ART APPRECIATION John Dewey: Art is an attitude of spirit, a state of mind -

one which demands for its own satisfaction and

fulfilling, a shaping matter to new and more significant
The Origin and Meaning of form.
Humanities Panizo and Rustia: Art is the skillful arrangement or
composition of some common but significant qualities
HUMANITIES of nature such as colors, sounds, lines, movements,
words, stones, wood, etc., to express human feelings,
- Originated from the Renaissance Latin expression emotions, or thoughts in a perfect, meaningful, and
studia humanitatis enjoyable way.
or study of humanitas which refers to Georgia O'Keeffe: Art is not what you see but what you
make others see
"culture, refinement, education” Pablo Picasso: Art is a life that helps us to realize the
truth
- Humanities are academic disciplines that deal Amy Lowell: Art is the desire of a man to express
on the various aspects of society and the noble himself, to record the action of his personality in the
in man world he lives in.
- Bring out the best and worthiness of man as a Leornardo da Vinci: Art is never finished, only
person abandoned
- The studia humanitatis became a secular study Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy: Art is not a handicraft, it is the
in the universities at the time.(Renaissance, 15 th transmission of feeling, the artist has experienced.
century) Aristotle: Art is the realization in external form of a true
idea and is traced back to that natural love of imitation
- Humanities Course: grammar, rhetoric, poetry,
which characterizes human.
history, and moral philosophy, latin and greek
Lisa Morder: Art is the conscious creation of something
classics. beautiful or meaningful using skill and imagination.
- Humanities Today: literature, language, Frank Lloyd Wright: Art is the discovery and
philosophy, geography, history, religion, music, development of elementary principles of nature into
and art beautiful forms suitable for human use.
Edgar Degas: Art is not what you see but what you make
Meaning and Importance of Art others see

- Art is a subject under humanities FOUR (4) COMMON ESSENTIALS OF ART

- No universal definition of art since art is
subjective 1. Art is man-made, not God-made
- different authors and writers define art in 2. Art is creative, not imitative
various ways as they perceive it
3. Art benefits and satisfies man -artistic principles,
Some of the definitions of art given by various authors taste, and skill when he uses art in practical life through
and writers:
4. Art is expressed through a certain medium or material
J.V. Estolas: Art is derived from the Latin word "ars," by which the artist communicates himself to his fellows.
meaning ability or skill
A. Tan: Art is taken from the Italian word "artis" which Art has a particular importance in our lives. Here are
means craftmanship, skill, mastery of form, the reasons why art is important:
inventiveness, and the associations that exists between
form and ideas, between material and technique. 1. Art highlights and heightens the importance of
F. Zulueta: Art is a product of man's need to express certain events
himself 2. Art enables us to get a glimpse of the thoughts,
C. Sanchez: Art is concerned itself with the feelings, and beliefs of the people in their time
communication of certain ideas and feelings by means and the faces in their environment that
of sensuous medium, color, sound, bronze, marble, influenced the
words and film
Swara Swami (May 31, 2016)
 1. Art enables us to value and appreciate Minor Arts: ceramics, furniture, and other decorative
beautiful things. arts.
2. Arts improve your creativity skills. As a term, art history encompasses the different
3. Arts give you joy and satisfaction methods of studying visual art.
4. Arts relieve stress.
Art history is not similar to art criticism. Art criticism
5. Arts give you the opportunity to showcase
determines the relative artistic values of an individual
your talent.
work in comparison with others.
The Importance of Art to Students
Methods Used in Art History
Through participation in arts - music, dance, drama.
Two Approaches in Creating Art: Two-dimensional and
media arts, and the visual arts-
Three-dimensional picture planes.
1. develop their creativity
REPRESENTATIONAL ART:
2. learn about their identity - If the artist copy or imitate an object or image
3. self-awareness found in nature.
4. develop self-confidence Impressionism as an example of representation
Through intense involvement in artistic activities – style is produced when the artwork was not
directly imitative but an impression of nature.
1. experience a sense of wonder and joy
2. can be motivated to participate more fully in NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART:
cultural life - the artist creates an art in a realistic manner
3. students are able to gain educational (not imitation) rely on symbolism or striving to
opportunities capture nature's essence, the art is which is also
called abstract art
Meaning and Importance of Art Appreciation - Expressionism, the work of art is not
representational but the expression of the
- Art appreciation is important to students. It
artist's feelings, longings, aspirations, and ideals
develops their visual thinking and analytical
of beauty and form.
skills where they are able to observe closely and
describe what they see around them in detail, Purpose of Art History
so as to provide evidence for their observations. - the purpose of art history is to contextualize art,
Small efforts done by the students such as these facilitate informed evaluation, and reveal the
can lead to a greater appreciation of art. profound connections between art and its
Famous personalities say something about art historical backdrop.
appreciation.
Assumptions of Art
1. Barbara Ernst Prey, artist and member of the
National Council in the Arts "Studying the arts in college ART IS UNIVERSAL
prepares the person for a lifetime of pleasure and In every country of the world, art exist because it is
appreciation”- important to people's in any culture. In fact, man
2. Cornell University President David Skorton "Our learned to draw before he could even start to talk lives.
nation's future may depend on our creativity” Art has been created by all people of the world at all
times; it has lived because it is liked and enjoyed.
3. Archeologist Nicholas Conrad "Art can serve as a
symbol for something that is tangible " ART IS CULTURAL

ART HISTORY Art contributes to the understanding of past and

the historical development and stylistic context of the present cultures. Through art, people learn about their
objects of arts that includes the major and minor arts. culture's values and strengthen their culture's identity
Major Arts: painting, sculpture, and architecture
ART IS NOT NATURE
Art is not nature because it is man-made. Nature, such Political Function - Art reinforces and enhances a sense
as the mountains, the volcano, lakes, rivers, land terrain of identity and ideological connection to specific
are made by God and not by man. Thus, art, and not political views, political parties and politicians.
nature, is made by man by all times.
Educational Function - illustrate knowledge and
ART IS AN EXPRESSION OF THE MIND attitudes that are not expressed in words.

According to Jeff Lee (2016), The egoic mind (conscious Spiritual Function - express spiritual beliefs, customs,
mind) and the echoic mind (unconscious mind) together ceremonies, and rituals about the meaning and destiny
making up the totality of thinking. Right-brained of life.
individuals are may be more creative
Philosophy of Art
ART IS A FORM OF CREATIVITY
Philosophy of art refers to the study of the nature of
Art is a product of the imagination that entertains, arts, its concept, interpretation, representation,
pleases and inspire people. The various artworks of expression and form. Philosophy of art is closely related
artists reflect the artist's power of creativity. to aesthetics, which is the study of beauty and taste.

The artists strange shape and different kinds of links and There are five (5) philosophical perspectives of art.
colors. These are:

we can say that art is creative, not imitative; artworks 1. Art as Mimesis
are produced by human creative skill and imagination.
- The word mimesis is a Greek word which means
ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE "imitation" or "copying", also mean
“representation”. The philosophers Plato and
When a work is finished in a satisfactory manner, an
Aristotle spoke of mimesis as the
experience occurs. Fulfillment and consummation of an
representation of nature.
act conclude the experience.
- Plato believed that all artistic creation is a
Some of them use expressionism to communicate mimesis. It exists in the "world of ideas" and is
strong and intense feelings. created by God. All artists are imitators of
nature.
The Functions of Art - Aristotle speaks of tragedy as an "imitation of
an action"
Every art form has a definite function, since it satisfies a
particular need. To the layman, art may have little 2. Art as Representation (Aristotle)
function. Some find meaning in art in its ability to serve - Art represents something. When an artist is
the purpose for which it was designed. using art as a representation of such signs and
The Seven Functions of Art symbols. It is through representation that
people organize the world and reality through
Aesthetic Function- to show beauty. A purpose or the act of naming its elements..
message to the audience and the appreciation of its
beauty. 3. Art for Art's Sake (Kant)

Utilitarian Function - prioritizes belief that contains - It was Victor Cousin, a French philosopher who
morally good action to everyone. translated this slogan"Tartpour l'art". which
means which reflects the belief of aestheticism
Cultural Function - transmits and preserves skills and that art requires no justification and should not
knowledge from one generation to another. serve political or didactic purposes. Kant
Social Function - man learns to love and help each emphasized the concept of Taste, which is
other. concerned with individual or personal aesthetic
preferences. Kant noted that aesthetic
 judgment is disinterested, meaning it is not etc.
influenced by personal bias. 2. Non-Representational or Non-Objective Arts

There are artworks that have no resemblance to any

real subject. they do not represent anything and they
are what they are

4. Art as an Escape
Mediums in Various Forms of Art
- According to Allen Weinstein, without mental Mediums of Visual Arts
escape, we build up a lot of anxiety within
Medium which comes from the Latin word “medium”
ourselves. The only way to take out such
means “by which an artist communicates his idea”.
tension is through painting, dancing, music, and
These are the materials which are used by an artist to
other art forms. They are a cathartic (the
interpret his feelings or thoughts. Thus, medium is very
process of emotional or psychological
essential in arts.
purification and release) solutions to one's
anxiety and life's difficulties. On the basis of medium, the arts are primarily classified
as visual and auditory.
5. Art as Functional
VISUAL ARTS
- The artist intent in creating a functional piece of
art is to bring creativity, beauty, and usefulness Those mediums can be seen and which occupy space.
into people's everyday lives. These are grouped into two classes: (1) the dimensional
or two-dimensional arts
Subjects of Art
Visual arts are those arts that can be perceived with our
Meaning of Subject of Art eyes. The most common visual arts are painting,
sculpture, and architecture. Their mediums are
In any art from - painting, music, sculpture, architecture,
discussed as follows
or dance - there are always a subject that serves as the
foundation of the creation of the artwork. It is varied- Painting
may be a person, object, scene, or event.
- the art of creating meaningful effects on a flat
Sources of Subjects surface
- Use of pigments. Different mediums are used in
Subjects of art may be found in primary sources such
painting. Capable of varied treatment and
as:
determines its own stroke. These mediums are
Documents, Artwork, Autobiographies, Nature, Film of applied to wet plaster, canvas, wood, or paper.
the Artist, History, Mythology, Interviews, Diaries,
Watercolor
Speeches, Letters, Photographs, etc.
- Difficult to handle because producing warm and
Where to Find the Primary Sources:
rich tones using this medium proves to be a
Archives, Catalogues, Exhibits, Notebooks, etc. challenge. On the contrary, watercolor
pigments invite brilliance and a variety of hues.
TYPES OF SUBJECT
Fresco
1. Representational or Objective Arts
- A moist plaster surface with colors ground in
When looking at a traditional painting or a statue, one
water or a limewater mixture.
expects to recognize the subject- a man, animals, a
landscape, a waterfall, figures, dreams, fantasies, Tempera
seascape, still life,
 - Mineral pigments mixed with egg yolk or egg Drawing is usually done on paper using pencil, pen, and
white and ore. This egg-based emulsion binds ink, or charcoal.
the pigments to the surface
Pencil, Pen and Ink, and Charcoal
- Done on wooden panel made very smooth with
plaster called "gesso" (chalk and gum). Drawing can be done with different kinds of mediums,.
Pencil leads (graphite) are graded in different degrees of
hardness or softness.

Charcoal is a carbonaceous material obtained by

Pastel heating wood It is used in representing broad masses of
light and shadow.
- A stick of dried paste made of pigment ground
with chalk compounded with gum water. Granite

Encaustic - Granite is a granular igneous rock composed of

feldspar and quartz, usually combined with
- Used by the Egyptians for painting portraits on
other minerals.
mummy cases. This is done by applying wax
- The Egyptian sculptures of Pharaohs were
colors fixed with heat.
mostly done in granite.
Oil - Marble is limestone in a more or less crystalline
state.
- Oil painting is one of the most expensive art - Sandstone is relatively soft, making it easy to
activities today because of the prohibitive cost work on.
of materials. It is the heaviest of painting - Basalt is hard and black.
mediums. - Limestone has a fine and even textureJade
Acrylic Jade
- Acrylic is a medium used popularly by - A fine stone, usually colored green, and used
contemporary painters because of the widely in Ancient China.
transparency and quick-drying characteristics of - An ornamental stone for carving and fashion
watercolor and the flexibility of oil combined. jewelry.
Mosaic - Virtues: faithfulness, wisdom, and charity.

- Mosaic is the art of putting together small Ivory

pieces of colored stones or glass called Comes from the main parts of tusks of elephants, is the
"tesserae" to create an image. hard-white substance used to make carvings and billiard
- Mosaic art is an important feature of Byzantine balls.
churches. A prominent religious artwork in
Manila done in mosaic is found in the altar of Metals
Sta. Cruz Church.
- Gold, Silver, or Copper
Stained Glass - Bronze is one of the oldest alloy of metals
composed chiefly of tin with color.
Made by combining small pieces of colored glass, held - Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, is not
together by bands of lead. It is also a kind of patchwork. popularly used by contemporary artists because
Tapestry of its limitations as a medium.
- Gold and Silver are used as casting materials for
Tapestry is a fabric produced by hand-weaving colored small objects like medals, coins, etc.
threads upon a warp. To provide warmth.
Plaster
Drawing
Plaster is composed of lime, sand, and water.
Clay Wood as a medium is easier to carve than any other
mediums available because it can be subjected into a
Clay is a natural earthy material that is plastic when wet.
variety of treatment
Earthware, commonly referred to as terra cotta or
"baked earth", is cheap compared with stone or bronze. Architecture

Architecture is an art, its strictest meaning, it is the art

of designing a building and supervising its construction.

Materials used in architecture are classified into three:

Glass
(1) the material found in nature (direct product of
- A medium that is hard, brittle, non-crystalline, nature) (2) materials manufactured or made by man
more or less transparent substance (3) indigenous materials.
- Dissolved silica and silicates and contains soda
and lime. MATERIALS IN NATURE
- Make beautiful but fragile figurines.
These materials are direct products of nature given as
Bistre gift to man.

A brown pigment from the soot of wood, and often used 1. Stone
in pen and wash drawings. one of the oldest and perhaps the most
permanent building materials. It is used in most
Crayons of the great architectures of the world.
Crayons are pigments bound by wax and compressed a) Limestone - This type of stone has a
into painted sticks used for drawing. fine, even texture.
b) Granite - This is a coarse-grained stone
Silverpoint It is the hardest and the most durable of
the artist uses a silver stylus to produce a thin grayish on the types of stones
specially prepared paper. c) Marble - This is metamorphosed
limestone which is capable of taking a
Printmaking polish. There are two types of these
material: breciated marble=angular
A print is anything printed on a surface that is a direct
fragments and serpentine marble =
result from the duplication process. Usually done in
variegated patterns
black ink on white paper becomes the artist's plate.
d) Sandstone - It consists of various colors
Lithography from white to different tints of red,
brown, blue, or gray.
Involves the process in which grease repels water and
2. Wood
fatty substances stick to each other. The artist draws his
is not a permanent material but with proper
design using greasy crayon or pencil on a slab of then
care, it can last for a century.
fixed with an acid solution.
MEDIUMS OF AUDITORY ARTS
Sculpture
can be heard and which are expressed in time. The
the most important thing to consider is the material.
mediums of auditory arts are:
The materials available for sculpture are limitless.
- motion pictures, film, or movies
Stone
- theatre (a place for viewing)
Stone is the hard and brittle substance formed from - television or TV for short
mineral and earth material.
MEDIUMS OF COMBINED ARTS (MIXED MEDIA)
Wood
- doing a charcoal sketch before painting
- doing a pencil sketch before painting
 - combining watercolor with pastel in landscape 1. He must be well-versed in all types of art techniques
painting and development process.

2. Keep up to date on the art theory and art criticism

3. Knowledgeable in evaluating the quality and worth of

a piece of art

ART PRODUCTION PROCESS

ARTISTS AND ARTISANS
Art is concerned with the actual doing and how actions
Artists are the creators of an expression of creativity
can be achieved seeing the art as pure human
and imagination for purely aesthetic reasons.
expression.
Artisans (craftsman) are the makers of products not
Three (3) Parts of Art Production
only for aesthetic value but for practical value, such as
for business pusposes. 1. Pre-Planning/ Pre-Production

ART MANAGEMENT 2. Production

the process of running the daily business operation of 3. Post-Production

art institutions. Art institutions includes museums, art
Pre-Production is the process of fixing some of the
galleries, theatres, opera house, art and cultural centers,
elements in art
among others.
1. Finalize a Shooting Script
Art Manager
2. Storyboards and Shot Lists
. An art manager is responsible for overseeing and
coordinating artistic projects, including selecting and 3. Find the Right Crew
managing artists, budgets, and timelines, to ensure
successful and visually compelling outcomes. 4. Location Scouting

ROLE OF CURATORS IN THE ART WORLD 5. Create a Proper

Curators are involved in nearly all facets of a museum's 6. Choose Your Gear
functions. 7. Clear That Red Tape
His roles are: 8. Find the Right Cast
An art curator is responsible for acquiring, researching, 9. Rehearse
and organizing artworks for exhibitions. They play a vital
role in preserving and presenting art, providing context Production is the process of combining various material.
and interpretation for viewers, and contributing to the It is the act of creating output such as a good or service
development and enrichment of a collection. Post-Production is the process of the selection of an
ROLE OF DEALERS IN THE ART WORLD expert editor is the one who will go through all the
scripts and the scenes of the movie and decide which
bringing their work to public attention, can be shown to shots will be used to create a flow of the story correctly.
the art buying public in their art galleries, art fair, or
online. TECHNIQUE IN ARTS

ROLE OF ART COLLECTORS Artists differ from one another in technique even if they
use the same medium. The distinction between an art
must have good relationship with their artists. must get and a craft may be made on the basis of the technique
the trust and confidence of artists. Artists like to find used.
collectors that truly believe in their work of art.
Some techniques of Visual Art:
ROLE OF BUYER IN THE ART WORLD
 blowing etching artistic excellence in uniquely Filipino traditional
printing transfer design arts.
tinkering, splattering - These recognized artists have also successfully
stencil process passed on their skills to the present generation
relief painting in their communities, maintaining the same
level of competence.
- The award began in 1993 and was inspired by
the 1988 National Folk Artists Award organized
Some techniques in auditory arts
by the Rotary Club of Makati-Ayala.
sound as in music - The recipients of the National Living Treasures
speech Award contribute to the preservation and
signaling instruments appreciation of the Philippines' intangible
cultural heritage, reflecting the diverse heritage
COMBINED ART also known as mixed-media art, and cultural traditions of the nation.
involves the use of multiple art forms or materials
within a single artwork. HISTORY

Some techniques in combined arts - The National Living Treasures Award, known as
Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan, was established
Items attached to painting might include: in 1992 through Republic Act No. 7355.
photographic images - The National Commission for Culture and the
clothing Arts (NCCA), the highest authority for culture
newspaper clippings and the arts in the Philippines, is responsible for
implementing this award.
NEW TRENDS - The award aligns with UNESCO's criteria for
A trend is a change or development towards something recognizing Living National Treasures.
new or novel. To set a trend is to do something that CRITERIA
become accepted or fashionable so that a lot of other
people copy or follow. To be recognized as a National Living Treasure in the
Philippines, an individual must meet the following
The Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan qualifications:

(GAMABA) - They must belong to an indigenous or

traditional cultural community in the Philippines
National Artists that has preserved its customs, beliefs, rituals,
and traditions, or has integrated external
(The National Living Treasures) influences into its culture.
- They should have actively participated in a folk-
BACKGROUND OF THE AWARD art tradition that has a documented history of
at least 50 years.
- The National Living Treasures Award, also
- They must have consistently created or
known as Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
produced works of exceptional and unique
(GAMABA), was established in April 1992
quality over a significant period.
through Republic Act No. 7355.
- They should demonstrate a high level of
- The National Commission for Culture and the
mastery in using the tools and materials
Arts (NCCA) is responsible for administering and
relevant to their art, earning a well-established
implementing the award, which recognizes
reputation as a master in their craft, known for
outstanding traditional artists in the Philippines.
producing works of exceptional technical
- The award aims to honor individuals or groups
quality.
who have achieved a high level of technical and
 - They must have passed on, or have plans to Ambalang Ausalin, master weaver, Lamitan, Basilan,
pass on, their skills and knowledge in the folk Weaving (Yakan tennun), 2016
art to other members of their community,
Estelita Tumandan Bantilan, master weaver, Malapatan,
ensuring the preservation and continuation of
Sarangani, Weaving (B'laan igem), 2016
their cultural heritage.
Yabing Masalon Dulo, master weaver, Polomolok, South
Cotabato, Weaving (Ikat), 2016

Current Nominees

Whang-od, tattoo artist, Tinglayan, Kalinga, Tattooing

(Batek/Batok), nominated October 21, 2017

RECIPIENTS AND NOMINEES (Source: Internet, Posted on May 4, 2015)

Recipients

Ginaw Bilog (d. 2003), artist and poet, Mansalay,

Oriental Mindoro Poetry (Ambahan), 1993

Masino Intaray (d. 2013), musician and epic chanter,

Brookes Point, Palawan, Poetry (Kulilal and Bagit) Music
(Basal / Gong), 1993

Samaon Sulaiman (d. 2011), Musician, Mama sa Pano,

Maguindanao Music (Kutyapi), 1993

Lang Dulay, (d. 2015) textile weaver, Lake Sebu, South

Cotabato, Weaving (Tnalak), 1998

Salinta Monon (d. 2009), weaver, Bansalan, Davao del

Sur, Weaving (Abaca - ikat / Inabal), 1998

Alonzo Saclag, musician and dancer, Lubugan, Kalinga

Province, Music and Dance (Kalinga), 2000

Frederico Caballero, epic chanter, Sulod- Bukidnon,

Iloilo, Poetry / Epic Chant (Sugidanon), 2000

Uwang Ahadas, musician, Lamitan, Basilan, music (Yakan

specifically Kulintang, kwitangan kayu, gabbang, agung,
and tuntungan), 2000

Darhata Sawabi, (d. 2005), weaver, Parang, Sulu,

weaving (Pis Syabit), 2004

Eduardo Mutuc, metalsmith/metal sculptor, Apalit,

Pampanga, Metalwork (Bronze and Silver), 2004

Haja Amina Appi (d. 2013), weaver, Tandubas, Tawi-

Tawi, Weaving (Mat), 2004

Teofilo Garcia, casque maker, San Quintin, Abra, Casque

Making (Tabungaw), 2012

Magdalena Gamayo, master weaver, Pinili, Ilocos Norte,

Weaving (Inabel) 2012