MAKALAH

SIMPLE PAST TENSE, PAST PERFECT TENSE, PAST CONTINUOUS

TENSE, PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

DI SUSUN OLEH :
KELOMPOK 2 (TINGKAT 2B)

1. ARAFAH
2. ARI EGAR BRAMANTYO
3. DWI AYU ASTUTI
4. ERNAWATI
5. FADJRI SURYADI
6. MAULIDA
7. MILA YUSIANA SARI
8. PUTRI ALYA SALSABELA
9. RAHMI FATIMAH SARI
10. WAYAN DANI KARINA
11. WULAN RAMADHANINGRUM

DOSEN PENGAJAR :

POLITEKNIK KESDAM VI BANJARMASIN

PRODI D-III KEPERAWATAN
TAHUN 2023
 FOREWORD

Let us offer praise and gratitude to Allah SWT. May prayers and greetings be bestowed
upon the natural lord, Prophet Muhammad SAW, with all the gifts and favors that
Allah SWT has given. grant that we can complete this paper well. With hard work and
full of gratitude, we have completed the assignment to fulfill the English course in the
theme/title Tenses

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to Mr. Ahmad Wildoni S.Pd M.Pd as a
lecturer in the English course who has guided us until this paper has been completed.
We also do not forget the parties involved in making this paper so that we can complete
it. well

We are aware that in making this paper assignment there are still many shortcomings
and it is very far from perfect, we will use all the mistakes we make as lessons to be
better in the future. Hopefully this paper can be useful and well received, especially for
us in general, for all of us.

Banjarmasin, 13 september 2023

Penyusun
 LIST OF CONTENTS
PREFACE.......................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER I...................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................3
1.1. Background of the piper........................................................................................4
1.2. purpose of the paper..............................................................................................5
1.3 problem formulation..............................................................................................6
CHAPTER I.................................................................................................................7
THEORY AND DISCUSION....................................................................................8
2.1 SIMPLE PAST TENSE ................................................................................................9
2.2 PAST CONTINUOUS
TENSE.............................................................................................10
2.3 PAST PERFECT TENSE..............................................................11
2.4 PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE......................................................
CHAPTER IIL.............................................................................................12
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................13
3.1. Conclusion............................................................................................14
3.2. Suggest.............................................................................................15
BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................16
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.Background
English is the international language. By mastering English well, we will be able to
communicate with other nations in the world. Apart from that, we will also be able to increase our
insight and knowledge for the progress of our nation and country, because we will be able to read
English literature, listen to foreign radio broadcasts, and watch films, increasing our knowledge.
other. In this way, in the end we can master knowledge in all fields.
Tenses are important in English education. And it is also a rule in English. If someone wants
to master English well, then he must be able to master tenses well. Among other forms of tenses, in
this paper we explain the simple past tense.

2. Problem Formulation
1) What is meant by Simple past tense
2) What is meant by Past continuous tense
3) What is meant by Past perfect tense
4) What is maent by past perfect continuous tense

3. Goals
The aim of writing this paper is to be able to understand and apply tenses in daily
conversations or formal activities that use English as the main language.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

PAST TENSES
Past tense is a tense that expresses the 'past' form of a sentence. Past tenses are divided into 4,
namely:
1. Simple past tense
2. Past continuous tense
3. Past perfect tense
4. Past perfect continuous tense

Based on the use of the verb, tense sentences are divided into two forms, namely:
A. Nominal Form
A sentence in nominal form means a sentence form with a noun as the subject and without
using a verb as the predicate. Sentences like this require to be as a predicate. Example = She is
Beautiful (is = to be as a predicate)

B. Verbal Form
Sentences in verbal form use a verb (Verb) as a predicate. Example = They speak English
grammar (speak = verb as a predicate)
Below we will discuss the past tense (Simple past tense), (Past continuous tense), (Past Perfect Tens

1. Simple past tense

To show that a situational action occurred in the past and ended at a certain moment in the
past and the ending time is known.
FORMULA :
S + To Be (was/were) + ……..
S + Verb II + …….

Affirmative (+) : S + Verb II

Negative (-) : S + did not + Verb I
Interrogative (?) : Did + S + Verb I
 To form a sentence without (interrogative), add 'did' in front of the subject and the verb
returns to the first form. If the sentence contains words of the form (was/were) Could, Might, Must,
then only the auxiliary words are placed in front of the subject. If in the sentence there are auxiliary
words (was/were) Could, Might, Must, then after the auxiliary words add NOT (N'T)

Example :
(+)He worked in the bank for four years.
(-)He didn't work in the bank for four years.
(?) Did he work in the bank for four years?
(-?)Did he not work in the bank for four years?

(+)She waited in the bank for four hours

(-)She didn't wait in the bank for four hours
(?)Did she wait in the bank for four hours?
(-?)Did she not wait in the bank for four hours?

The time signature used in this form is:

• Yesterday: Yesterday
• Yesterday morning: Yesterday morning
• Last Monday: Last Monday
• An hour ago: An hour ago
• Two days ago: Two days ago
• The other day: A few days ago
• Every day last year: Every day last year
• Last night: Last night
• Last year: Last year
• The day before yesterday: Yesterday first
• A Few minutes ago: A few minutes ago

Simple Past Tense sentence formula

Simple Past Tense sentence formula that does not use verbs (Non VERB)
(+)Subject + be (was/were) + Non Verb + Object
(-)Subject + be (was/were) + NOT + Non Verb + Object
(?)be (was/were) + Subject + Non Verb + Object?
(-?)Question Word + be (was/were) + NOT+ Subject + Non Verb + Object?
Examples of Simple Past Tense Sentences that do not use verbs:
(+)She was sick yesterday
(-)She wasn't sick yesterday
(?)Was She sick yesterday?
(-?) Why wasn't she sick yesterday?
Simple Past Tense sentence formula that uses verbs (VERB II)
(+) Subject + Verb 2 + Object
(-) Subject + Didn't + Verb 2 + Object
(?) Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
(-?) Question Word + Did + Subject + Verb 1?
Examples of Simple Past Tense Sentences using verbs:
(+) She went to Bandung last week.
(-) She didn't go to Bandung last week.
(?) Did she go to Bandung last week
(-?) Why did she go to Bandung last week?

Simple Past Tense is used for:

1) States an event that occurred in the past.
For example: I did the homework yesterday.
2.) State a habit carried out in the past.
For example: He usually analyzes the scientific books.
3.) State the sequence of events or activities that occurred in the past.
For example: Finishing my work, I walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
4.) To state an event or occurrence that would have occurred in the past. For example: If you came to
my home what would you do?

2. Past Continuous Tense

To express an action or event that was taking place in the past when another event occurred.
FORMULA:
S + was/were + Verb I (ing) + ……
Affirmative (+) : S + be(was/were) + V1-ing/present participle
Negative (-) : S + be(was/were) + not + V1-ing/present participle
Interrogative (?) : be(was/were) + S + V1-ing/present participle?
To make an interrogative sentence, was/were is placed in front of the subject.
To make a negative sentence, add = NOT (N'T) after to be (was/were).

Example :
(+)I was reading book when father watched tv.
(-)I was not reading book when father watched tv.
(?)Was I reading book when father watched tv?
(-?)Was I not reading book when father watched tv?

(+)The team was running

(-)The team was not running

(?)Was the team running?

(-?)Was the team not running?

(+)I was writing letter when father read a magazine

(-)I wasn't writing a letter when my father read a magazine
(?)Was I writing letter when father read a magazine?
(-?)Was I not writing a letter when father read a magazine?
Use of Past Continuous Tense:
a. Used to express an event that has started and is still ongoing when another event occurred in
the past.
• When she came to my house, I was listening to the radio.
• I was reading when she met me.
• When he arrived at my house, I was listening to the radio.
• She was writing when he met me.

b. To express an action or event that occurred in the past.

• They were studying English all morning last Monday.
• Yudi was watching TV the whole night last Sunday.
• We were practicing dancing all morning last Monday.
• Andika was listening to the radio the whole night last Sunday.
Timestamps that are commonly used:
• When: When (followed by past tense)
• While: While (followed by past tense)
• As: When
• All day yesterday: All day yesterday
• The whole day last Sunday: All day last Sunday

3. Past Perfect Tense

To express an action that was completed in the past or to explain an event that occurred
earlier between the two events being discussed.
FORMULA :
S + Had + been +…
S + Had + Verb III + ….
Affirmative (+) : S + Had + Verb I
Negative (-) : S + had not + Verb III
Interrogative (?) : Had + S + Verb III
To form an interrogative sentence, Had is placed in front of the subject. To form a negative
sentence, after Had is added = NOT (N'T)
Example :
(+)They had gone when she called me.
(-) They had not gone when she called me.
(?)Had they gone when she called me?
(-?)Had they not gone when she called me?
(+)When my brother arrived, I had painted my motor cycle
(-)When my brother arrived, I hadn't painted my motor cycle
(?)Had I my motor cycle, when my brother arrived?
(-?)Had I not cycled my motorbike, when did my brother arrive?

(+)The ship had left before I arrived

(-)The ship hadn't left before I arrived
(?)Had the ship left before I arrived?
(-?)Had the ship not left before I arrived?

The time signals used include:

• Before : past perfect –before – past tense
• After : past tense – after – past perfect
• Until : past tense – until – past perfect
• As soon as : past tense – as soon as – past perfect

4. Past perfect continuous tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense is a form of time in English that is used to express actions
that have been going on continuously for a certain period of time in the past before another action or
event occurred. It combines the elements of Past Perfect (perfection in the past) and Continuous
(continuity).
Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used when you want to emphasize the duration of an
action that took place in the past before a certain point in time or event. This is useful for providing a
strong chronological context in the narrative.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense Formula:
- Positive: Subject + had been + present participle (verb + -ing)
- Negative: Subject + had not (hadn't) been + present participle
- Question: Had + subject + been + present participle?
Example of 2 Past Perfect Continuous Tense sentences:
- (Positive) They had been studying for hours before the exam started. (They had studied for hours
before the exam started.)
- (Negative) She hadn't been working at that company for long when she decided to resign. (He had
not been with the company long when he decided to resign.)
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING
Conclusion
Past tense is a sentence that states 'past'. The past tense itself consists of:
1. Simple past tense
FORMULA :
A. S + To Be (was/were) + ……..
B. S + Verb II + …….
Affirmative (+) : S + Verb II
Negative (-) : S + did not + Verb I
Interrogative (?) : Did + S + Verb I
2. Past continuous tense
FORMULA :
S + was/were + Verb I (ing) + ……
Affirmative (+) : S + To Be + Verb ing.
Negative (-) : S + To Be + not + Verb ing.
Interrogative (?) : To Be + S + Verb ing.
3. Past perfect tense
FORMULA :
S + Had + been +…
S + Had + Verb III + ….
Affirmative (+) : S + Had + Verb I
Negative (-) : S + had not + Verb III
Interrogative (?) : Had + S + Verb III
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

S. Warib,Sam.Tenses 16 Bentuk Waktu.Surabaya: Penerbit Apollo.

Haryono, Rudi.Drs.Kamus Lengkap Untuk Pelajar, Mahasiswa dan Umum. Jombang:Penerbit Lintas
Media
Brown H. Douglas. 1994. Teaching by Principles. San Francisco State. Prentice Hall Regents
Englewood Cliffs.