9 Face
9 Face
9 Face
Dr. Singh & Dr. Von Hagens D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05
Superior Ophthalmic Vein (in the orbit) = upper eyelid, forehead, scalp
Pterygoid Plexus (in the infratemporal region) = lower eyelid, lateral nose, upper lip
Facial Vein
• Angular = formed by the union of the Supraorbital + Supratrochlear veins
- one branch goes into the orbit to communicate w/ Superior Ophthalmic Vein
- one branch remains superficial and continues inferiorly as the Facial Vein
• Deep Facial = communicates w/ Pterygoid Plexus in the Infratemporal region
• Nasal = communicates w/ Infraorbital Vein
• Superior Labial = communicates w/ Infraorbital Vein
• Inferior Labial = communicates w/ Mental Vein
Anterior Retromandibular + Facial Vein = Common Facial Vein Internal Jugular Vein
• Deep Facial Vein ↔ [Pterygoid Plexus] ↔ Cavernous Sinus Compiled for you by:
LIPS Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
• nasolabial groove, labiomental groove D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05
• philtrum of the upper lip columella of the nose
• orbicularis oris muscle
• vermillion border
• labial mucous glands
• mucolabial fold
• labial frenula
♦ blood supply
- upper lip = Superior Labial branches of Facial artery; Infraorbital artery
- lower lip = Inferior Labial branches of Facial artery; Mental artery
♦ sensory innervation
- upper lip = Superior Labial branch of Infraorbital nerve (V2)
- lower lip = Inferior Labial branch of Mental nerve (V3)
○ Clinical Considerations…
• labial frenectomy = excessively large frenula may cause central diastemmas / gingival recession
• angular cheilosis = may be caused by vitamin-B deficiency or candidiasis infection (perleche)
• herpes labialis = vesicular blisters at vermillion border caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (lays dormant Trigeminal Ganglion)
• mucocoele = a mucous gland w/ a blocked secretory duct bluish color
• squamous cell carcinoma = ulcerated lesions that don’t heal in 2 weeks should be suspected & further investigated
CHEEKS
• buccinator muscle
• buccal sucking fat pad
• buccal mucous glands
• mucobuccal fold
• buccal frenula
nd
• parotid duct opens thru the buccal mucosa at Mx 2 molar region
♦ blood supply = Buccal branch of Maxillary artery
♦ sensory innervation = Long Buccal branch of V3
NOSE
• nasal bones
• midline septum (hyaline cartilage)
• lateral cartilage
• alar cartilage
• dilator nares muscle = flares the nostrils
• compressor nares muscle = flattens the nostrils
♦ blood supply
- Dorsal Nasal branch of Ophthalmic artery
- External Nasal branch of Anterior Ethmoidal artery
- Nasal branch of Infraorbital artery from the Maxillary artery
- Nasal branch of Facial artery
♦ sensory innervation
- External Nasal nerve of V1’s Nasociliary branch
- Infratrochlear nerve of V1’s Nasociliary branch
- Nasal branches of V2’s Infraorbital branch
EXTERNAL EAR
• auricle = skin is tightly bound directly to elastic cartilage
• earlobe = fibroareloar CT, but no cartilage
• superior, anterior, posterior auricular muscles
• ceruminous (wax) glands
♦ blood supply
- branches of Superficial Temporal artery (from External Carotid)
- branches of Posterior Auricular artery (from External Carotid)
♦ sensory innervation
- Auriculotemporal nerve of V3
- Great Auricular nerve from APR of C2, C3
- Lesser Occipital nerve from APR of C2, C3
Compiled for you by:
EYELIDS Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
• superior palpebral margin = covers the superior 1/5 of the iris when the lids are open D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05
• inferior palpebral margin = covers the inferior part of the iris when the lids are open
• palpebral commissures = the lateral and medial jxns of the upper and lower lids
• palpebral fissure = the opening between the upper and lower lids
• eyelashes (cilia) w/ sebaceous ciliary glands (Glands of Zeis) -- “STYLE” = infected ciliary glands
• superior + inferior papillae = small raised bumps at the jxn of the ciliated and hairless margins
• punctum = the openings of the papillae that soaks up excess tears
• conjunctivum = the skin of the inner lining of the lids that reflects up on to the anterior surface of the eyeball as simple cuboidal EP
• conjunctival sac = the vestibule where tears accumulate
• lacus lacrimalis w/ caruncle = the small raised red triangular part of the medial angle
• plica semilunaris = the fold at the medial angle of the eye that separates the white sclera from the red lacus lacrimalis
• orbicularis oculi muscle (motor innervation by Facial VII)
• levator palpebrae superioris (motor innervation by Oculomotor III)
♦ blood supply = arteries that accompany the sensory nerves
♦ sensory nerve supply = from branches of Ophthalmic V1…
- Supraorbital
- Supratrochlear
- Infratrochelar
- Lacrimal
SCALP
- extends from the supraorbital margin anteriorly, to the superior nuchal line posteriorly, to the temporal fossa laterally
- layers (mnemonic: S-C-A-L-P)
• skin = has lots of hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
• connective tissue (dense)
• aponeurosis (aka: “galea aponeurotica”)
• loose connective tissue (areolar)
• periosteum
♦ blood supply
• anterior to the ears • posterior to the ears
- supraorbital - posterior auricular
- supratrochlear - occipital
- zygomaticotemporal
- superficial temporal
♦ sensory innervation
• anterior to the ears • posterior to the ears
- supraorbital (V1) - lesser occipital (APR of C2, C3)
- supratrochlear (V1) - great occipital (PPR of C2)
- zygomaticotemporal (V2) - third occipital (PPR of C3)
- auriculotemporal (V3)
Occipitalis occipital region pulls the scalp back superior nuchal line aponeurosis of scalp C
Frontalis frontal region raises the eyebrows aponeurosis of scalp forehead skin T
Corrugator Supercilii inner eyebrow furrows the eyebrows medial supraorbital margin eyebrow skin T
Procerus nasoglabella region wrinkles the nose bridge nasal bone and cartilage glabella skin T, Z
Orbicularis Oris encircles the mouth puckers the lips, closes the mouth other muscles that converge here skin of the lips Z, B, M
Levator Labii Superioris angle of the mouth (highest) pulls up the upper lip in a stink infraorbital margin orbicularis oris Z, B
Levator Anguli Oris angle of the mouth (deep) pulls angles upward to smile mx canine fossa orbicularis oris Z, B
Zygomaticus Minor angle of the mouth (middle) pulls angles up and laterally to laugh zygomatic bone orbicularis oris Z, B
Zygomaticus Major angle of the mouth (lower) pulls angles up and laterally to laugh zygomatic bone orbicularis oris Z, B
Risorius angle of the mouth (lowest) pulls angles laterally to grin platysma, masseter & parotid fascia orbicularis oris Z, B
pterygomandibular raphe,
Buccinator deep to the Risorius blowing; removing vestibular food orbicularis oris B
Mx & Md alveolar processes
Depressor Anguli Oris lateral chin pulls angles downward to frown md external oblique ridge orbicularis oris M
Depressor Labii Inferioris medial chin pulls down the lower lip in a pout md external oblique ridge orbicularis oris M
Mentalis medial chin wrinkles the chin md incisive fossa chin skin M
Platysma anterior & lateral neck tenses the neck pectoral & deltoid fascia inferior border of md, risorius C
Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05