Manual Mango English
Manual Mango English
Manual Mango English
Prepared by:
Elmer Solomon
Rowel B. Torrejos
Published by:
Davao City Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Inc.
October 2006
Disclaimer
While every effort has been exerted to make this Manual accurate, new methods continue to
evolve. Please check with the DCCCII for the latest version. Please note that no warranties are
made as to the contents and the results arising from the usage of this Manual. The DCCCII
accepts no liability for the consequences of the use of this Manual.
Copyright
This Manual and its accompanying Comic Book Teaching Guide was prepared & published to assist
the Davao City Farmer in particular and the Filipino Farmer in general. It is intended to uplift
Farming Practices nationwide as part of a larger program to make Philippine Farm Produce globally
acceptable by conforming to international farm standards. Provided due acknowledgement of the
persons who prepared this Manual and the Davao City Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Inc.,
as the Publishers, is made, this Manual and its accompanying Comic Book Teaching Guide, or any
portion thereof may be reproduced by the user. Please cite the date published and the source of
the copy so as to inform the reader as to its timeliness and for purposes of attribution."
Copyright 2006 (Pending). Davao City Chamber of Commerce & Industry, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Message from Donor
Mabuhay!
TONY HELY
Ambassador
Message from the Project Proponent
I also extend my heartfelt appreciation to the Australian Agency for International Development or
AusAID through the Philippines-Australia Human Resource Development Facility or PAHRDF
for their valuable assistance in enabling the DCCCII to leave an imprint in nation building.
Lastly, my commendation to the Department of Agriculture for their unwavering support and
continuing belief in recognizing the private sector's major role in promoting voluntary self
regulation, food safety and quality and environmental responsibility.
We should take advantage of the many economic reforms now currently being undertaken by
fellow developing countries particularly in the BIMP-EAGA region and Southeast Asia. Through
our efforts such as the GAP Manuals, the DCCCII will continue to promote and contribute in
ensuring that Philippine-made agricultural products can compete in the international market.
Our congratulations for all those who, despite the time constraints,
made this manual a reality.
This humbling realization is the spur that made me push for the
Partnership of the Davao City Chamber of Commerce (DCCCII) with the
Philippines-Australia Human Resources Development Facility
(PAHRDF). I firmly believe that at the end of the day, it is people that
determine success. Therefore, the development of our City's Human
Resources is key to our ability to succeed in the new Global Market.
Why the Agricultural Sector? Simply because it is the largest contributor to our local economy. In
addition, no one will dispute that the soil and climate and the diversity of our terrain is most suited
to Agriculture. In fact, that is why companies like Dole and Del Monte are here.
It is also inarguable, that the largest part of our population rely on rural agriculture. Thus, the
Training on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), which yielded this Farm Manuals and their
attendant Comic Book Training Aids for Farm Workers as the critical first step towards the
accelerated development of our Agricultural Sector. These GAP Manuals on Banana, Durian,
Mango, Horticulture, Poultry and Swine Farming as well as Training Modules developed by the
Participants themselves, will be made available to the Public by the Davao Chamber.
But we don't intend to stop here. Our goal is to roll out these Farming Technologies to a corpse of
Chamber-affiliated farmers in key growing areas. From there, we envision other nearby farms to
adopt GAP as well. Eventually we hope to attain a critical mass that will allow us to serve
discerning markets outside of our city, in an organized cooperative way. By so doing, we hope to
uplift small rural farmers so that they are eventually brought into the mainstream, themselves.
Of course, as Farm Incomes increase, the ripple effect on other sectors of the economy will
impact tremendously on the alleviation of poverty across most, if not all levels of Davao society.
For Davaoenyos and Filipinos like you and me, the challenge however, remains. We have the
soil, we have the climate, and now we have the Technology…
Humbling though, the challenges before us, I know we can do it. Together.
SIMEON P. MARFORI, II
DCCCII-PAHRDF Program Chair &
Member of the Board of Trustees
A
MANUAL
on
Good Agricultural Practices
for Mango Farming
Prepared by:
Elmer Solomon
Rowel B. Torrejos
Published by:
Davao City Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Inc.
October 2006
Table of Contents
Foreword i
Introduction 1
1. Site History, Selection, and Management 2
1.1 Site History and Selection 2
1.2 Site Management 3
2. Animal and Pest Control 4
3. Planting Materials 5
4. Fertilizers and Ameliorates 6
5. Water 8
6. Chemicals 10
7. Quality Farm Management System for Mango 12
7.1 Site Selection 12
7.2 Procurement of Planting Materials 12
7.3 Site Preparation and Spacing 12
7.4 Cultural Management of Immature Trees 13
7.5 Production Management of Bearing Trees 15
7.6 Harvesting 24
7.7 Traceability 26
7.8 Preparing For the Next Production Cycle 26
7.9 Training of Workers 26
FOREWORD
Mango, a fast emerging export fruit commodity now ranks third to banana and
pineapple as a dollar earner of the Philippines. It is highly competitive with
other mangoes in the export market as it has gained wide acceptance in many
importing countries. One of the concerns of the importing countries, however,
like Japan and China, is the quality and safety of our mango to the consumer.
In addition, countries like Europe are requiring that exported fruits are
produced under sustainable environmental conditions including care for the
health and welfare of the farm workers. To address such concern, this manual
on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) was prepared. The manual discusses
farm structures, production systems, and techniques, wherein the fruits are
produced as safe food and with superior quality. It also integrates many good
provisions of other GAP manuals like Freshcare of Australia, ASEAN GAP,
and EUREPGRAP, to remove export barriers related to the non-compliance of
GAP among importing countries.
Elmer Solomon
Rowel B. Torrejos
Co-Authors
1
INTRODUCTION
Improvement of the good quality of mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) is the key to the
realization of the goal of the Philippine Government, through the Department of
Agriculture, to make the Philippines the number one exporter of mango by the year
2020. This improvement includes the production of mango for the export market that
is of superior quality and safe to consumers.
Indeed, the Philippine carabao mango is the best mango in the world. Added to this,
Mindanao offers a favorable climate for the off-season production of mango which
compliments the on-season production in Luzon and Visayas. This gives the
Philippines the potential to supply the world market the whole year round. However,
both positive attributes are not enough for the Philippines to dominate the mango
export market if the fruits are not of world-class quality and safe to the consumers.
Evidence to this is the suspension of our export to Japan last year due to high residue
of chlorpyrifos. This year our export to Japan is again suspended due to high residue
of Cypermethrin which is above the minimum residue level (MRL) prescribed by
Japan. Other importing countries like South Korea, Europe and China are becoming
stricter with MRL’s and other safety measures which the Philippine mango farmers
and traders have to comply.
The suspension of our export to Japan last year and this year indicates that many of
our mango growers have inadequate knowledge on safety and quality requirements
in the production of mango for the export market. There is therefore, the need to
equipt farmers and other stakeholders of the mango industry with adequate
knowledge and skills on good agricultural practices (GAP) to insure the production of
quality and safe fruits thereby removing the current and expected barriers in our
export of mango due to non-compliance of the GAP.
This GAP manual is an answer to that need. The manual discusses, in sufficient
details, what the mango growers should follow in upgrading their practices to
produce fruits which met world-class standard. In following this manual, the mango
farmers will collectively produce export quality mango fruits which could be
competitive in the export market for higher price, higher profit and income thereby
help in promoting a prosperous Philippine countryside with reduce poverty and
higher rate of employment. By knowing and following this manual, the mango
growers are uplifted to become elite members of internationally recognized list of
farmers producing safe and quality fruits who cares for the environment and for the
welfare of farm workers.
2
Farm Grower
Sprayer cleaning
area Chemical store Creek
Pack shed
House
Toilets Machinery shed
B1
3.6ha
B2
A1 3.7ha
4ha
B3
3.8ha
A2
4ha
A3 C1 C2 C3
4ha 2ha 1.9ha 1.8ha
3
3. Planting Materials
The cultivar grown is chosen because of its disease resistance and high
yielding properties.
4.9 Human sewage and waste are not used for fertilizer.
8
5. Water
6. Chemicals
Pesticides should be kept under lock and key. Warning signs must be
prominently displayed.
7.4.2 Pruning
7.4.3 Fertilization
7.4.4 Irrigation
7.4.5 Mulching
7.4.6 Intercropping/Covercropping
7.4.7 Deblossoming
7.4.9.2 C e c i d f l y. S p r a y w i t h a n y o f t h e
recommended insecticides
7.5.3 Fertilization
The amount of fertilizer (14-14-14) varies with age
of the trees from 3,5,7,9, to 12 kg/tree of trees aging
from 7,9,11,16, and 20 years and above,
respectively. Animal manure in the form of cicken
dung or cow manure is applied at the rate of 10, 20,
40, 80 and 100 kg/tree of those ageing 7, 9, 11, 16,
and20 years.
7.5.8 Fruit
Management
Irrigate at weekly
intervals and stop a t
one month before
harvest. Apply foliar
fertilizer at fruit set
(35 to 40 DAFI) and
before bagging(55
DAFI). Bag the fruits
at 55 to 60 DAFI to
eliminate incidence
of capsid bug and
fruit flies. In wrapping, the use of printed papers is
avoided since the print can attach to the fruit,
thereby reducing fruit quality. Take note that
bagging may increase the damage of mealy bugs
and scab. Harvest fruits at right maturity.
7.5.9 Irrigation
Irrigate and keep the soil moist at all times except at
two weeks before flower induction. Provide
drainage to help promote drying of the soil at the
base of the plants to induce the maturity of leaves.
7.5.10.17 Phytophthora
Improve the drainage system by
constructing canals between the rows of the
trees. Moreover, adequate pruning are
carried out. The affected trunk and branches
are sprayed with copper-based fungicide.
7.6 Harvesting
7.7 Traceability
Each of the containers/cartons that are used to pack the
mango fruits must be labeled. Labeling must be done
using legible characters that are grouped on the same
side of the container, stamped in indelible ink with the
name of produce, variety, class, size and number of
pieces, net weight in kilograms, name of producer and the
words “Product of the Philippines” Mango fruits shall be
classified according to size. Record management to
ensure traceability of the mango fruit, documentation
must be kept as files. The GAP certification is attached to
the cartons.
8.2 Animals and pets are excluded from the farm and
packing areas.
10.6 Every three years, the soil must be analyzed for these
heavy metals and measures are taken so they do not
exceed the safety limits set for them.
32
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
Baits and traps used for pest control are located and
maintained to minimise the risk of contaminating the
produce and packing containers and materials. The
location of baits and traps is recorded.
Planting Material
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
Water
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
Chemicals
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
Other Chemicals
Fuels, oils, and other non-agrochemicals are handled,
stored and disposed of in a manner that minimises the
risk of contaminating produce.
I
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
Produce Treatment
The application, storage, and disposal of chemicals
used after harvest, including pesticides and waxes,
follow the same practices as described in the Chemical
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Needs Not Actions required
GAP Elements and Areas of Concern Yes
Attention Relevant and Budget/Cost needed
Training
Employers and workers have appropriate knowledge or
are trained in their area of responsibility relevant to
good agricultural practice and a record of training is
Review of Practices
All practices are reviewed at least once each year to
ensure that they are done correctly and actions are
taken to correct any deficiencies identified. A record is
kept of practices reviewed and corrective actions
*Adopted from ASEAN GAP Checklist with reference to Freshcare and EUREPGAP. 2006
I
A
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
EXAMPLES OF DOCUMENTS AND RECORD
A
P
The section contains examples of documents and record forms that are P
required to implement various practices in the food safety module. The E
documents and record forms are examples only and other methods and N
D
formats can be used. ASEAN GAP specifies what information has to be I
documented and recorded but does not specify how the information is to X
be documented and recorded.
B
The example documents and record forms contained in this section are:
» Farm plan
» Chemical inventory
» Spray record
» Postharvest chemical record
» Fertiliser and soil additives record
» Harvesting and packing record
» Job responsibility and training record
» Chemical authorisation form
» Risk assessment record – persistent chemicals in soil
» Risk assessment record – fertilisers and soil additives
» Risk assessment record – water
» Corrective action report
» Cleaning and pest control plan
» Personal hygiene instructions
Farm Grower
Sprayer cleaning
area Chemical store Creek
Pack shed
House
Toilets Machinery shed
B1
3.6ha
B2
A1 3.7ha
4ha
B3
3.8ha
A2
4ha
A3 C1 C2 C3
4ha 2ha 1.9ha 1.8ha
Chemical Inventory
B
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Spray Record
Business/Grower Name: James Montes Crop / Variety: Citrus Year / Season: 1999
Date/ Block/ Crop Stage Product Dilution Application Equipment Date Safe Comments Operator
Time Row / Target Rate Rate Used to Harvest (e.g weather)
/WHP
27-8 Airblast CALIBRATED J Montes
8-10 A1, A3 Aphids Pirimor + 50g/100L 5000 L/ha Airblast 10-10-99 Very slight SE J Montes
20-10 All A & B Foliar Potassium Nitrate 1 kg/100L 250L/ha Airblast N/A Very Slight NE J Montes
24-12 All A & B Weeds Diuron 900 285g/100L 700L/ha Boom N/A Calm
J Montes
B
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Postharvest Chemical Record
B
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Harvest and Packing Records
Native 16-1-99 A 16-1-99 A019917 115 cartons Freddies Fruits - C092349 Second pick –
Lucky Phils – C092350 some goolie moth damage
B
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Job Responsibility and Training Record
James Tebon C
Cliff Tago
Manny Pako C
Chin Tabon
Jo Batumbakal
= performs job and training completed = performs job, training completed and has responsibility for area
I
B
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Chemical Authorization
A
P
P
E
N
D
I
X
PLEASE NOTE B
Persistent
chemicals in soil:
Block A Cebu NS - virgin block of ground J Montes 9/2/00
Block C Carabao S-old cane land, soil test detected Fruit washed after harvest to J Montes 9/2/00
dieldrin residues remove dirt. Chemical residue test
of washed fruit found no evidence of
persistent chemicals.
Block D Carabao NS- product tested, levels of Product test to be repeated in J Montes 9/2/00
cadmium are less than half the 3 years.
legal limit.
I
B
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Risk Assessment Record
Carabao S - untreated fowl manure is used. Fowl manure applied before fruit set. J Montes 9/2/00
Dropped fruit rejected by pickers.
Carbao S - untreated fowl manure used. Fowl manure applied 4 months J Montes 9/2/00
before planting. Sawdust used
NS - sawdust not chemically between rows and plastic mulch
treated. under plants.
B
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Risk Assessment Record
B
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Corrective Action Report
15/2/2000 Self assessment found some sprays not Spray diary updated and staff retrained J Montes 16/2/2000
recorded in spraydiary.
22/2/2000 External audit - cleaning not conducted Cleaning staff retrained to ensure they J Montes 25/2/2000
according to written plan conform to plan. Cleaning and vermin control
plan reviewed.
20/3/2000 Excess MRL for Endosulfan found in my Nozzles replaced and sprayer calibrated. J Montes 22/3/2000
cucumbers at market. Cause found to be worn Regular calibrations scheduled for future.
spray nozzles applying too much spray.
I
B
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Cleaning ad Pest Control Plan
Before packing Owner ? Clean all surfaces that contact produce with a food safe cleaning agent.
season
Daily after ? Sweep lunchroom and toilets and empty rubbish bins. Clean hand-washing
Lunch room and toilets packing Packing staff basin with a bathroom cleaning agent. Check paper towel and detergent
dispenser and restock as required.
Picking containers Spot cleaning ? Check containers before use and clean with a high-pressure hose as
Pickers required.
Packing Shed Daily after ? Check that cleaning has been done properly and for presence of roosting
packing Owner birds and domestic animals in shed.
? Remove rubbish from receival, storage and dispatch areas, and from
Weekly Owner around the shed to minimize pest establishment.
? Check rodent baits in designated areas and top-up as required
? Remove cobwebs from packing and storage areas.
Before Packing Owner
season ? Organize contractor to spray shed for cockroaches and spiders.
? Remove rubbish and sweep and wash floor.
Coolroom Weekly ? Check for cleanliness and wash floor and walls with high-pressure hose as
Owner required.
Before Packing Owner ? Clean mould off walls, ceiling and floor with food safe cleaning agent and
season wash with high-pressure hose.
Note: This plan is an example and not a standard for how cleaning must
I
B
X
E
P
P
A
D
N
Sample Personal Hygiene Instructions
A
P
P
E
N
D
ALL STAFF I
X
Wash your hands with soap and water and dry your B
hands on a single use disposable paper towel before handling fruit
After
Visiting the Toilet
Handling Animals
Smoking
Handling waste food and rubbish
The Davao City Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Inc. (DCCCII) wishes to
acknowledge the contribution of the participants to its Good Agricultural
Practices (GAP) Training for their invaluable support in the preparation of these
GAP Manuals and in designing GAP Training Courses:
GAP Manuals
Banana Farming Jose Ma. P. Marfori & Henry G. Pancer
Durian Farming Emmanuel S. Belviz
Floriculture Wilfredo B. Uy
Mango Farming Elmer Solomon & Rowel B. Torrejos
Vegetable Farming Arsenio T. Billano
Poultry Production Reuben S. Cabrera,DVM & Francisco M. Vilela,Jr,DVM
Swine Production Teresita M. Pascual & Janice C. Ybanez
They were ably assisted by their coaches, Director Gilberto F. Layese, Dr. Pablito
Pamplona, Dr. Max Montenegro, Dr. Eric Dagmang, Luis Pacana, Jose L.
Nobleza, Jr., and Mary Grace Mandigma.
Theirs is the spirit that inspires the Davao City Chamber. It is this passion for their
chosen life's work, their love for Davao City, and their commitment to the
chamber that suffuses these manuals.
An initiative of the Davao
City Chamber of Commerce
and Industry, Inc.
"The following GAP Farming Manuals are available at minimal cost (to help defray Printing
& Shipping & to support Outreach expenses) from the Davao City Chamber of Commerce
& Industry, Inc.
Address: DCCCII SME Center BDO, 2nd Floor, DCCCI Building, JP Laurel Avenue,
Bajada, Davao City, 8000.
Telephone: (082) 221-7515 and (082) 300-2198 Fax: (082) 226-4433
Email: dcccii@mozcom.com
Banana Farming
Durian Farming
Floriculture
Mango Farming
Vegetable Farming
Poultry Farming (Broiler Production)
Swine Farming
The DCCCII welcomes any comments or updates to improve these Manuals. Please
contact us as indicated above.”
Acknowledgement :