EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGIES

CHAPTER 1

ICT- Information and Communications Technology

-It refers to all technology that is used to handle telecommunication and access information.

-It includes the use of computers, radio, television, cellular or mobile phones and so on.

-It has also widened its horizons in developing new tools or emerging technologies.

- Modern definitions describe ICT as the ‘convergence of several technology.

WWW

- WORLD WIDE WEB

- W3 or the Web
- Interconnected system, “ information system” used by the public
- Invented by Sir Tim Berner’s -Lee
- Can use and receive

WEB PAGES

-Home page, profile

-Can be either static and dynamic

WEB SITES

-URL (UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR)

Example:

http://www.example.com/index_0145

STATIC WEBSITES

 Aka WEB 1.0

 Not interactive
 Cant post, comment or create an account
 Read only websites
 More on text

EX. WWW.9boninnes.co.za

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DYNAMIC WEBSITES

 AKA Web 2.0

 2nd stage of WWW
 Present generation
 Collaboration information online
 The content of the website changes.
 Interactive – read- write webs.

EX.

 E-Commerce
 Social Media
 Video and Photo Galleries

FEATURES OF WEB 2.0

1. Folksonomy
 Allows users to categorize and classify / arrange information using freely chosen keywords such
as, hashtag(#)
2. Rich user experience
 Responsive to users input

EX.

 Social media accounts, once you are log in, you can already use your account to modify what you
see in the website.
3. User Participation
 The owner of the website is not the only one who is able to put content.
 Other can place a content.
4. Software as a service
 Users can subscribe to a software only when needed rather than purchasing them.
 You can purchase it for a one-time huge amount.
5. Mass Participation
 Diverse information sharing through universal web access.

WEB 3.0

 It does human task

 AKA Semantic Web
 Ability of Web Technologies to understand and interpret.

EX.

 Apple’s Siri

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Mobile Devices can communicate/ Communication Technologies.

 Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)- a type of wireless local area network technology.

 Bluetooth- uses packet-based transmission over short range radio signals
 3G,4G, GSM global system for mobile communications. GPRS generated packet radio service.
 Data Services- data networking services for mobile phones
 Virtual Private Networks VPN- secure access to a private network

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

1. Artificial Intelligence- act like humans

2. Robotics-creating devices that can move and react to sensory input
3. Biometrics- used to measure and analyze human body characteristics.
4. Quantum Cryptography- science of encoding and decoding information or messages which
depends on physics, not math. It is used for information privacy and security,
5. Computer Assisted Translation (CAT)- to assist translation of one or more natural languages into
another or others, and vice versa.
6. 3D Imaging and Holography- uses light to project objects in a way that appears three-
dimensional.
7. Virtual Reality- computer-generated environment that can be explored and interacted with by a
person.

ONLINE SYSTEMS: FUNCTIONS AND PLATFORMS

Internet- public network

Intranet- private network

Platforms

-defined as a group of technologies that are used as a base upon which other applications, processes, or
technologies that are developed.

COMMON ONLINE PLATFORMS

1. Social Media Platform- it provides solutions to creating social media websites.

2. E-commerce Platform- allows merchants to create a storefront in the internet
3. Online Learning Platform- an incorporated set of interactive online services that provides the
teachers, learners and parents.
4. Online Video Platform- providing end-to-end tools used to create, customize, publish, and
manage videos online.

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ONLINE SAFETY AND SECURITY, ETHICS AND NETIQUETTE

WWW-World Wide Web

Common Issues and Crimes on the Internet:

 Cyberbullying
 Hacking
 Identity Theft
 Plagiarism
 Intellectual Property Rights and Copy Issues

ONLINE ETHICS AND NETIQUETTE

Online Ethics- focuses on the acceptable use of online resources in an online environment.

Netiquette- focuses on the acceptable behavior of the person while using the internet resource.

NETIQUETTE- combination of the words “net” (from the internet) and “etiquette” netiquette.

ONLINE SEARCH AND RESEARCH SKILLS

1. Choose your web browser based on the best search engine for you.
2. Use punctuation and Boolean Operators (AND, OR, NOT)
3. Filter results by setting the range of time it was searched
4. Use truncations (*,!, ?, and $)
5. Limit your search specifics
6. Use quotation marks for specific phrases.

IMPROVE YOUR RESEARCH SKILLS ONLINE

1. Know your sources

2. Use your web browser properly.
3. Organize your bookmarks.
4. Learn to use advanced search techniques
5. Follow the web

E-commerce advantages to organizations, to consumers and to society:

1. It allows expansion of market and competition.

2. It provides more choices for customers
3. It enables easy access to products to rural areas

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CHAPTER 2

PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS

-Productivity tools can be a freeware or shareware.

FREEWARE
 Copyrighted, which can be used for free and unlimited time.

SHAREWARE

 Commercial software that is copyrighted, which can be copied for trial but needs to be
purchased for continued use.

WORD- it offers a set of tools that is advanced compared to its previous versions.

PowerPoint-allows you to create slide show presentations wherein you can format the text and images,
adding also animations and other multimedia components interactively.

Excel- used to simulate a paper worksheet.

ADVANCED TECHNIQUES USING MICROSOFT WORD: HYPERLINKS

HYPERLINK

-a link that will direct you to another page or part of the same document.

-can be a word, phrase, symbol, image.

MAIL MERGE

-useful tool that allows you to quickly produce and send information, newsletter, resumes, or brochures
to many people.

ANIMATIONS AND HYPERLINKS

Adding a slide animation

-moving computer graphic effect that can be added to the text, object, or the entire slide itself.

Adding a slide transition

-control how your presentation moves from slide to slide.

Adding hyperlinks within the document

-hyperlink allows you to go other slides in the same presentation

Adding Action Button

-allows you to play sounds , animate or run a program.

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FORMULAS AND ACTIONS

Microsoft Excel

-used formulas to calculate values.

-excel formula always begin with an equal (=) sign.

-aside from formula, excel offers predefined operations called FUNCTIONS.

COMMON EXCEL FUNCTIONS:

 SUM-calculates the sum of the values of range of cells.

 AVERAGE- calculates the arithmetic mean of a range of cells.
 MAX- gives the maximum value in range of cells
 COUNT-counts the number of cells in a range of cells.

Different Android Apps used as productivity tools:

1. Google Apps
2. Evernote
3. Pocket

Benefits Online Software

 Convenience
-easy to use ensure everyone can use them without spending a lot of time learning how.
 Scalability
-how much your business grows
 Safety
-all the applications should be safe to use with all existing systems.
 Sustainability
-operating systems

SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS
-people behind computer

Types of software developers:

Applications Developers- create computer applications mainly for consumers like word,
processor, and games.

System Software Developers- create the systems that control how computers should function
properly.

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 CHAPTER 3

PRINCIPLES OF GRAPHICS DESIGN

Principles
- followed to standardize image creation and manipulation using any graphic software.
-it will create you to create layouts and design web pages compliant with the protocols.

1. Balance- describes the placement of elements of equal weight on the page.

THREE TYPES OF BALANCE
 Symmetrical
 Asymmetrical
 Radial
2. Movement- the flow of elements on the page
3. Unity- sense oneness of the elements that creates a balance and harmony
4. Repetition- describes the consistent and balanced repetition of a design or value.
5. Proximity-describes the organization and relationship of elements included the design
6. Contrast- combination of opposing characteristics.
7. Whitespace- negative space or large margins that allow your design to breathe within the
elements.

INFOGRAPHIC

-also known as data visualization

-makes data easily understood at glance and quickly communicates a message especially to simplify the
presentation of large amounts data.

-easily compare data patterns and relationships

Guidelines on how to create infographic:

 Thesis/History-the main idea must be clear

 Data-must be well organized and supports the main idea
 Simplicity- must able to attract readers. Must be able to create your own palette.
 Sources- must cite your sources to give credibility to your data.
 Branding/Shareability- infographic must be creative and innovative.

IMAGE FILE FORMATS

JPEG
-JOINT PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPERTS GROUP
-most popular image format used on the web.
-very lossy
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GIF
-GRAPHICS INTERCHANGE FORMAT
-format is limited to the 8-bit palette with only 256 colors.
-was popularized in the 1980’s.

BMP
-Bitmap
-Device Independent Bitmap (DIB)
-uncompressed file and made up of million dots called “pixels” with different colors and images
-does not scale well because it is too big.

TIFF
-Tagged Image File Format
-file format created originally by Aldus Corporation for desktop publishing.
-highly-quality image format.

PNG
-Portable Network Graphic
-image format developed by a group graphic software developer as a nonproprietary
alternative to the GIF format.

PRINCIPLES AND BASIC TECHNIQUES OF IMAGE MANIPULATION

1. Cropping- process of removing unwanted parts of the image. ‘

2. Color Balance- allow you to make changes in the mixture of colors in an image.
3. Adjusting the Brightness and Contrast- adjusting the image tone (highlights, shadows, and
midtones)
4. Compression and Resizing- images to be uploaded on the web must be of the standard
resolution of 72 dpi (dots per inch) to maintain its image file size.
5. Color Blending- can combine colors and commands that will give you a more dynamic image
result.
6. Combining Multiple Images- compositions must be planned and conceptualized

ONLINE GRAPHICS SOFTWARE

1. PICASA- Google’s free desktop image editing program. Can be downloaded and
help you manage your photos and upload them to an online album.
2. FOTOR- multiplatform photo editing website. It offers wide range of effects and
tools for editing images.
3. PIXLR-multiplatform image editing program. -you can choose between the
editor and editing images. -almost like photoshop.

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 IMAGE EDITING SUITE CAM BE DOWNLOADED FOR FREE:
 PhotoScape
 Serif Photo Plus Starter Edition
 GIMP
 Paint. Net

IMAGE HOSTING SITES

Images

-can be shared online though different web hosting sites that are free.

1. IMGUR- image hosting site wherein you can upload images from your computer
2. FLICKR- image social networking site. You can save and manage your photos for
it offers a 1 TB storage capacity in your account.
3. SLICKPIC- an online image hosting service that also allows you to upload
4. ZENFOLIO- online image hosting site that does not only allow you to upload
image. Let you create an online image website for your images.

3D GRAPHICS AND PAINTING

-Images that appear on screen like a computer is said to be two-dimensional since it has length and
width.

NATURE AND PURPOSES OF ONLINE PLATFORMS

PLAFORM

 Techopedia defines ‘platform’ in computing as the operating system and computer hardware.

MARC ANDREESSEN

 On his blog, a platform is a ‘ system that can be programmed and therefore customized by
outside developers , users.

ONLINE PLATFORMS

 Useful ICT tools of today that can help in developing meaningful and relevant contents.

THE FIRST WEBSITE

 Wide Web was created by Tim Berners – Lee.

 Computer scientist at European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva.

WEB DESIGN PRINCIPLES

 According to Cleverism , Web design is a concept of planning, creating, and maintaining websites.
 Designing for Web publication equates to communication.
1. VISUAL HIERARCHY
 In order in which human eye perceives what it sees. ( it is what we see)
 Ranked according to its importance and your objective.
 Use of varying sizes and amount of content.
2. PROPORTION
 Magical number approximately equal to 1.618 that makes all things proportioned so as to make a
design aesthetically pleasing.
*As the designer
 Keep in mind the proper division of the contents of your web page to avoid crowding the view.
3. HICK’S LAW
 Consider as a guideline for decision – making in a viewer’s perspective.
 ‘With every additional choice, the time required to make a decision increases’.
 Reduce some of the choices
4. FITTS’ LAW
 Time needed to move to a target is dependent upon the size of the target as well as the distance
to the target.
 The bigger the size of the object the better
 Not time consuming
5. ACCESSIBILITY
 He/she must be able to access each bit of information in the easiest manner.
6. VISIBLE LANGUAGE
 Web page design should communicate with the users clearly and in an engaging manner.
 Clear and attract
7. WHITE SPACE AND SIMPLE DESIGN
 The simpler the better
 Distinct parts or areas that make it simpler for the users to process information.
 GRID – BASED LAYOUT
 Content of this layout is divided into columns, boxes, and different sections.
 F- pattern design
 In a way that complements the natural reading behavior of the visitors like the F- pattern.
 Conventional design
 Usual, common design
 Conservative designs still work well as far as visitor response or likeability is concerned.
8. REGULAR TESTING
 Keep learning
 Web design principle that all designers and website owners must consider.
 Test Early and Test Often (TETO)

WEB PAGES DESIGN; USING TEMPLATES AND ONLINE WYSIWYG PLATFORMS

 Web template is a ready- made design for your website including images, some navigation,
preferably several sample pages.

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 ADVANTAGES OF USING TEMPLATES

1. You know how your finished site looks.

2. Faster turnaround
3. Templates are much cheaper than hiring a web developer
4. Look much better than sites developed in traditional HTML programming
5. Can be customized by anyone.

CLOUD COMPUTING AND MAPPING

-term used to save files over the internet.

MIND MAP

-a concept of using diagrams for representing task, words, concepts, or items linked to and arranged
around a central concept or subject.

 Mind Meister
-an online mind mapping tool that allows users to create, develop, and share ideas visually.
-does not need to download and update.

 Sibelius
-an online platform used for writing music.
-good for music compositions.

 Google Forms
-part of google drive
-used for creating surveys, tests, or web input forms.

Cloud Architect
-computer professional who is responsible for managing a company’s cloud computing strategy.

WEBSITE DEVELOPER

Web Designer
-develops and creates websites and associated applications

Web Designer
-creates the look, layout, features of a website.

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