ALTERNATIVE ENERGY – WIND ENERGY

DAM13503
BASIC ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONICS
GROUP PROJECT
Semester I
Session 2022/2023

Prepared by,
AHMED RAEES BIN RAFIQ IQBAL AA220788
AHMAD SYAKIR BIN AHMAD SUFIAN AA220222
AIMAN HAKIM BIN SHAMSUDIN AA220435
ALIF LUQMAN BIN ABDUL RAHIM AA220215
OBJECTIVE
Able to understand the importance of alternative energy
Able to understand the concept of wind energy
Able to understand the pros and cons of alternative energy

INTRODUCTION

Energy is a resource that is essential to modern life and supports everything. We

rely on energy for a variety of purposes, including technology, heating and
cooling, industry, and manufacturing, but our reliance on non-renewable
resources such as coal, oil, and gas can lead to global-scale issues that worsen
over time. To begin with, these natural resources necessitate costly extraction
methods such as mining, causing environmental stress on both terrestrial and
marine ecosystems. Their transformation into usable energy is a major source of
CO2 emissions, which contributes to global warming. The demand for
alternative energy research is growing rapidly, so scientists are looking for other
sources that meet a few criteria, such as low cost, time efficiency, renewable,
and accessible.

To find ways to increase energy efficiency and switch to other resources, the
research requires multiple foci in various branches of science. We investigated
ways to reduce energy use in psychological, mechanical, and material ways, as
well as biological energy sources as alternatives, as well as the use of generators
harvesting light and thermal energy. We investigated the connections between
the environment, including the greenhouse effect, and energy, and then
conducted experiments on cyanobacteria and the biological harvest of light
energy. To understand the role of technology in transferring energy into usable
forms, the physics of generating and then efficiently using energy were
observed.

A multidisciplinary approach is essential in investigating energy resources in

order to develop methods for harvesting energy and increasing efficiency,
thereby assisting us as a species in planning for a sustainable future.
SOURCE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
Wind Energy. A major source of renewable energy is wind. With wind power
contributing more and more to the National Grid, wind farms are becoming a
more common sight in Malaysia. In order to generate electricity from wind
energy, turbines power generators, which subsequently supply power to the
National Grid. Even though there exist methods for "off-grid" or household
power, not every property can accommodate a residential wind turbine.

Advantages of Wind Power

Since wind energy doesn't require direct sunlight exposure like solar energy, it
provides advantages and is a practical choice for many different regions of the
world.

1) Free gas
There is no need for gasoline because wind turbines themselves are entirely
powered by wind energy. The turbine doesn't require fuel or a power source to
function after it has been built and installed. In compared to other renewable
energy sources, which could require some energy expenditure, this also lowers
the overall cost to maintain large-scale wind farms.

2) Among the Cleanest Energy Sources

Wind energy does not cause climate change by releasing greenhouse gases
during energy generation because the turbines are not powered by fossil fuels.
The only times wind energy indirectly emits greenhouse gases are during the
production, transportation, and installation of the wind turbines. Home and
business lighting in the United States is provided by renewable wind energy. [2]

3) Technological Developments
The most recent technological developments have turned crude wind turbine
designs into incredibly effective energy harvesters. The market for turbines is
expanding because to the vast variety of sizes that are accessible to enterprises
of all kinds and to individuals for use at home on larger lots and plots of land.

Wind energy's negative aspects

Wind energy still has drawbacks and restrictions even though it is a renewable,
environmentally friendly kind of electricity.

1) Risky for Some Wildlife

Wildlife is known to be endangered by wind turbines. Running into the blades
that turn on the fan-like structure of wind turbines as they are spinning could
cause injury or death to flying birds and bats that are travelling through their
habitats or migratory routes. Fish and wildlife conservation organisations are
concerned about the deaths of birds and bats at wind farm locations since it is a
contentious issue. The noise pollution caused by spinning blades may have an
impact on animals on the ground in addition to species that flies.

2) Noisy
Because they can be rather noisy, wind turbines are typically situated in very
rural locations where few people dwell. Noise may not be a problem depending
on the turbine's location, such as offshore. Newer designs have been
demonstrated to have substantially lower noise complaints because to
technological developments.

3) Exorbitant Initial Cost

If you can believe it, these enormous constructions frequently reach heights of
several hundred feet and demand a large initial investment. In order to transfer
power to denserly populated places like towns and cities where it is needed,
placing wind turbines in rural areas necessitates additional investment in
underground connections.
SYSTEM DESIGN OF WIND ENERGY

Wind is a form of solar energy caused by a combination of three concurrent

events:

1)The sun unevenly heating the atmosphere

2)Irregularities of the earth's surface
3)The rotation of the earth.

In the United States, there are many different types of flora, aquatic
bodies, and geographical variations that affect the wind flow patterns and
speeds. Sailing, kite flying, and even the production of electricity are just a few
of the ways that humans employ this wind flow, or motion energy.

Both "wind energy" and "wind power" refer to the method of using the
wind to produce mechanical or electrical energy. This mechanical energy can be
applied to certain tasks (like grinding grain or pumping water) or transformed
into electricity using a generator.
 The rotor blades of a wind turbine, which function similarly to an
aeroplane wing or a helicopter rotor blade, convert wind energy into electricity
using aerodynamic force. The air pressure on one side of the blade falls as wind
passes across it. Both lift and drag are produced by the different air pressure on
the blade's two sides. The rotor spins because the force of the lift is greater than
the force of the drag. If the generator is a direct drive turbine, the rotor is
connected to it directly; otherwise, a gearbox that speeds up the rotation and
permits a physically smaller generator is used. Electricity is produced as a result
of the conversion of aerodynamic force into generator rotation.

Horizontal Axis Turbines

Most people envision horizontal-axis wind turbines when they think about wind
turbines. They most frequently feature three blades and work "upwind," turning
at the top of the tower so the blades face the wind.

Vertical Axis Turbines

There are various types of vertical-axis wind turbines, including the Darrieus
model, so named after its French creator, which resembles an eggbeater.
Because of their omnidirectional design, these turbines don't require special
positioning so that they face the wind to work.

THERE ARE 3 TYPE APPLICATIONS OF WIND TURBINES

- Land-based wind

- Offshore wind

- Distributed of wind

Land Based Wind

The size of land-based wind turbines can range from 100 kilowatts to several
megawatts. Larger wind turbines are more economically viable and are placed
together into wind plants, which supply the electrical grid with a large amount
of power.

Offshore Wind

The big components can be delivered on ships rather than on roadways, they do
not have the same transportation issues as land-based wind systems. These wind
turbines can harness strong ocean breezes and produce enormous amounts of
energy.

Distributed Wind

Wind turbines of any size are referred to be "distributed wind" when they are
positioned on the "customer" side of the electric metre or at or close to the
location where the energy they generate will be used.

APPLICATION OF WIND ENERGY IN REAL WORLD

Since ancient times, people have used wind energy, which is derived from
flowing air to power various devices, including the first sailboats and windmills.
This kind of kinetic energy is produced by air currents and is capable of being
converted into electricity by an electric generator. Turbines are one of the most
effective tools for converting energy into electrical energy, as we can witness or
learn from studies. The wind's energy is captured and transformed into electrical
energy while the turbines whirl. This energy can be used as a backup supply to
power tidal power plants and industrial equipment in homes and workplaces.

USE OF WIND ENERGY IN THE MODERN STYLE TODAY

Today, a number of electricity companies provide their consumers with

power from wind farms. Independent wind turbines are mainly used for
communications or water pumping. But wind turbines can also help ranchers,
farmers, and homeowners in breezy locations lower their electricity costs.
Uses of Wind Energy

Generating energy
Wind drives the rotor blades of contemporary wind turbines, which
transform kinetic energy into rotational energy. A shaft that connects the
generator to the rotational energy produces electrical energy. Since 2000, wind
power has expanded quickly due to R&D, favourable legislation, and declining
costs.

Pumping Water
Windmills have the ability to pump water up to 60 metres deep.
Windmills that can pump water have the advantage of not requiring fuel,
allowing them to be erected in windy, remote locations where other traditional
methods are impractical.

CONCLUSION

In contrast to coal, oil, or natural gas, wind energy does not release
greenhouse gases when it is converted to power. Wind power is a renewable
energy source that doesn't require burning fossil fuels to function. Even though
creating wind energy is environmentally friendly, there are certain drawbacks.
One of them is the price. It is expensive to manufacture a wind turbine. The
wind turbine's operation can also be loud, which contributes to noise pollution.
Finally, it can only be used in specific locations, such as windy environments
like the sea or atop hills. Malaysia has very few wind turbines, although nations
like England and Turkey have been employing them to power rural areas. In
conclusion, nations from all over the world should construct their own wind
farm despite the hefty expense. The ecology won't be harmed and there will
always be wind energy available.
Then,the wind turbine can also be loud when operating,which can cause sound
pollution.Finally,It can only operate in certain parts of places,in windy areas
such as the sea or at the top of a hill.Wind turbine is quite rare in Malaysia but
countries such as England and Turkey have been using it to provide electricity
to the small towns.In conclusion,eventhough the cost is high,countries from all
around the world should build their own wind turbine farm.Producing wind
energy will not do any damage to the environment and it will never run out.