children’s immunization programs and
introduce new generation of licensed Global Initiative for Mental Health
vaccines into use in developing countries  Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan
across the globe. 2013-2020
 These new vaccines which could help  The result of extensive research and
reduce the number of deaths in children consultations by stakeholders, member-
aged 5 years old and below includes: nations, academic and non-government
centers across the globe.
 Hepatitis B vaccine  Should be impartial, life-based, and
 Childhood meningitis vaccine preventive in nature. It basically addresses
 Yellow fever vaccine the following:
 Influenza vaccine
 Vaccine for pneumonia  To fight and alleviate negative trends
in mental health,
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and  To improve and make mental health
Malaria. services and care accessible, and
 A funding project rather than an initiative.  To prevent abuse of rights and unjust
 It helps in the prevention, reduction, and treatment against people with mental
mitigation of the negative impacts of the problems, disorders, and disabilities
three diseases on humanity which are still prevalent around the
world.