AnSc 22n

INTRO TO LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCTION

Name: Jerald Men B. Cantiga Date Submitted: March 29, 2023

Lab. Schedule: Wednesday (1:00-4:00 PM) Score:

Laboratory Exercise No. 2

CLASSIFICATION AND SELECTION OF SWINE BREEDS

I. Introduction
Learning the breeds of swine and their characteristics is important for producers to
raise the breeds that best fit their needs based on qualities and physical characteristics.
Different breeds have different meat quality, mothering abilities, and other traits. Swine
breeders use composite breeding to mate complimentary breeds where one breed is superior
in a particular trait, and the other is superior in a different trait. Understanding the influence
of pig breed and gender on pork properties can also help improve pork production.
Different breeds of swine have different characteristics that make them suitable for
different purposes. Some breeds are better suited for meat production, while others are better
for breeding or as pets. By understanding the characteristics of different breeds, farmers and
breeders can choose the right breed for their specific needs. By selecting the right breed,
farmers and breeders can maximize production and efficiency. For example, if a farmer wants
to produce a lot of high-quality meat, they may choose a breed that grows quickly and has
good meat quality. Also, some breeds of swine are more resistant to certain diseases than
others. By selecting the right breed, farmers can reduce the risk of disease outbreaks and save
money on veterinary care.
Overall, learning about the breeds of swine and their characteristics is essential for
anyone involved in swine farming or breeding. It can help increase production, reduce disease
risks, improve breeding, and market products more effectively.

II. Objectives
At the end of this laboratory, the students will be able to:
1. Identify common breeds and types of swine.
2. Identify the distinguishing characteristics including the place of origin for each breed
of swine.
3. Enumerate the factors to consider in selecting a breed of swine to be raised.
4. Identify and discuss the different characteristics of good gilts/boars.

III. Procedures
1. The laboratory instructor will discuss the different breeds of swine as well as the criteria in
selecting breeds to be raised.
2. Identify swine breeds found in the locality.

Vision:A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission:Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and
innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
IV. Questions to answer

1. Why should you select stocks raised from places similar to your local environment? (5
points)
Selecting swine stocks raised from places similar to your local environment can be
beneficial for several reasons. Here are some of them:

A. Adaptability: Pigs raised in a particular environment tend to adapt to the local conditions,
including weather, temperature, and other environmental factors. If you choose swine stocks
from a similar environment, they are more likely to adapt quickly to your local conditions,
resulting in better performance, growth rates, and reduced stress

B. Disease resistance: Pigs that are raised in similar environments tend to have developed
immunity to local diseases, which can help reduce the risk of illness and infection in your
swine herd. This can save you money on medication and veterinary bills.

C. Feeding requirements: Swine stocks raised in similar environments may have similar
feeding requirements, which can make it easier for you to manage their diet and nutrition.

D. Reduced transportation stress: Transporting pigs from a distant location can be stressful
for them, which can affect their health and productivity. If you select swine stocks from a
nearby location, transportation stress will be reduced, resulting in a healthier and more
productive herd.

Overall, selecting swine stocks from similar local environments can be beneficial for
their adaptation, disease resistance, feeding requirements, and transportation stress, which can
result in a more productive and profitable swine operation.

2. Explain the relationship between hog soundness and longevity. (5 points).

Although soundness is a major element in a hog's lifetime, hog soundness and
longevity are closely associated. The term "soundness" relates to a hog's physical and
structural soundness, which takes into account elements including the animal's skeletal system,
muscle development, and general state of health.
Hogs with sound and sturdy construction are more likely to live longer than those
without. For instance, hogs with healthy skeletons are less likely to experience pain and
discomfort from joint issues like arthritis, which can ultimately limit the animal's life
expectancy.
Similar to humans, hogs with powerful muscles are better able to handle the stresses
and strain of daily living and are less prone to get wounds or illnesses that could compromise
their general health and longevity.
Overall, soundness should be taken into account when estimating a hog's possible
lifespan. Healthy and sound pigs are more likely to live long and fruitful lives, whereas
unhealthy pigs may live shorter lives or be more susceptible to illness and disease.

Vision:A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission:Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and
innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 3. Fill up the table below for the breeds of hogs identified in the farm and give its
characteristics. (30 points)
Breeds of Swine Characteristics Origin
Landrace It is known for its exceptional Denmark
maternal qualities, including
high fertility, large litters, and
good milk production. They
have large, drooping ears, a long
body, and are typically white in
color.
Hampshire It is known for its good meat England
quality, hardiness, and fast
growth rate. They have a black
body with a white band around
their middle and erect ears.
Duroc It is known for its excellent United State
meat quality, fast growth rate,
and good feed efficiency. They
have a red or rust-colored coat,
drooping ears, and muscular
body type.
Tamworth It is known for its hardiness, Ireland
foraging ability, and lean meat
quality. They have a reddish-
brown coat, long snout, and
erect ears.
Poland China It is known for its large size, Ohio
good meat quality, and black
and white spotted coat. They
have drooping ears, a long body,
and are known for their docile
temperament.
Pietrain It is known for its lean meat and Germany and Poland
rapid growth rate. They have a
distinctive black and white
spotted coat and erect ears, and
are known for their muscular
body type.
Spotted It is known for its high-quality Indiana
meat and distinctive black and
white spotted coat. They are a
medium-sized breed with erect
ears, and are known for their
docile temperament and good
feed efficiency.
Yorkshire It is known for its maternal England
qualities, including large litter
size, good milk production, and

Vision:A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission:Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and
innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 excellent mothering ability.
They have a white, long body,
upright ears, and are known for
their docile temperament and
feed efficiency.
Chester White It is known for its good Pennsylvania
maternal qualities, including
large litters and good milk
production. They have a white,
medium-sized body, drooping
ears, and are known for their
docile temperament and good
feed efficiency.
Berkshire It is known for its excellent England
meat quality, marbling, and
juiciness. They have a black
coat with white points on their
nose, feet, and tail, and erect
ears.

4. Which of the breeds listed in the table above would likely perform well in the
Philippines? (5 points)

There are several breeds of swine that could potentially perform well in the
Philippines, depending on various factors such as climate, feed availability, and market
demand. Here are some examples of swine breeds listed above that could do well in the
Philippines:
a. Landrace - This breed is known for its ability to adapt to different environments
and has good feed conversion rates. They also have a high percentage of lean
meat and a low back fat thickness, which is desirable in many markets.

b. American Yorkshire - This breed of domestic pig that is known for its meat
quality and its ability to produce large litters of piglets. They are also sometimes
called the "Large White"due to their white coloration and larger size.

c. Duroc - Duroc pigs are known for their excellent meat quality, fast growth, and
good feed conversion. They are hardy and can tolerate heat stress well, making them
suitable for the Philippines.

d. Pietrain - Pietrain pigs are known for their leanness and meat quality. They have
good feed conversion and can grow rapidly. However, they are susceptible to stress,
so proper management is necessary.

Ultimately, the choice of breed will depend on a range of factors such as

market demand, feed availability, and climate, among others. It is important to
consider these factors carefully when selecting a breed of swine for a particular
production system.

Vision:A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission:Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and
innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 5. What could possibly be the breeds or parental breeds of the swine raised in the
Department of Animal Science. Base your assumptions on the physical traits you
observed.

There are many breeds and parental breeds of swine that could be raised in the
Department of Animal Science, depending on the goals and objectives of the program. Based
on physical traits observed in the Department of Animal Science, it would be possible to
make assumptions about the breeds or parental breeds of the swine raised. Here are some of
the of the possibly breeds or parental breeds of swine raised in the Department of Animal
Science:

a. Duroc: Known for their reddish-brown color and fast growth rate, Duroc pigs are
often used in crossbreeding programs to improve growth and meat quality.
b. Berkshire: Prized for their flavorful meat and distinctive black-and-white
coloring, Berkshire pigs are popular among chefs and consumers. They are
also known for their docile temperament.
c. Hampshire: Hampshire pigs are large and muscular, with a black body and white
band around their shoulders. They are often used in commercial hog
production due to their rapid growth rate and good meat quality.
d. Yorkshire: Yorkshire pigs are white with erect ears and a long snout. They are
known for their lean meat and high feed conversion efficiency.
e. Landrace: Landrace pigs are long and lean, with a white body and drooping ears.
They are known for their maternal traits, making them popular among
commercial hog producers for breeding purposes.
f. American Yorkshire: This breed is white in color, has erect ears, and is known
for its large size, lean meat, and good mothering ability.

Based on physical traits observed in the Department of Animal Science, it would be

possible to make assumptions about the breeds or parental breeds of the swine raised.
However, a more accurate identification would require a detailed analysis of each pig's
physical characteristics, such as coat color, ear shape, and body type, in addition to pedigree
information.

V. References

National Swine Registry. (n.d.). Breeds of Swine. Retrieved from https://nationalswine.com/re

sources/breeds.php
Oklahoma State University. (2016). Breeds of Swine. Retrieved from https://extension.okstate.
edu/factsheets/breeds-of-swine.html
The Pig Site. (2021). Breeds of Pigs. Retrieved from https://thepigsite.com/articles/breeds-of-
pigs
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2012). Breeds of Livestock - Swine Breeds. Retrieved from
htpps://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/swine/
University of Nebraska - Lincoln. (n.d.). Swine Breeds. Retrieved from https://animalscience
.unl.edu/swine-breeds

Vision:A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission:Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and
innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.