Ramallah Women’s Training Center

First Hour Exam

Nursing Second Year

Name: ____________________ Date: _________________

Question One: Comprehension Reading Passage

Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions below.

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Proper management
and care are crucial for individuals living with diabetes to maintain their health and well-being. This
reading passage explores the key aspects of diabetes care, including monitoring blood sugar levels,
healthy lifestyle choices, and the role of healthcare professionals.

Diabetes is a condition that affects how the body processes glucose, a type of sugar used for
energy. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body
does not produce enough insulin, while type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to
insulin or does not produce enough of it. Both types require ongoing care and attention.

Monitoring blood sugar levels is an essential part of diabetes care. People with diabetes use
devices, such as blood glucose meters or continuous glucose monitors, to measure their blood sugar
levels regularly. This information helps individuals and healthcare providers make informed decisions
about medication, diet, and overall diabetes management.

Healthy eating plays a vital role in diabetes care. A balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole
grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, can help individuals manage their blood sugar levels. Monitoring
carbohydrate intake and portion sizes is particularly important for people with diabetes. Working with a
registered dietitian or healthcare provider can provide personalized guidance on meal planning.

Regular physical activity is beneficial for managing diabetes. Exercise helps lower blood sugar
levels, improve insulin sensitivity, and promote overall health. Engaging in activities such as walking,
jogging, swimming, or cycling can be effective. It is important for individuals with diabetes to discuss
their exercise plans with healthcare professionals to ensure safety and maximize benefits.

Medication management is crucial for many individuals with diabetes. Some people with
type 1 diabetes require insulin injections or use insulin pumps to regulate their blood sugar levels.
People with type 2 diabetes may need oral medications or, in some cases, insulin. Adhering to
prescribed medication regimens and attending regular check-ups with healthcare providers are essential
for effective diabetes care.

Diabetes care also involves regular visits to healthcare professionals, such as doctors, nurses,
and diabetes educators. These professionals provide education, support, and guidance on managing the
condition. They assist with medication adjustments, monitoring overall health, and addressing any
concerns or complications related to diabetes.

Questions:

1. What are the two main types of diabetes, and how do they differ?

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2. Why is monitoring blood sugar levels important for individuals with diabetes?
______________________________________________________________________________
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3. What are some key components of a healthy eating plan for managing diabetes?
______________________________________________________________________________
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4. How does regular physical activity benefit individuals with diabetes?
______________________________________________________________________________
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5. What are some common medications used in diabetes care?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Why is medication management important for individuals with diabetes?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. How do healthcare professionals assist individuals with diabetes in their care?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Why is it important for individuals with diabetes to work with a registered dietitian or healthcare
provider for meal planning?
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
9. How can physical activity help individuals with diabetes manage their blood sugar levels?
______________________________________________________________________________
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10. Can you think of any potential challenges or complications individuals with diabetes may face in
their care, and how healthcare professionals can help address them?
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Question Two: Vocabulary

a) Match the following words with their suitable definitions. (12 points)

Words Definitions
1. Hypoglycaemia __________a cluster of cells found in the
pancreas which secrete hormones including
insulin and glucagon,
2. Insulin __________a surgical procedure to graft a
healthy, functioning kidney from a living or
deceased donor into a patient with non-
functioning kidneys
3. islet cells __________a severe form of diabetes caused
by insufficient or absent insulin and resulting

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 in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats
and proteins
4. Type I diabetes __________the condition of having low blood
sugar
5. Type II diabetes __________diminished urine output
6. Catheterisation __________to introduce a catheter into a
person e.g. a urinary catheter
7. Cortex __________hormone produced in the beta
cells of the pancreas which lowers blood sugar
levels
8. Oedema __________large fluid volume in the spaces
between the cells of the body, also called
swelling
9. Oliguria __________a milder form of diabetes
exacerbated by obesity and an inactive lifestyle
10. renal transplant __________absence of urine production
11. renal failure __________absence of urine production
absence of urine production
12. anuria __________hard outer covering

b) Complete the following sentences using the words in the box. (11 points)

Contaminated, specimen, proteinuria , renal, normalize ,Muscles, febrile, thoroughly,

culture, pumps, pen, fuel,
1. Insulin regulates blood sugar levels by moving glucose from the blood into ___________, fat
and liver cells.
2. Glucose is used as __________for the body.
3. Diabetic pancreas either produce s no insulin at all in the ____________cells or too little
insulin to ________________blood sugar.
4. insulin ____________ deliver steady flow of insulin through a catheter which is placed under
the skin throughout the day.
5. Insulin ___________ has a cartilage which fits into the device and can be changed when it is
finished. which is placed under the skin
6. The patient has to do a urine ___________to be sent to the pathology laboratory for
___________and sensitivity test.
7. When patients do MSU they have to wash their hands ____________ and clean the area
around urethra to make sure that the specimen will not be ___________with any bacteria
from the outside.
8. The patient’s temperature is 39, she is ____________.
9. If the kidneys stop working properly, ___________or kidney disease could be the result.
10. The doctor asked the patient to do urine test to check if there is protein in the urine. This
test is called _________.

Question Three: True/ False(9 points)

State whether the following statements are true or false.

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 1. Don’t touch the inside of the urine specimen container when you take the lid __________
off to avoid germs.
2. You can store the insulin either in the fridge or freezer. __________
3. If diabetics use the insulin inhaler they won’t need to have needles every time __________
they need insulin.
4. Type 1 diabetes can be controlled with diet and oral medication. __________
5. Type 2 is usually found in children. __________
6. Type 1 is known as juvenile diabetes. It occurs when no insulin is produced. __________
7. Patients who have UTI should start an antibiotic as soon as possible. __________
8. Hematuria indicates a problem in the blood. __________
9. Urinals must be sterilized. __________

Question Four: Multiple Choice(10points)

Chose the most suitable answers for the following.

1. Some patients got ______________after operation.

a. VTI b. UTI c. ITU

2. Nurses put ________________when patients can’t pass urine or the can’t go to the toilet.

a. needles b. injections c. catheters

3. ____________are the filtration units in the kidney that filter out the waste products in the
blood.

a. neurons b. nephrons c. renal

4. Patients may not have any symptoms during the ________________ stages of kidney disease.

a. final b. early c. middle

5. ______________ keep equipment sterilized to avoid contamination.

a. aseptic techniques b. aspect technique c. septic technique

6. The indwelling catheter is a tube inserted through the ______________ and goes into
the____________.

a. urethra, kidney b. bladder, urethra c. urethra, bladder

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7. When kidneys stop working completely the body can’t get rid of wastes and extra water so
patient’s hands and feet may swell and the patient will feel_________ because the blood hasn’t
been cleaned and can’t function properly.

a. allergic b. lethargic c. logic

8. Patients _______reduce their intake of saturated fats.

a. will have b. have c. need to

9. Patients __________keep an eye on their alcohol intake because it can affect their insulin.

a. must b. may c. should

10. You ___________ speak to your doctor about the nicotine patches.

a. like b. might like to c. will have