Module 2
Module 2
Module 2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
EXPLAIN
Historical Sources
● These are objects from the past or testimonies concerning the past on which
historians depend to create their own depiction of that past. – Hower and
Pevenier
● It is a Tangible remains of the past. – Anthony Brundage
● Historical source (also known as historical material or historical data) is original
source that contain important historical information. These sources are
something that inform us about history at the most basic level, and these
sources used as clues to study history. – Wikipedia
Primary Sources Examples
● Testimony of an eyewitness 4 Main Categories of Primary Sources
● A primary source must have been
produced by a contemporary of 1. Written Source
the event it narrates. 2. Images
● Materials produced by people or 3. Artifacts
groups directly involved in the 4. Oral Testimony
event or topic being studied.
Other examples:
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Other Classifications:
Written Source Unwritten Sources
1.Published materials ● Oral history
● Artifact
● Books ● Ruins
● Magazines ● Fossils
● Journals ● Art works
● Travelogue ● Video recordings
● Transcription of speech ● Audio recordings
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ELABORATE
Historical Criticism
Known as the historical-critical method or higher criticism, is a branch of
criticism that investigates the origins of ancient texts to understand "the world behind
the text" And for a source to be used as evidence in history, basic matters about its
form and content must be settled. And this thru External and Internal Criticism.
1. External Criticism - is a process by which historians determine whether a source
is authentic by checking the validity of the source. It is concerned with establishing
the authenticity or genuineness of data.
2. Internal Criticism - aka positive criticism, is the attempt of the researcher to
restore the meaning of the text. This is the phase of hermeneutics in which the
researcher engages with the meaning of the text rather than the external elements of
the document. It is concerned on the contents of the document.
TEST OF AUTHENTICITY
1.Determine the date of the document to see whether they are anachronistic e.g.
pencils did not exist before the 16th Century.
2. Determine the author. Example: handwriting, signature, seal
3. Anachronistic style. Example: idiom, orthography, punctuation
4. Anachronistic reference to events. Example: too early, too late, too remote
5. Provenance or custody - determines its genuineness.
6. Semantics – determining the meaning of a text or word.
7.Hermeneutics –determining ambiguities
TEST OF CREDIBILITY
1. Identification of the author. Example: to determine his reliability; mental
processes, personal attitudes.
2. Determination of the approximate date.
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3. Ability to tell the truth - nearness to the event, competence of witness, degree of
attention.
4. Willingness to tell the truth - to determine if the author consciously or
unconsciously tells falsehoods.
5. Corroboration. Example: historical facts – particulars which rest upon the
independent testimony of two or more reliable witnesses
Three Major Components to Effective Historical Thinking
1. Sensitivity to Multiple Causation
2. Sensitivity to Context
3. Awareness of the interplay of continuity and change in human affairs
ACTIVITY NUMBER: 2
LEARNERS QUOTATION INTERPRETATIONS: Give your interpretation about
this quotation.
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ACTIVITY NUMBER: 3
Quotation Analysis: Give your personal insights on the said quotations by Soren
Kierkegaard
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subject of such an analysis – a book, a play, a magazine article, etc., but how to write
such an essay? It would be quite an easy task, if you are a pro, but what about the
newbies?
TOPICS IN PHILIPPPINE HISTORY SUBJECTED FOR CONTENT AND CONTEXT
ANALYSIS
A. Voyages of Antonio PIgafetta
B. Site of the first mass
C. Kartilya ng Katipunan
D. Cavite Mutiny
E. Retraction of Rizal
F. Cry of Balintawak or Cry of Pugad-Lawin
G. Proclamation of Independence
H. Political Caricature of Alfred McCoy “Philippine Caricature of the American Era
(1900-1941)
AREAS OF CONCERN IN ANALYZING TEXT
A. Document Type
B. Historical Importance of the Document
C. Authors Sources
D. Authors main argument
E. Authors point of view
EVALUATE
ACTIVITY NUMBER: 4
Key Take Away:
Directions: Explain what you have learned and realized in this module.
REFERENCES
UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY
Biglang Awa St., Corner Catleya St., EDSA, Caloocan City
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION