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    Properties and Applications of Zeolites

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    gaio ORAMA
    This document discusses the properties and applications of zeolites. It describes how zeolites were discovered in 1756 and have a crystalline structure consisting of a framework of linked tetrahedra containing cations. Zeolites form naturally but can also be synthesized. They have a variety of applications including as catalysts for processes like methanol to gasoline conversion, as molecular sieves, and for ion exchange and adsorption. Common zeolites used include zeolites X, Y, and ZSM-5.

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    Properties and Applications of Zeolites

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    gaio ORAMA
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    This document discusses the properties and applications of zeolites. It describes how zeolites were discovered in 1756 and have a crystalline structure consisting of a framework of linked tetrahedra containing cations. Zeolites form naturally but can also be synthesized. They have a variety of applications including as catalysts for processes like methanol to gasoline conversion, as molecular sieves, and for ion exchange and adsorption. Common zeolites used include zeolites X, Y, and ZSM-5.

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    This document discusses the properties and applications of zeolites. It describes how zeolites were discovered in 1756 and have a crystalline structure consisting of a framework of linked tetrahedra containing cations. Zeolites form naturally but can also be synthesized. They have a variety of applications including as catalysts for processes like methanol to gasoline conversion, as molecular sieves, and for ion exchange and adsorption. Common zeolites used include zeolites X, Y, and ZSM-5.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views43 pages

    Properties and Applications of Zeolites

    Uploaded by

    gaio ORAMA
    This document discusses the properties and applications of zeolites. It describes how zeolites were discovered in 1756 and have a crystalline structure consisting of a framework of linked tetrahedra containing cations. Zeolites form naturally but can also be synthesized. They have a variety of applications including as catalysts for processes like methanol to gasoline conversion, as molecular sieves, and for ion exchange and adsorption. Common zeolites used include zeolites X, Y, and ZSM-5.

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    Download as pdf or txt
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    Properties and Applications of

    Zeolites
    Content

    1. Discovery
    2. Structure
    3. Formation and synthesis
    4. Application
    Discovery
    1756 Zein - to boil
    Axel Fredrick Cronstedt Lithos - a stone

    Stilbite
    Structure

    -H2O

    H2O
    Structure

    Si, Al, Be, Mg, P, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ga, Ge, Co, B, Li, As
    Definition
    1. Crystalline substance.
    2. Framework consists of linked tetrahedra.
    3. Tetrahedron consists of O atoms surrounding the
    cation.
    4. Framework contains open cavities.
    5. Cavities are usually occupied by H2O molecules and
    extra-framework cations that are usually exchangeable.
    6. The channels are large enough to pass the guest
    species.
    7. The framework may be interrupted.
    Composition
    3D Framework
    4-connected net
    http://iza-structure.org

    245
    50
    Building units
    ZSM-5

    Zeolite
    Socony
    Mobil-five
    ZSM-5
    Materials FeS-1
    MnS-1
    Mutinaite
    [As-Si-O]-MFI
    [Ga-Si-O]-MFI
    [Fe-Si-O]-MFI
    NU-4
    TSZ-III
    ZBH
    Encilite
    AZ-1
    TSZ
    ZKQ-1B
    TS-1
    USI-108
    ZMQ-TB
    NU-5
    TZ-01
    USC-4
    AMS-1B
    FZ-1
    LZ-105
    Bor-C
    Boralite C
    Silicalite
    Formation
    Deposits
    Natural zeolites

    analcime chabasite heulandite clinoptilolite

    natrolite sodalite stilbite phillipsite


    Synthesis

    Mixing
    NaAl(OH)4+Na2SiO3+NaOH +template, 250C gel formation
    Ageing
    Nan(AlO2)x(SiO2)yNaOH·zH2O 25-1750C
    Hydrothermal crystallization
    Nan(AlO2)x(SiO2)y·zH2O
    Filtration
    Calcination 400-9000C
    Synthesis
    Composition
    Concentrations and reactant ratio
    Order of mixing
    Temperature
    Ageing time
    Crystallization time
    pH
    Stirring/No stirring
    Seeding
    Templates
    Hypothetical zeolites

    1.M. M. J. Treacy, I. Rivin, E. Balkovsky, K. H.


    Randall, M. D. Foster, Enumeration of Periodic
    Tetrahedral Frameworks. II. Polynodal Graphs.
    Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2004, 74, 121.
    2.R. Pophale, P. A. Cheeseman, M. W. Deem, A
    database of new zeolite-like materials. Phys. Chem.
    Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 12407.
    3.Y. Li, J. Yu, R. Xu, Criteria for Zeolite Frameworks
    Realizable for Target Synthesis. Angew. Chem. Int.
    Ed. 2013, 52, 1673.
    Application
    Zeolite A
    Zeolite X Si/Al 1.25
    ZeoliteY Si/Al 2.3
    USY (Ultra-Stable-Y) Si/Al 5.6
    H-ZSM-5
    Application: building
    4 000 000 t
    Si, Al, Be, Mg, P, Ti, Mn, Fe,
    Zn, Ga, Ge, Co, B, Li, As
    Channels
    &
    cavities

    Various
    Many T-atoms
    actives
    centers

    Kt-
    exchange

    Adsorbents
    Molecular sieves
    Catalysis
    Kt-exchange
    Applications: catalysis
    Applications: catalysis
    Zeolite Y (FAU) 300 000 t
    Applications: catalysis
    H-ZSM-5 (MFI)
    “Polyester” industry
    Applications: catalysis
    Methanol to Gasoline (MTG) Process

    5.5 A

    H-ZSM-5 (MFI)
    Applications: catalysis
    Methanol to Olefins (MTO) Process

    H-SAPO-34 (CHA)
    Applications: Chemical oxidation
    TS-1 (MFI)
    Applications: Photo-oxidation

    Zeolite Y (FAU)
    Application: “Ship in a bottle” complex
    Applications: “Ship in a bottle” complex
    Zeolite Y (FAU) Photo-catalysts

    2,4,6-triphenylthiapyrylium cation
    Applications: Kt-exchange
    Zeolite A (LTA)
    1,400 000 t

    Ca2+, Mg2+
    Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+
    Applications: Kt-exchange

    Clinoptilolite
    (HEU)
    500 000 t
    134Cs, 137Cs, 90Sr
    Applications: Medicine
    Applications: Agriculture
    Applications: Adsorption
    Clinoptilolite (HEU)
    Zeolite A (LTA)
    Applications: Anion adsorption
    Ag+-Zeolite+NaI→Na+-Zeolite+AgI↓
    Applications: Adsorption
    Applications: Molecular sieves
    Applications: Molecular sieves

    Zeolite A (LTA) Zeolite Y (FAY) H-ZSM-5 (MFI)


    Drying agent
    Hydrocarbon sieving
    Separation of gases
    References
    1. http://iza-structure.org
    2. Fischer R. X., Baur W. H. Materials with Zeolite-Type
    Structures. Landolt-Börnstein Numerical Data and
    Functional Relationships in Science and Technology. Group
    IV: Physical Chemistry Volume 14.
    3. Christopher J. Rhodes Properties and applications of
    zeolites Science Progress (2010), 93(3), 1–63
    4. Haw, J.F. (2002) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 4, 5431.
    5. Corma, A. and Garcia, H. (2004) Eur. J. Chem., 1143

    Thank you for your attention

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