DRUG

EDUCATION
Objectives:
• to educate students the possible cause and
effect of using illegal drugs.
• describe symptoms of drug addiction
• reflect on the reasons why people resort to
drug abuse
DRUGS
DRUGS
is a substance used as a medicine or in
making medicines, which affects the body and
mind and have potential to abuse without an
advice or prescription from a physician, drugs
can be harmful.
Drug Education in the Philippines
RA 9165 or comprehensive Dangerous Drugs
Act of 2002, January 23, 2002
SEC 5, SEC 11, SEC 15

DDB- planning and formulation

PDEA-implementing board
WHAT IS DRUG ABUSE
AND DRUG ADDICTION?
 DRUG ABUSE

also known as substance abuse, involves

the repeated and excessive use of chemical
substances to achieve a certain effect. These
substances may be "street" or "illicit" drugs,
illegal due to their high potential for addiction
and abuse.
 DRUG ADDICTION

Drug addiction is a chronic disease. It causes

a person to take drugs repeatedly, despite the harm
they cause. Repeated drug use can change the brain
and lead to addiction.
WHAT CAUSES DRUG ABUSE
AND ADDICTION?
Family history of addiction. While the interplay
between the genetics and environment is not
entirely clear, if you have a family history of
addiction, you are at higher risk of abusing
drugs.
History of Mental Illness. Drug abuse can
worsen mental illness or even create new
symptoms.

Peer pressure. If people around you are doing

drugs, it can be difficult to resist the pressure
to try them, especially if you are a teenager.
How to recognize a
drug addict?
 Physical Signs of Abuse and Addiction

Some physical signs of abuse and addiction include:

• Cycles of increased energy, restlessness, and inability to sleep (
often seen in stimulants).
• Abnormally slow movements, speech, or reaction time, confusion,
and disorientation (often seen in opiates, benzodiazepines, and
barbituates.)
• Sudden weight loss or weight gain.
• Cycles of excessive sleep.
 Tolerance and Withdrawal

Some mental and emotional signs include:

• Cycles of being unusually talkative, “up” and cheerful,
with seemingly boundless energy.
• Increased irritability, agitation, and anger
• Unusual calmness, unresponsiveness or looking “spaced
out”
• Apathy and depression
• Paranoia, delusions
• Temporary psychosis, hallucinations
 Classification of Drugs

Prohibited Drug
Which includes opium and its active leaf and its derivatives,
such as heroin and morphine; cocaleaf and its derivatives, principally
cocaine; alpha and beta eucaine; hallucinogenic drugs, such as
mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other substances
producing similar effects; Indian hemp and its derivatives; all
preparations made from any of the foregoing; and other drugs and
chemical preparations , whether natural or synthetic, with the
physiological effects of a narcotic or a hallucinogenic drug; or (As
amended by B.P 179 Dated March 2, 1982).
Regulated Drug
Which includes self-inducing sedatives, such as
secobarbital, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, barbital,
amobarbital, and any other drug which contains salt of an
isomer, of amphetamine, such as Benzedrine or Dexedrine, or
any drug shich produces a physiological action similar to
amphetamine; and hypnotic drugs such as methaqualone,
nitrazepam, or any other compound producing similar
physiological effects; (As amended by PD No. 1683 dated
March 14, 1980.)
 Commonly Used and Abused Drugs

Marijuana (Harmful effects)

Marijuana slows down the user’s mental and
psychomotor activities. Users don’t remember what
they have learned when they are high. The effects of
marijuana can also impair thinking, reading
comprehension and verbal and mathematical skills.
Immediate effects:
1. Faster heartbeat and pulse rate
2. Bloodshot eyes
3. Dry mouth and throat
4. Altered sense of time/ disorientation
5. Forgetfulness/ inability to think
6. Impaired reflexes, coordination, and concentration

“Acute panic anxiety reaction” –extreme fear of losing

control
Long term Effects:
1. Chest pain
2. Irregular Menstrual Cycle
3. Temporary loss of fertility for both sexes
4. Premature babies/low birth weights
5. Cancer

Marijuana “burn-out” (dull, slow moving,

inattentive, and unaware of surroundings)
Shabu ( Harmful Effects)
Shabu is a white odorless crystal or
crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste.
In the street name for a chemical substance
known as Metamphetamine.
Acute:
1. Produces anxiety, irritability, irrational behavior,
talkativeness, and loss of self-control.
2. Results in loss of appetite and inability to sleep.
3. Can lead to acute psychotic reactions, violent and
destructive
4. Behavior and recklessness that may result in accidents.
Physiological Effects:
Include chest pain, irregularity of heartbeat, hypertension,
convulsion, and death from cardiac arrest.

Psychological and Physical Dependence:

This chemical substance is known to produce psychological
and physical dependency. These are characterized by anxiety,
tension, and craving for the substance.

Long Term-Effects
Psychiatric consequences are the major features of chronic
“shabu” abuse and dependency.
Inhalants (Harmful Effects)

Immediate effects:
1. Confusion/ disorientation
2. Distorted perception of time and distance
3. Aggressive behavior/ violence
4. Hallucination
5. Illusions
6. Nausea and vomiting
Long term effects
1. Loss of Memory
2. Inability to think
3. Muscle cramp and weakness
4. Numbness in limbs
5. Abdominal Pains
6. Damage to the central nervous system, kidneys, and
liver
7. Bone Marrow depression
Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs (Harmful Effects)

Sedative-hypnotics (tranquilizers, sleeping pills, sedatives) are

drugs which depress or slow down body functions. These are
the drugs that can be dangerous when not taken according to a
physician’s instruction.
Ecstasy (Harmful Effects)

Ecstasy is one of the most dangerous drugs threatening young

people today. Called MDMA (3-4-
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) by scientists, it is a synthetic
chemical that can be derived from an essential oil of sassafras
tree.
Dangerous Impurities
One reason why ecstasy can be especially dangerous
is the lack of content control. Ingredients are hard to get
and manufacturers of the drugs often use substitutes,
mixing other harmful additives with the already
dangerous mix.
Common Side Effects
The following effects start within 20 minutes of taking E and
can last for 4-6 hours longer:

• Increased heart rate

• Increased body temperature
• Increased blood pressure
• Increase confidence
• Nausea
• Anxiety
• Feelings of well-being (happiness, love)
• Sweating
• Loss of appetite
Overdose
Taking too much Ecstasy can result in:
• Extremely high body temperatures
• High blood pressure
• Hallucinations
• Fast heartbeat
• Breathing problems
• Death

Death often results from harmful overheating (hyperthermia), or from drinking too
much at one time (hyponatremia). Hyponatremia is a condition where excess fluids
intake swells the brain resulting in coma. A third cause of death is stimulation.
Overstimulation of the nervious system can result in heart attack or brain
hemorrhage.
Warning Signs of Overdose

• Feeling hot or unwell

• Becoming confused, not able to talk properly
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Not sweating
• Racing heart or pulse when resting
• Fainting or collapsing
• Loss of control over body movements
• Tremors
• Problem urinating

Duration Effects
An Ecstasy high can last from six to 24 hours but usually averages three to four
hours. Some reactions have been reported to persist from one to 14 days after use.
Short Term Effects

Short term effects include psychological difficulties (confusion, depression, sleep

problems, craving, severe anxiety, and paranoia) these effects occur during use and
can continue even weeks after use. Physical problems that can occur are muscle
tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, rapid eye movement,
fever, chills, or sweating.

Long term Effects Recent findings connect use of Ecstasy to memory loss. Use of
Ecstasy depletes serotonin, a very important chemical in the brain which regulates
mood, sleeping and eating habits, as well as, the thinking and behavior process,
sexual function, and sensitivity to pain.
Herbal Ecstasy

Herbal Ecstasy is another form of MDMA that is composed of ephedrine (ma huang)
or pseudoephedrine and caffeine from the kola nut. Also sold in tablet from, Herbal
Ecstasy can cause permanent brain damage and death. Though not currently
classified as a controlled substance, Herbal Ecstasy shares many of the same qualities
and effects as MDMA. Also known as Cloud 9, Herbal Bliss, Ritual Spirit, Herbal X,
GWM, Rave Energy, Ultimate Xphoria, and X.

Drug Testing
Ecstasy can be detected up to four days in the urine.
Alcohol (Harmful Effects)

Alcohol is the oldest and most widely used drug in the world. Nearly
half of all Americans over the age of 12 are consumers of alcohol.

Dealing with drunkenness and with alcohol-related, crime, violence,

and disturbances consumes more resources than any other aspect of
police operations, while the health consequences of alcohol abuse
add more enormously to national health care costs.
What is Alcohol?

Alcohol is the name given to a variety of related

compounds; the drinkable form is ethanol, or ethyl
alcohol. It is a powerful, addictive, central nervous
system depressant produced by the action of yeast cells
on carbohydrates in fruits and grains.
There are three basic types of alcoholic drink.

Beer is made from fermented grains and has an alcohol content of three to six
percent.

Wine is made from fermented grains and has an alcohol content of 11 to 14 percent.
Some wine drinks, such as wine coolers, have fruit juice and sugar added, lowering
alcohol content to between four and seven percent. Fortified wines, such as port,
have alcohol added, bringing alcohol content to between 18 and 20 percent.

Liquor is made by distilling a fermented product to yield a drink that usually

contains 40 to 50 percent alcohol. The alcohol content in liquor is sometimes
indicated by degrees of proof, which in the United States is a figure twice as high as
the percentage. Thus, 80-proof liquor is 40 percent alcohol.
 Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Use and Intoxication:
• Smell of alcohol on breath • Slurred and/or incoherent
speech
• Irritability • Loss of consciousness
• Euphoria • Slowed thinking

• Loss of Physical coordination • Depression

• Inappropriate or violent • Impaired short-term memory
behavior
• Loss of balance • Blackouts
• Unsteady galt
Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Withdrawal, Experienced by Alcoholics
and Problem Drinkers:

• Tremors • Nausea and vomiting

• Agitation • Increased body
temperature
• Anxiety and panic • Elevated blood pressure
attacks and heart rate
• Paranoia and delusions • Convulsions
• Hallucinations • Seizures
Neurological dangers include impaired vision and impaired vision and impaired motor
coordination, memory defects, hallucinations, blackouts, and seizures. Long-term
consumption can result in permanent damage to the brain.

Cardiological problems include elevated blood pressure and heart rate, risk of stroke, and
heart failure.

Respiratory dangers include respiratory depression and failure, pneumonia, tuberculosis,

and lung abscesses. Additionally, alcohol abuse increases the risk of mouth and throat
cancer.

Liver disease caused by chronic alcohol abuse, including alcoholic fatty liver, hepatitis, and
cirrhosis, kills 25,000 Americans each year.

Psychological dangers include impaired judgment and verbal ability, apathy, introversion,
antisocial behavior, inability to concentrate, and deterioration of relationships with family,
friends, and co-workers.
Tobacco (Harmful Effects)
It is estimated that directly or indirectly, tobacco causes
more than 400,000 deaths in the U.S annually, a figure that
represents nearly 20 percent of all U,S deaths, these deaths have
been attributed to a number of conditions defined as tobacco-
related, including heart disease (115,000 deaths), cancer
(136,000), chronic pulmonary disease (60,000), and stoke
(27,000).
What is Tobacco?
The first European settlers in North America were
introduced to tobacco smoking by Native Americans. By the early 16th
century, the settlers were exporting tobacco to Europe, where it was
believed to have curative powers. By the end of the 19th century, tobacco
use was common in North America, but the quantity of tobacco that each
individual used was still relatively small. A number of factors that
contributed to a 20th-century surge in tobacco use. Invention of the
safety match made it safe and easy to light up, and invention of the
cigarette-manufacturing machine made it possible to produce pre-rolled
cigarettes in great quantities.
 Cigarette use continued to grow at a rapid pace and peaked at
over 40 percent of the nation’s adolescents-and-older population by
the mid-1960’s. About this time, several epidemiological studies were
released, including the U.S Surgeon General’s influential 1964 report,
pointing to the connection between smoking and such diseases as
cancer and respiratory illness. As these and subsequent studies were
publicized, fear of long-term illness caused many smokers to quit and
many potential users never to begin.
What is Passive Smoking?
Passive smoking is the process that causes non-
smokers to inhale smoke involuntarily. Some of the smoke they
inhale is known as “sidestream smoke”-the smoke that smolders
off the end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe. The smoke has neither
passed through a filter nor through the lungs of a smoker and is
therefore extremely potent, containing more tar, nicotine,
particles, and gases than inhaled smoke. Sidestream smoke can
cause respiratory distress and allergic reactions, as well, as lung
cancer.
Tobacco has been implicated in:
Cancers of the lungs, mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus,
stomach, pancreas, uterus, cervix, kidney, bladder, and
some forms of leukemia, cardiovascular diseases, heart
attack, fatal heart failure, and stroke, pulmonary diseases,
such as sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and
tracheitis (inflammation of the trachea), reproductive
complications, such as miscarriage, premature birth, birth
effects, and especially, low-birthweight babies and babies
with developmental problems. Nicotine depresses the
appetite at a time when a woman should be gaining
weight, and smoking reduces the ability of the lungs to
absorb oxygen. Deprived of nourishment and oxygen, a
fetus may not grow and as much as it should.
 Understanding what is involved in recovery

• You cannot force someone you love to stop abusing

drugs.
• Don’t expect your loved one to be able to quit
without support.
• Recovery will be an ongoing process.
Thank you!