Project No.

XXXX

Project Title: XXXXXX

Specification for Transformers

Doc. No: XXXXXXX
 Specification for Transformers

Contents
1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Project scope ................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Purpose of this document ................................................................................................ 5
2. DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................... 5
2.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 6
3. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE ...................................................................................................... 7
4. CODES & STANDARDS ........................................................................................................... 7
5. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ..................................................................................................... 8
6. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ............................................................................................ 8
7. TECHNICAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 9
7.1 Unit of Measurements ...................................................................................................... 9
7.2 Electrical Supply (Voltage ratings shall be updated based on Project design requirements)
......................................................................................................................................... 9
7.3 General ............................................................................................................................ 9
7.4 Manufacturing Requirements ........................................................................................... 11
8. PAINTING .................................................................................................................................. 19
9. INSPECTION AND TESTING .................................................................................................... 20
9.1 Inspection ......................................................................................................................... 20
9.2 Testing ............................................................................................................................. 20
9.3 Type Tests ....................................................................................................................... 21
9.4 Test Reports..................................................................................................................... 21
9.5 Routine Tests ................................................................................................................... 21
9.6 Special tests ..................................................................................................................... 21
9.7 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) .............................................................................. 22
10. QUALITY ASSURANCE ............................................................................................................ 22
10.1 Subcontractors / Vendors ................................................................................................ 23
10.2 Guarantees ...................................................................................................................... 23
11. SPARE PARTS AND SPECIAL TOOLS ................................................................................... 23
12. HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................. 24
13. PACKAGING AND SHIPPING .................................................................................................. 24
14. PRESERVATION AND STORAGE ........................................................................................... 24
15. DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................................... 25

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 Specification for Transformers

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 Specification for Transformers

The table below is a brief summary of the most recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions are
held on document by the issuing department.

Sr. Rev. Issue

Date of issue Description of revision
No. No. No.
1 XX XX XX-XX-XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

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 Specification for Transformers

1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1 Introduction

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

1.2 Project scope

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

1.3 Purpose of this document

The purpose of this document is to define the design, selection and minimum technical requirements
of Transformers to be installed as part of "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx” Project.

The VENDOR shall be responsible for the design, sizing, selection, manufacturing, testing, delivery
and documentation of Transformers. The VENDOR shall include any other component/ accessory
required for the satisfactory operation. It is the responsibility of the VENDOR to provide Transformer
complete with its accessories suitable for the operational requirements of the plant facilities.

This Specification is general in nature and is to be read along with the Datasheets, Project Design
Basis Memorandum, applicable International Codes and Standards, and other referenced project
documents indicated under Section-4 & 5 of this specification. VENDOR shall clearly outline each
and every deviation from the project specification and reference documents, if any. If there are no
deviations listed in the proposal, then the bid will be considered to comply with all aspects of the
specification and reference documents.

2. DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONS

2.1 Definitions

COMPANY XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

PROJECT XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

The party, which carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning, or management of the
project.
EPC CONTRACTOR
The COMPANY shall have access to all CONTRACTOR’s suppliers
to the same extent as required of CONTRACTOR.

ENGINEERING
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
CONSULTANT

The party (parties) which manufactures and/or supplies materials,

equipment, technical documents or drawings and/or services to
MANUFACTURER/
perform the duties specified by the EPC CONTRACTOR / COMPANY.
VENDOR
This includes all SUB VENDORS / tradesman &Contractors.

MAY Indicates a possible course of an action

SHALL Indicates a mandatory requirement

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 Specification for Transformers

Indicates a strong recommendation to comply with the requirements

SHOULD
of this document.

2.2 Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description
A Ampere
ANSI American National Standard Institute
API American Petroleum Institute

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ATEX Appareils destinés à être utilisés en ATmosphères EXplosives

AWA Aluminum Wire Armour

BS British Standard

CT Current Transformer

DGPT Discharge of Gases, Pressure and Temperature

EI-IP The Energy Institute (formerly: Institute of Petroleum)

EN Euro Norm

EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility

EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction

FEED Front End Engineering Design

IEC International Electro Technical Commission

IP Ingress Protection

ISO International Organization for Standardization

ITP Inspection and Test Plan

kV Kilo Volts

kVA Kilo Volt Ampere

kW Kilo Watts

LV Low Voltage

MV Medium Voltage

MVA Mega Volt Ampere

MW Mega Watts

NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers

NEMA The National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NER Neutral Earthing Resistor

OCTC Off Circuit Tap Changer

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer

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 Specification for Transformers

Abbreviation Description

PCB Polychlorinated biphenyls

PED Pressure Equipment Directive

PO Purchase Order

RTD Resistance Temperature Detectors

SI International System of Units

SLD Single line Diagram

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

SPD Surge Protection Devices

TR Transformer

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

V Voltage
VSD Variable Speed Drive

VT Voltage Transformer

Z Impedance

3. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

Should any conflict arise between the specifications, data sheets, codes and standards, regulations,
the EPC CONTRACTOR / VENDOR shall comply with the requirements in the following order of
precedence:

1) The Laws, standards and regulations

2) Project Specification, Datasheet & Material Requisition
3) COMPANY specifications
4) Industry codes & international standards
5) International Oil and Gas industry Codes, standards and recommended practices. (area where
specified in above or when none of above is applicable as proposed by VENDOR and approved
by the COMPANY)
6) Internationally recognized oil and gas industry sound practices

In case of conflict at the same level of hierarchy, clarification should be sought from the COMPANY in
writing; however, as a guideline the most stringent requirement shall apply. In such cases VENDOR /
EPC CONTRACTOR shall provide its interpretation in writing using a Technical Query sheet. In all
such cases, COMPANY decision shall be final.

The EPC CONTRACTOR / VENDOR shall be responsible to investigate the requirements of all
applicable local regulations, Codes and Standards together with the requirements of the local
Certifying Authorities.

4. CODES & STANDARDS

Electrical Cables-Thermosetting insulated, armoured Cables for

BS 5467
Voltages of 600/ 1000V and 1900/ 3300V.
BS 6121 Mechanical cable glands

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 Specification for Transformers

BS EN 10204 Metallic products- Types of inspection documents

BS EN 60228 Conductors of Insulated Cables
Tests on Electric and Optical Fibre Cables under Fire
BS EN 60332
Conditions
BS EN 62444 Cable glands for electrical installations
EN 60079 Explosive Atmospheres
Specification for degrees of protection provided by enclosures
EN 60529
(IP code)
EN 61000-6-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility
Functional safety of electrical/electronic/ programmable
EN 61508
electronic safety-related systems.
European Directive 89/366/EEC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive
IEC 60076-1 Power transformers-Part 1: General
IEC 60076-2 Power transformers-Part 2: Temperature rise
Power transformers-Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and
IEC 60076-3
external clearances in air
Power transformers-Part 4: Guide to the lightning impulse and
IEC 60076-4
switching impulse testing - power transformers and reactors
IEC 60076-5 Power transformers-Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit

Power transformers-Part 7: Loading guide for oil – immersed

IEC 60076-7
power transformers

IEC 60076-10-1 Power transformers-Part 10: Determination of sound levels

IEC 60085 Electrical insulation - Thermal classification

Insulating liquids - Determination of the breakdown voltage at

IEC 60156
power frequency - Test method

Fluids for electrotechnical applications – Unused mineral

IEC 60296
insulating oils for transformers and switchgear

IEC 61869-1 Instrument transformers, Part -1: General requirements

Instrument transformers, Part -2: Additional requirements for
IEC 61869-2
current transformers
Instrument transformers, Part -3: Additional requirements for
IEC 61869-3
inductive voltage transformers
ISO-9001-2015 Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standards

5. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

Document No. Document Title

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Electrical Design Basis / Basis of design

6. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Height Above Sea Level xxxx m

Maximum Ambient Temperature xxC
Minimum Ambient Temperature xxC

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 Specification for Transformers

Rain Season xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Average Annual Rainfall xxx mm
Maximum Rainfall xxx mm/hr
Maximum Humidity xx% Approx
Minimum Humidity xx% Approx.
Maximum Wind Velocity xx m/s

7. TECHNICAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

7.1 Unit of Measurements

The SI units will be used.

7.2 Electrical Supply (Voltage ratings shall be updated based on Project design
requirements)

• 33kV AC, 3Phase, 3Wire, 50Hz Neutral Solidly Earthed

• 11kV AC, 3Phase, 4Wire, 50Hz Neutral Resistance Earthed
• 415V AC, 3Phase, 4Wire, 50Hz Neutral Solidly Earthed
• 240V AC, 1Phase, 3Wire, 50Hz Neutral Solidly Earthed
• 240V AC, 1Phase, 3Wire, 50Hz, UPS Neutral Solidly Earthed

The variations allowed in the system are as follows:

a) Supply Voltage Variation for HV and LV system + 5%

b) Supply Frequency Variation for HV and LV system + 2%
c) Combine Frequency and Voltage Variation ±10% within Zone A as
stated in IEC 60034-1
d) AC-UPS Frequency and Voltage Variation + 1%

7.3 General

Transformers shall be designed and constructed to withstand the mechanical and thermal stresses of
the duty specified.

When the load is a VFD / motor, VENDOR shall specify VFD technical details / motor rating, type of
starting and magnitude of starting current.

The transformer shall be capable of delivering rated current at applied voltages up to 105% of rated
voltage continuously.

The transformer shall be designed to cater for the following loads:

a) 100% continuous load

b) 30% intermittent load or the highest intermittent load whichever is higher
c) 10% standby load or the largest standby load whichever is higher
d) 10% spare capacity of Maximum Demand for future utilization shall be considered.

Transformers shall be built under strict quality assurance procedures to comply with IEC 60076 and
shall have a guaranteed lifetime of 20 years.

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 Specification for Transformers

Transformers shall be suitable for continuous operation at full load for at least 30,000 hours without
maintenance requiring the transformer to be de-energized.

Unless specified otherwise on the data sheets, each transformer shall be supplied with an off circuit
tap changer per the requirements of IEC 60214-1.

The tap changer will include a position indicator, a stop notch for every position, and a lock to prevent
the tap changer from being moved while energized.

The tap changer handle shall be located on the exterior of the transformer.

Temperature rise of windings at any tap setting measured by resistance and temperature rise on top
of oil measured by thermometer shall be as per IEC 60076.

The LV neutral conductor and terminal of polyphase general service transformers shall be located
next to the phase terminals and be dimensioned to carry out not less than that of the load of the phase
conductors and terminals.

The rated withstand voltages shall comply with IEC 60076-3, Table II. “List 2”– rated lightning impulse
withstand voltage levels – shall apply.

The transformer shall be capable of carrying a current of 110 % of its rated current for a period of at
least one hour at the rated voltage, frequency and power factor under balanced load conditions. During
this period the temperature of the windings shall not exceed the maximum allowable temperature for
the class of insulation Class A to IEC 60085.

All transformers shall be designed with an ingress protection of IP 55 (minimum) for Outdoor and IP
41(minimum) for Indoor.

The transformer shall be designed to have the dynamic ability to withstand the peak value of short-
circuit current that corresponds to the actual reactance and resistance of the transformer. An infinite
(zero impedance) source and an implied voltage of 110% of rated shall be assumed. See IEC 60076-
5 (NOTE: It is anticipated that the X/R ratio of the larger transformers may be in excess of 50).

Transformers shall be capable of withstanding without damage the thermal and mechanical effects of
the internal and external symmetrical short circuit for 1 sec.

The maximum sound pressure level (SPL) at a distance of 0.3 m shall not exceed the value given by
the following equation: SPL = 46 + 5 log10 P dB (A), where P is stated in kVA.

7.3.1 Equipment Ratings

The nominal transformer ratings are defined on the individual data sheets. The VENDOR shall supply
the actual nameplate ratings based on two cases:

a) Standard conditions as defined in IEC 60076.

b) Site conditions as specified, the transformer shall be capable of operating continuously above
or below rated voltage, or below rated frequency at maximum rated kVA for any tap, without
exceeding the stated temperature rise for:
• Low voltage ±10% and Hz within ±5% of ratings
• Load power factor down to 0.8 lagging
• Frequency as low as 95% of nameplate frequency
• Seismic Activity – 0.11G maximum acceleration at ground level
• Transformer design life shall be 20 years.

The attachments and accessories such as bushings, instrument transformers, tap changers, and
surge shall not limit the transformer kVA rating at unusual ambient temperatures.

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 Specification for Transformers

The efficiency of the transformer shall be quoted at both the ONAN rating and the highest force-cooled
rating at the calculated winding operating temperatures, corrected to an ambient air temperature as
specified in Clause 6.0. The highest forced-cooled rating’s losses shall include the power taken by the
fan and oil pump motors. No-load and load losses shall be stated at the ONAN and the highest force-
cooled rating.

The connection to be used from a step-down transformer to its load shall be noted on the datasheet.

7.4 Manufacturing Requirements

7.4.1 General

Tanks shall be constructed of steel.

The tank cover shall be welded to the tank with a continuous weld. Filling and drain orifices shall also
be sealed and rendered tamper-proof. The use of bolted covers shall be subject to approval by the
COMPANY.

The tank, tank cover and cooling system assembly shall have the mechanical strength to withstand
without permanent distortion, the internal pressures caused by the contraction or expansion to the
oil/liquid and gas/air volumes under the specified service conditions and through fault conditions.

The transformer neutral shall be brought out for external earthing (solidly, resistance or reactance
earthed), and shall be fully insulated for its winding voltage.

Internal connections and those passing through the tank wall, together with any associated gaskets,
shall be situated below the cold liquid level. Means shall be provided to prevent rotation of all terminal
stems.

Sealed tank design shall use corrugated wall (thin wall) design for transformer cooling.

Filling and draining orifices shall be sealed with screwed plugs or flanged valves with gaskets.
Gasketed joints, with the exception of those associated with pressure relief devices, shall be below
the level of the cold liquid. Valves and connections shall be provided at the top and bottom of the
transformer tank to permit sampling and filtering of transformer oil. Gas sampling valves and
connections shall be provided near the top of the transformer, above the normal liquid level.

Isolation valves shall be provided for all radiator connections.

Radiators shall be provided with isolating valves together with screwed plugs for venting and draining.

The cover of a sealed tank transformer shall be bolted to the tank.

The expansion space above the liquid level in a sealed tank transformer shall be filled with either dry
air, dry inert gas or may be a vacuum.

The transformers shall be designed to resist severe local conditions. Such measures shall include,
but not be limited to, hot dip galvanization of radiators, zinc spray preparation of tank, extra coating of
protective materials.

Sudden oil pressure relay shall have a trip contact which is actuated by the sudden pressure-rise or
flow of the oil due to an internal fault such as arc discharge.

Sudden gas pressure relay shall have a trip contact which is actuated by the sudden pressure-rise of
the gas in the gas chamber above oil, due to an internal fault.

Sealed Transformers

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 Specification for Transformers

Oil-immersed transformers with rating 4000kVA and below shall be hermetically sealed. Hermetically
sealed transformers shall have DGPT2 protection.

The hermetically sealed transformers shall be oil filled type, self-contained, non-breathing with
constant combined volume of oil and dry inert gas, sealed by welding the cover in the VENDOR’s
works. Filling orifice and drain valves shall be provided permanently sealed and rendered tamper
proof. The transformers shall be designed to facilitate and ensure safe inspection, maintenance.

7.4.2 Windings and Tapping

Transformer windings shall be of copper. Windings shall be uniformly insulated. Full power tapping
shall be provided in the high voltage windings.

Winding connections inside transformers shall be brazed or crimped.

In general, transformer primary windings shall be arranged in a delta configuration and the secondary
windings shall be in a star configuration. Unless otherwise specified, the winding arrangement shall
be Dyn11.

Winding insulation shall be Class A.

7.4.3 Core Construction

For three-phase transformers, in-line, and three-limb cores shall be used.

7.4.4 Core Earthing

All metal parts of the core, frame and tank, etc. shall be maintained at earth potential.

7.4.5 Cooling

Oil-insulated transformers shall be naturally air cooled (ONAN).

The transformer shall have provision of installing Cooling Fans if specified in Datasheet. Where ONAN
with provision for future fans (future ONAF) is specified, the transformer design and supply shall be
identical to that of a fan-cooled unit including fully rated main circuit (windings and bushings) and all
fan wirings and controls.

In case of forced air cooling (ONAF), the cooling equipment including fans and controls shall be
completely installed and wired. The provision shall include the temperature control device with two
contacts (one for alarm and one for fan control).

Unless specified otherwise on datasheets, cooling fans shall be rated for 415V AC, 3-Phase, 50 Hz
and individually fused or otherwise thermally protected.

Cooling fan motors shall have a minimum degree of protection of IP55, shall have Class F winding
insulation and shall operate at rated output without exceeding Class B motor winding temperatures at
the maximum ambient air temperature.

Automatic controls shall be actuated from a top liquid temperature relay. The power supply for the
fans will be provided by the Contractor. VENDOR shall provide contactor, fuses, etc. necessary for
starting and protecting the fan motor.

For all types and ratings of transformers the insulating liquid shall be non-toxic synthetic mineral oil
specially manufactured for use in high voltage transformers, and in accordance with IEC 60296.

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 Specification for Transformers

The liquid shall not contain, nor be contaminated with; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The oil shall
contain oxidation inhibitors and shall have a breakdown voltage of 30kV minimum when tested
according to IEC 60156.

The VENDOR shall stipulate in his quotation the characteristics of the liquid proposed. The VENDOR
shall provide test reports of the oil used for the transformers. Oil that fails to comply with the quality
requirements of IEC 60296 or ASTM D-92 will be rejected and shall be replaced by VENDOR with oil
meeting the defined standards. Oil shall be R-temp fluid or equally approved.

7.4.6 Temperature Measurement

Transformers shall be provided with a hot oil temperature indicator.

The indicator shall be dial-type calibrated in degrees Centigrade and fitted with two adjustable setting
contacts, for remote alarm and trip purpose, and a hand-reset pointer to register the highest
temperature attained.

Transformers shall be provided with winding temperature indicator. The indicator shall be thermal
image type with alarm and trip contacts. The indicator shall be with a heating element connected to
the current transformer.

7.4.7 Cable Connecting Boxes

Cable connecting boxes shall be made of steel and shall be dimensioned to allow termination of the
cables specified on the Single Line Diagram/data sheets.

The enclosures shall offer a minimum degree of protection IP55, in accordance with IEC 60529.
Separate cable connecting boxes shall be provided for the connection of the specified cables to:

a) The Primary side of the transformer

b) The Secondary side of the transformer
c) The transformer auxiliary circuits (direct measuring alarm/trip devices, CT secondary, etc.)
d) The forced cooling installation, if applied.

NOTE: The auxiliary circuit and forced cooling circuit may be combined. Terminal Coding as per
relevant IEC.

The covers of all cable boxes shall be secured, using gasket and non-loosening bolts or screws. The
covers of all cable boxes shall not be removable without the use of tools.

Main Cable Connecting Boxes

The design of the main cable connecting boxes shall meet the following requirements:

a) Primary and Secondary cable boxes shall be positioned on the side walls of the transformer. Top
mounted cable boxes are not acceptable. The cable boxes shall have IP55 degree of protection.
b) Cable box shall be provided with drain plugs.
c) All connections shall be sized to carry the maximum continuous current, (including overloads,
where relevant), and also the provided through-fault currents. Test certificates or calculations shall
be available for all main cable connecting boxes to confirm short circuit withstand capability.
d) Removable cover access plates shall be provided with handles or, when having a mass of 25kg
or more, shall be provided with lifting lugs.
e) All cable connections (greater than or equal to 3.3kV) shall be heat shrinkable termination.

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 Specification for Transformers

f) For neutral point earthing of star connected transformers, a separate neutral cable box shall be
provided with adequate space to accommodate neutral Ring CT's. On four wire systems the
neutral shall be brought out to the main cable box as well as to neutral cable box.

Medium voltage Connection

a) Terminals for receiving external connections shall comply with the requirements shown in this
specification. Sufficient space shall be provided for the COMPANY’s terminations of these cables
with cold-shrinkable or heat-shrinkable type termination kits.
b) Where single core cables are indicated on the data sheet, a non-ferrous gland plate shall be
provided.
c) Earthing studs shall be provided within the terminal compartments to facilitate direct earthing of
cable screens and on the outside of the terminal compartment for earthing cables.
d) Undrilled gland plates shall be provided at the bottom of the MV cable box.

Low Voltage Connection

a) The outgoing section shall consist of a weatherproof terminal box designed to enclose bushings,
or a flanged throat for connection to the bus assembly as specified. The type of outgoing section
required as well as connections from the terminal box shall be specified in this section and/or on
the data sheets.
b) Where single core cables are indicated on the data sheet, a non-ferrous gland plate shall be
provided. Terminals for receiving external connections shall comply with the requirements shown
in this specification. Sufficient space shall be provided for the terminations.
c) Earthing studs shall be provided within the terminal compartments to facilitate direct earthing of
cable screens and on the outside of the terminal compartment for earthing cables.
d) Undrilled gland plates shall be provided at the bottom of the LV cable box.

7.4.8 Cable Terminations

Terminals for receiving external connections shall be marked in accordance with IEC 60616 and shall
be suitable for bolted type cable compression lugs.

Sufficient space shall be provided for the COMPANY/ CONTRACTOR terminations of these cables
with cold-shrinkable or heat-shrinkable type termination kits.

Cable termination space at MV and LV bushings shall be shown and dimensioned on the VENDOR's
drawings. Suitable supports shall be provided for the cable cores in accordance with the system fault
levels.

The mounting of cables shall not obstruct the transformer cooling system. Facilities shall be provided
for the earthing of each cable protective screen and armour inside each cable termination
compartment. Earthing bolts, nuts and washers shall be provided in each compartment.

Main Cable Terminations

Cable types and sizes shall be as indicated on the datasheet. For single core cables, non-
magnetic gland plate to be supplied.

Auxiliary Cable Termination

Undrilled gland plates shall be provided at the bottom of the cable box(es) for all external cables.

These gland plates shall be separate from those used for the cabling interconnecting the auxiliary
equipment provided on the transformer.

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 Specification for Transformers

When terminations for busduct are specified in the data sheet, provision shall be made for the support
and fastening of the ducting at the throat of the transformer.

The transformer terminals shall provide a sufficient pre-drilled contact area for accepting flexible
connectors, and provision shall be made for access of the connections while the busduct remains in
place.

Auxiliary cable boxes shall be mounted on the side of the transformer in an accessible position. Cable
connecting boxes shall be air-insulated. They shall be designed to prevent deterioration or failure due
to the accumulation of condensation and exposure to ultraviolet sun rays. Space heaters shall be used
to prevent condensation.

Auxiliary Devices

Transformers shall be provided with the following auxiliaries in addition to those required by IEC
standards. All sensors and instruments located on or in the transformer shall be redundant. The alarm
devices shall have hermetically sealed contacts:

a) Top oil temperature (or, optionally, winding temperature) indicator with alarm contacts. When
specified on the data sheets, oil temperature transmitters for remote monitoring shall be supplied.
b) Liquid level indicator with low level alarm contacts.
c) Pressure vacuum gauge, if specified on the data sheets.
d) Nitrogen sealing device with low pressure alarm contacts, if specified on the data sheets.
e) Sudden pressure relay (sealed tank design), if specified on the data sheets.
f) Drain and filter valves with caps or plugs.
g) Lifting, moving, and jacking facilities.
h) Pressure relief device fitted on the tank cover.
i) Buchholz relay (conservator designs) with alarm and trip contacts.
j) Breather with silica-gel breather dehydrating capsule and an air lock (conservator designs).
k) Special transformer monitoring system(s), when specified on the data sheets.
l) Oil flow indicators for those transformers with forced-oil cooling.

7.4.9 Cable Screen and Armour Earthing

Facilities shall be provided for the earthing of each cable protective screen and/or armour inside each
cable connecting box, including those for secondary or auxiliary circuits.

Earthing bolts, nuts and washers shall be provided in each box. For earthing the screen and/or armour
of single-core cables a copper earthing bar shall be provided complete with an earthing bolt, nuts and
washers for each cable.

7.4.10 Terminals

Main Terminals

Terminals (and lugs where appropriate) shall be suitable for the cable conductors, specified in the
datasheet.

For LV single core cable terminations clamping methods shall be used in order to avoid cable
alignment problems associated with lugs.

All terminals shall be clearly and indelibly marked to identify the phase connections in accordance with
the connection diagram on the rating plate.

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 Specification for Transformers

Auxiliary Terminals

Individual terminals shall be provided for each external cable core.

The entire terminal provided shall be with screw type terminals. All the wiring shall be terminated using
Ring type / Barrel type insulated lugs.

7.4.11 Cable Supports and Clamps

Suitable cable supports and clamps for the main cables shall be provided to within 500mm of the
bottom of the cable boxes. The mounting of the cables shall not obstruct the transformer cooling
system.

The spacing between supports/clamps for the main cables shall not exceed 500 mm.

The terminals shall be logically arranged, circuit by circuit, with adequate barrier shields and spacers
in between them.

Terminals shall be clearly and indelibly marked in accordance with the transformer auxiliary wiring
diagrams.

7.4.12 Bushing Insulators

All bushings shall meet the requirements specified in IEC 60137 and IEC 62155.

The Bushing insulator design should be such that it should not leak any transformer oil. They shall be
of high strength and porcelain type. The bushing for Distribution Transformer shall be dry porcelain
type (both Primary and Secondary).

7.4.13 Auxiliary Wiring

All conductors shall be fully insulated copper conductors and continuous from terminal to terminal with
no splicing. Where wiring passes through a metal sheet or barrier, bushings, grommets, or other
mechanical protection shall be provided.

Wiring identification shall be by numbered and/or lettered barrel type ferrules, of insulating material
securely installed wire markers at each end of a circuit wire in accordance with the VENDOR wiring
diagram.

All secondary CT leads shall be brought to an outlet box near the bushing. All auxiliary devices,
including current transformer circuits, shall then be wired to a master terminal box located near grade.

The preferred wiring method shall be suitably supported armoured cable. Rigid copper free aluminium
or liquid tight flexible metal conduit with weatherproof conduit fittings can be used if approved by the
COMPANY.

The minimum wiring sizes for CT leads shall be 6 mm²; 2.5 mm² for Power: 1.5 mm² for Control; and
1 mm² for Signal. All wiring shall conform to the requirements of IEC 60364 and local codes.

All external auxiliary cabling provided by Contractor for the Transformer. This shall be installed in
conduit.

7.4.14 Frame Earthing

Transformers shall be provided with two earth terminals on the outside of the transformer mainframe
or tank wall, for connection to an external earthing grid. Each earth connection shall consist of stainless

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 Specification for Transformers

steel M10 bolt with nuts and washers. They shall be located on opposite sides of the transformer,
preferably near the main cable boxes.

All metallic components, such as cable boxes and their internal earthing bars or studs, shall be bonded
to the transformer mainframe or tank.

7.4.15 Current Transformers

When current transformers are included with the transformer, they shall be in accordance with IEC
61969-1, and comply with the requirements as specified in the Requisition.

All secondary terminals of current transformers shall be wired to a terminal block in the transformer
auxiliary cable connecting box.

The terminals shall be provided with short-circuiting links. One side of the secondary winding of each
current transformer circuit shall be earthed at this terminal block.

Provisions shall be made on all 2500 kVA and larger transformers to permit removal of bushing current
transformers from the transformer tank without removing the transformer cover.

The current transformer for the neutral-earth connection of low voltage transformer windings shall be
of the bar primary type and be located in the Neutral terminal box. The current ratings, Minimum
Accuracy Class and Rated Output Capacity (in volt-amperes) of the current transformer shall be as
shown on the data sheets. The current transformer shall have a minimum rating of 10VA and an
accuracy class of 5P20.

7.4.16 Off-Circuit Tap Changer

Off-circuit tap changer shall meet the following requirements:

a) The tapping range shall be ±5% in 2.5% steps.

b) The tapping switch shall be positively located in each tap position and shall be lockable only in
those positions. The operating handle shall be provided with padlock facilities to lock the tap
changer in each position.
c) Mechanical end stops shall be provided.
d) The operating handle shall be of metal and sized to allow operation without the need for tools. It
shall be located in a directly accessible position (i.e. not requiring the removal of any covers).
e) Tap positions shall be clearly marked in line with the data given on the rating plate.
f) One handle shall operate all phases simultaneously.

7.4.17 Mounting and Handling Facilities

The transformers shall be skid-mounted or mounted on wheels as specified in data sheets.

The transformer skids shall have rounded off beam ends and shall be provided with pulling lugs/holes
to enable site movements.

Transformers, and associated cooling equipment, when transported separately, shall each be
provided with adequate lifting lugs to facilitate transport to, and assembly at site. Additional lugs on
the tank covers shall be provided for lifting the cover, if the cover is removable.

Transformers with an assembled mass of more than 2000kg shall be provided with jacking pads.

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7.4.18 Name plate and Rating plate

Nameplates shall be placed on the outside of each auxiliary enclosure door identifying the service by
name and equipment number. The name plate shall be screw on type made of corrosion resistant
metal and shall be mounted in a prominent position, which shall be finalized during VENDOR Drawing
Review. Adhesive backing shall NOT be permitted. Information including additional information
specified in IEC 60076-1 shall be engraved on the name plate.

Nameplates shall identify each instrument and device on the instrument panel and other devices such
as relays, secondary fuses, etc. inside compartments. Door-mounted components shall be identified
both on the panel door and internally.

A rating nameplate made of stainless steel shall be provided by the VENDOR and attached to each
transformer. This nameplate shall bear the rating, connections, taps, and other essential operating
information and data, including references to installation and operating instructions. Additionally, the
following information shall also be engraved on the name plate:

a) Equipment/items Tag Number

b) Manufacturer Serial Number
c) Manufacturers Name
d) Year of Manufacture
e) Owners (COMPANY) Asset Number
f) Connection Diagram
g) Type of Transformer
h) Applicable IEC standard
i) NER (where applicable) ohm value and voltage and current time rating
j) Design Ambient Temperature
k) Maximum Temperature Rise(°C)
l) Rating in kVA, Number of Phases, Frequency
m) Volts at no load and normal tapping (HV and LV)
n) Current at rated load and normal tapping (HV and LV)
o) Vector Group Symbol, CT ratios
p) Impedance, nominal and short circuit
q) Type of cooling
r) Total mass
s) Mas of insulating oil
t) Untanking mass

Rating plate shall bear, as a minimum; the information required by IEC 60076-1 for oil type
transformers.

7.4.19 Foundation Bolts

VENDOR shall include foundation bolts suitable for embedding in concrete cement floor. The
transformer to be installed on a channel base shall be provided with fixing bolts for the transformer,
as well as foundation bolts for channel base. The foundation bolts shall withstand the seismic condition
specified in this specification.

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7.4.20 Special Tools

Special tools required for erection, commissioning and maintenance shall form part of the order and
be shipped together with the transformer.

7.4.21 Accessories

A complete set of accessories normally used for operation, maintenance, and testing of the specified
equipment shall be supplied. Additional items, as specified on the data sheets, shall also be supplied.

The VENDOR shall supply one (1) liter of touch-up paint for each transformer unit to be shipped with
the equipment for field repairs. A nameplate permanently attached to the transformer shall indicate
that the oil is PCB free.

7.4.22 Space Heater

When specified on the data sheets, space heaters shall be provided to eliminate condensation within
control junction boxes and/or cable termination compartments.

Space heaters shall be low surface temperature type with a temperature not exceeding 200°C and
sized to maintain the interior of the boxes 5°C above ambient temperature. A circuit breaker shall be
provided for over current protection and means of disconnection.

The space heaters shall be thermostatically controlled and shall operate at a COMPANY supplied
voltage supply of 240V AC, 1 Phase, 50 Hz.

The space heaters shall be adequately guarded to prevent personnel or equipment contact with the
hot surfaces.

7.4.23 Terminal Blocks for Auxiliary Power, Control, Signal and CT's

Terminal blocks shall be provided for connection of external wiring and shall be conveniently located,
clearly numbered, and identified. Terminal blocks, except those for CT leads, shall accept a minimum
of two 4 mm² wires.

All CT terminal blocks shall be of the shorting-terminal type and shall accept a minimum of two 6 mm²
wires.

8. PAINTING

Transformers shall have a surface finish which complies with the VENDOR standard for enhanced
protection against corrosion in outdoor climates. The paint system applied shall provide adequate
protection against the adverse effects of the climatic conditions specified.

The transformer tank and auxiliary enclosure paint colour shall be RAL 7035.

The underside of the tank and enclosures which will be in contact with the transformer foundation shall
be protected by a liberal coat of mastic over the above paint system or another equally effective
coating material to prevent rusting.

The transformer radiators, fan components, etc. shall be hot dip galvanized. The finish of internal walls
of tank, covers, connecting boxes and cooling systems shall effectively protect against the effective
coating material to prevent rusting. The transformer radiators, fan components, etc. shall be hot-
dipped galvanised.

External surface preparations, prior to the overall paint finish, shall comprise at least the following:

Tanks and other parts shall be hot-dip galvanized, or zinc sprayed if too large for the hot-dip process.

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Welded areas, such as the tank cover rims of hermetically sealed transformers, shall be painted with
zinc-rich paint.

The VENDOR shall provide details of all surface treatments, galvanizing, base, intermediate and final
painting systems, including the minimum thickness of each application, and an assurance of suitability
to meet the specified requirements.

The external paint finish colour shall be specified in the datasheet. Inside the main tank the colour
shall be white to facilitate internal inspection. Surface preparation and coating schemes shall be such
that it will provide maximum degree of protection under the Site environmental conditions specified.

9. INSPECTION AND TESTING

9.1 Inspection

Inspection and tests shall be carried out on the completely assembled transformer(s). Checks shall
be made to verify:

a) The correct type and make of the insulation/cooling liquid.

b) The oil-tightness of the tank, conservator, cooling system, interconnecting piping, flanges, valves
and fittings.
c) The arrangements for oil sampling, cleaning and filtering.
d) The transportability, skid, lifting, is pulling lugs, jacking pads, temporary seals, etc. The suitability
of cable connecting boxes and support clamps for type of cable(s) specified.
e) The sun/rain canopies of cable connecting boxes.
f) The layout of the auxiliary cable boxes and the external cabling system on the transformer
interconnecting operating and measuring devices to the connecting box.
g) The off-load tap changer.
h) The on-load tap changer equipment and its remote-control panel, if specified.
i) The earth connections.
j) The completeness of the nameplates, rating and diagram plate.
k) The proper terminal markings, the finish of the transformer and its components.
l) The adequacy of results of the “routine tests”.
m) The adequacy of results of the “type tests”.
n) The adequacy of results of the “special tests”.

The VENDOR shall compile the complete records of the above inspections and tests in one inspection
document.

9.2 Testing

Routine tests shall be performed on all completed transformers. For liquid-immersed transformers,
routine tests shall be as detailed in IEC 60076-1. Temperature-rise tests shall be conducted on one
transformer of each rating (the specific transformer to be of the COMPANY’s choice) and a
measurement shall be made of the power taken by the fan and oil pump motors. In addition, the short-
circuit impedance test in accordance with IEC 60076 shall be conducted on all transformers shall be
at the extreme tap settings of the transformer, in addition to the tests completed using a nominal tap.

The efficiency of each transformer shall be calculated using the results of the tests at both the ONAN
rating and the highest forced-cooled rating at the calculated winding operating temperatures, corrected
to an ambient air temperature. Unless otherwise specified in the data sheets, the test voltage for the
Rated Short Duration Power Frequency Withstand Voltage Test shall be selected from IEC 60076-3.

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An Induced Over Voltage Withstand Test and an Insulation Resistance Test shall be conducted on all
transformers.

Type tests and special tests may be performed on selected transformers. The additional tests to be
carried out shall be identified at the proposal stage and then formally agreed to between the
COMPANY and VENDOR.

Completed sealed tank transformers shall be filled with liquid and subject to a hydrostatic test of 70
kPag without loss of pressure for 24 hours.

Completed conservator or inert gas type transformers shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test
of 50 kPag without loss of pressure for 24 hours.

Radiators shall be pressure tested at 200 kPag for 3 hours while filled with transformer oil. There shall
be no leaks or loss of pressure.

9.3 Type Tests

Type tests including temperature rise test and dielectric type tests shall be carried out on transformers
of similar rating and type of design by an independent testing authority.

Temperature-rise test shall be carried out as per IEC 60076-2 on typical rating of transformers as
indicated in the Data Sheet.

9.4 Test Reports

Certified test reports will be required and shall be submitted in final form to the COMPANY/
CONTRACTOR within seven (7) working days after shop inspections and tests have been completed.
The reports shall include specific test data for the particular units and sub-units.

Type-test reports for non-specific unit tests shall be submitted upon request.

9.5 Routine Tests

VENDOR shall carry out at his works all routine tests and the final routine tests will be witnessed by
the COMPANY/ CONTRACTOR and the results shall be recorded.

Routine tests for transformers as per clause 10.1.1 of IEC 60076-1 shall include:

a) Measurement of winding resistance.

b) Measurement of voltage ratio and check of phase displacement.
c) Measurement of short-circuit impedance and load loss.
d) Measurement of no-load loss and current.
e) Dielectric routine tests as per IEC 60076-3.
f) Tests on on-load tap-changer, if applicable.

Measurement of noise levels of transformers and associated equipment shall comply with IEC 60551.
Sealed transformers and transformers of conservator or inert-gas type design shall withstand a
pressure test.

9.6 Special tests

Following Special tests as per clause 10.1.3 of IEC 60076-1, if required to be carried out, shall be
mutually agreed between the COMPANY/ CONTRACTOR and VENDOR:

a) Dielectric special tests

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b) Determination of capacitances windings-to-earth, and between windings

c) Determination of transient voltage transfer characteristics
d) Measurement of zero-sequence impedance(s) on three-phase transformers
e) Short-circuit withstand test
f) Determination of sound levels
g) Measurement of the harmonics of the no-load current
h) Measurement of the power taken by the fan and oil pump motors
i) Measurement of insulation resistance to earth of the windings, and/or measurement of dissipation
factor (tan δ) of the insulation system capacitances.

9.7 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

Measures to achieve EMC shall be chosen in accordance with IEC 61000. The VENDOR shall ensure
that all plant/equipment, or system, supplied and/or installed meets current EMC requirements for both
emission and susceptibility. Such plant/equipment, or system, shall not cause unwarranted EMC
interference to other plant/equipment, or systems, due to unintentional emission, or be unduly
susceptible to EMC interference from intentional or unintentional transmissions.

The VENDOR shall state the EMC standards to which his plant/equipment, or system, complies and
shall provide evidence of such compliance.

The EMC standards claimed shall not provide protection less than the following:

a) IEC 61000-6-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), Part 6: Generic Standards, Section 2:

Immunity standard for industrial environments.
b) IEC 61000-6-4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), Part 6: Generic Standards, Section 4:
Emission standard for industrial environments.

The VENDOR shall, in addition, apply good EMC practices to address installation issues (cable routing
and separation, location and spacing of components and devices, screening, earthing, bonding etc.)
and health risk considerations associated with EMC.

10. QUALITY ASSURANCE

Unless otherwise stated in the Purchase Order, the VENDOR's quality system shall be based on the
ISO 9001:2015 and shall be specified in a project specific quality plan, to be submitted as per project
requirement on award of the purchase order. The quality plan shall cover control, test and inspection
to be applied to the items of equipment in the package.

Only proven manufacturing process shall be used by VENDORS which are compatible with the
required application.

Vendor shall include the typical quality plan along with bid. VENDOR shall provide free access to his
works and that of SUB-VENDORS for the authorized COMPANY / CONTRACTOr representative.

All certification on the materials, shop test data etc. shall be made available to verify that the
requirements of the purchase order are being met.

Persons performing quality functions shall have sufficient and well-defined authority to enforce quality
requirements that initiate, identify, recommend and provide solutions to quality problems and verify
the effectiveness of the corrective action.

A copy of the Vendor's QA/QC program shall be submitted to the COMPANY/CONTRACTOR with its
quotation for COMPANY/CONTRACTOR's review and concurrence prior to award. If the Vendor's

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QA/QC program and facility, where the work is to be performed, is ISO 9000:2015 certified, then only
a copy of the Vendor's ISO 9000:2015 certificate is required.

The Vendor shall identify in purchase documents to its Sub-Vendors all applicable QA/QC
requirements imposed by the Contractor and shall ensure compliance thereto. On request, the Vendor
shall provide objective evidence of its QA/QC surveillance of its Sub-Vendor's activities.

COMPANY/CONTRACTOR reserves the right to inspect materials and workmanship at all stages of
manufacture and to witness any or all tests. Thirty Days after award, but prior to manufacture, the
Vendor shall provide the CONTRACTOR with a copy of its Manufacturing and Inspection Plan for
review and inclusion of any mandatory COMPANY/CONTRACTOR witness points.

10.1 Subcontractors / Vendors

The Vendor shall make an unequivocal statement that the equipment offered complies in all respects
with this specification, and the specified EN standards. The Vendor shall assume unit responsibility
and overall guarantee for the equipment.

The Vendor shall transmit all relevant Purchase Order documents including specifications to his SUB-
Vendor’s and Sub-contractors. It is the Vendor's responsibility to enforce all Purchase Order and
Specification requirements on his Sub-Vendors and Sub-Contractors.

The Vendor shall submit all relevant Sub-Vendor and Sub-Contractor drawings and engineering data
to the CONTRACTOR/COMPANY including parts nos., spare part list, and repair kits details if any.
The VENDOR shall obtain and transmit all Sub-Vendor and Sub-contractor warranties to the, in
addition to the system warranty.

10.2 Guarantees

Vendor shall guarantee for a period of time defined in the material requisition / purchase order that
the complete scope of supply shall safely and reliably meet all of the requirements of this Project
Specification, referenced documents and requisition.

All material shall be new and unused, of current manufacture, of the highest grade and free from all
defects and imperfections that could affect performance, and in all ways be fit for duty as detailed by
this specification.

The Manufacturer shall guarantee all work and materials in his supply against defective material, poor
workmanship, improper design, programming errors etc.

Due to improper packaging and/or failure in normal use, the Manufacturer shall repair or replace within
one week, without any charge to the CONTRACTOR/COMPANY, the parts found defective within the
guarantee period.

11. SPARE PARTS AND SPECIAL TOOLS

Vendor shall include with the bid the recommended spare parts list (SPIR) as per the following:

• Itemized recommended spare parts list for start-up and commissioning.

• Itemized recommended spare parts list for two (2) years operation.

Vendor to supply all start-up / commissioning spares as required. Detailed spare parts shall be
furnished in line with the Material Requisition document spare requirements.

All spare parts furnished by VENDOR shall be wrapped and packaged to preserve an original as-new
condition under normal conditions of storage. The spare parts shall be properly tagged with stainless
steel tags and coded so that later identification as to their intended equipment usage will be clear.

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All items supplied shall be packaged separately and clearly marked as “Spare Parts” and shipped with
the equipment in accordance with the instructions from COMPANY. Packing lists shall be furnished
complete and in detail so that it can be handled without uncreating, if desired.

12. HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

The VENDOR shall be responsible for ensuring that the goods and services supplied meet all
applicable national and international codes/ regulations on health, safety and environmental
requirements.

13. PACKAGING AND SHIPPING

Preparation of the Equipment for shipment is a crucial step in the completion of this contract. The
VENDOR must take into considerations that the Equipment itself shall be prepared for Sea shipment
and storage for extended periods outside environment. Care must be taken to protect the Equipment
from external attack by the elements and from the impact of moisture and humidity on the equipment.

The equipment shall be completely emptied, dried and cleaned thoroughly of all grease, loose scale,
loose rust and rubble. Appropriate anti-corrosion agent shall be applied internally if it is unpainted.
The equipment shall be properly covered and fastened during shipment. All ship loose items shall be
properly identified and packed.

The VENDOR must protect all machined surfaces and threaded connections with rust preventative.

All flanged openings shall be protected by purpose made plastic covers or metal or 6mm plywood
covers fastened with at least two machine bolts. Screwed connections are to be protected with
threaded steel plugs.

It is likely that a certain amount of disassembly will be required for shipment including some of the
mechanical components and some instrumentation. The VENDOR shall provide very specific detailed
instructions for reassembling the components and must assume that those doing the reassemble of
the components will be unskilled. If in the VENDOR’S opinion the reassembling cannot be completed
by unskilled labour, then the VENDOR must include in the proposal for the services of its own skilled
personnel to go to the site and supervise or undertake the reassembling and verification that the
equipment is suitable for operation.

Adoption of suitable packing methods and materials is at the sole discretion of the VENDOR, and
should any loss, damage and/or deterioration be caused due to improper packing, the consequences
shall be the responsibility of the VENDOR.

The units shall each carry duplicate identification and inspection release documentation which
comprise of:

• Purchase order identification

• Consignment number
• Packing list
• Inspection Release Certification
• Preservation and Storage Instructions
• Delivery address

14. PRESERVATION AND STORAGE

Equipment and materials shall be protected to withstand ocean transit and extended period of storage
at the jobsite for a minimum period of 18 months. Equipment shall be protected to safeguard against
all adverse environments, such as: humidity, moisture, rain, dust, dirt, sand, mud, salt air, salt spray,
and seawater.

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 Specification for Transformers

Assemblies supplied in transport units shall have these units clearly marked to facilitate assembly at
site. Instructions for transport, storage, erection and maintenance of the equipment shall be supplied
by the VENDOR as an integral part of the order.

Special tools and equipment required for erection, commission, and maintenance shall from part of
the order and shall be shipped together with the assembly.

15. DOCUMENTATION

Any deviations from the requirements stated within this specification or the drawings/data sheets shall
be submitted in writing with the proposal to the COMPANY for approval. Any deviations which are not
identified at the proposal stage and which subsequently come to light shall be rectified at the
VENDOR'S cost.

The VENDOR shall provide the following documents after placement of order as a minimum:

a) Completed Datasheets
b) Legend and symbol definitions for all drawings
c) General arrangement drawings showing main dimensions, foundation plan, and cable termination
arrangement details.
d) Nameplate drawing.
e) Foundation plan including foundation loading.
f) Schematic and connection/termination drawings.
g) Minimum clearances around the assemblies for ventilation and safety during operation and
maintenance
h) Transport, installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance instructions,
i) List of spare parts (commissioning and two years of operation).
j) List of applicable type test certificates. Test values shall be supplied with test certificate.
k) Test report of the final routine testing. Test values shall be furnished with test certificate.
l) Factory acceptance test procedures.
m) Operations Instruction and Maintenance Manual: The VENDOR shall provide Operating
Instructions and Maintenance Manual.
n) Test certificates and test documentation: Certificates of each type, routine, factory, mechanical
and/or performance test shall be furnished.
o) VENDOR shall supply test documentation covering all the tests, which are performed during the
implementation stages and installation & commissioning phase.
p) VENDOR shall supply all relevant test and calibration certificated applicable for electrical and
instrumentation equipment.

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