CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY

Don Justo de la Viña Valmayor University Campus

Agriculture's Environmental Impact in the Philippines

A Descriptive Research Presented to the Faculty of

Bachelor of Science in Agribusiness

CPSU Inc.

San Carlos City Negros Occidental

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Agribusiness 1

Bachelor of Science in Agribusiness II

Ma. Kylla A. Fernandez

Stephanie T. Duran

2022
 The Abstract of the Study

Environmental problems have emerged as a global problem in tandem with the growth

of international trade. International trade has the potential to raise environmental externalities

such as cross borders pollution, deforestation, transportation, and production relocation by

circumventing environmental regulations. Agriculture is facing new issues such as feeding the

globe, fulfilling the demand for safe and nutritious food as the world's population grows, cities

expand, and wages rise.

The geology and physiographic of the country are both complex. Although Luzon and

Mindanao feature extensive lowlands, most of the islands' coastal plains are narrow. High relief

characterizes the Philippines as a whole. The steep relief, relatively high precipitation levels,

and frequent intense concentrations of rainfall in short periods due to typhoons all contribute to

serious soil erosion issues. The soils of the Philippines are diverse due to their complicated

geology and geologic history; however they are generally less worn than most humid tropical

soils due to their younger age.

 Table of Contents

Chapter I
Introduction
Objectives
Scope and delimitation
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms

Chapter II
Review of Related Literature

Chapter III
Results
Discussion

Chapter IV
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation

Chapter V
References
 f

Chapter 1

1.1. Introduction

Many events in the global agriculture industry have had, and will continue to have,
irrevocable social, economic, and political consequences—both favorable and negative—over
the last decade. Droughts and other meteorological catastrophes, food shortages, and price
drops owing to the Great Recession of 2008 are all examples of these events. Agribusiness
refers to agriculture that is run on commercial principles and involves the sale of goods and
services, especially when advanced technology is used.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the United States
Department of Agriculture work together to encourage agribusiness development in
underdeveloped countries. Seed and agrichemicals, animal feeds, bio fuels, micro-ingredients,
grain transport and processing, farm machinery, and agriculture in tourism farms are all
examples of agribusiness products. Global warming is a current worry in the Agribusiness
market, which has prompted scientific and public attention to bio fuels derived from crops.
Agribusiness refers to agriculture that is done on commercial principles, particularly when
advanced technology is involved.
Agriculture can have a big environmental impact. While negative effects such as
pollution and deterioration of land, water, and air are important, agriculture can also have a
positive impact on the environment, such as trapping greenhouse gases inside crops and soils
or lowering flood risks through the employment of particular farming practices.

1.2 Objectives

In this study, the aims are to:

 examine and assess progress in developing indicators in OECD (Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development) countries;
 build on previous OECD efforts to develop uniform definitions;
 provide preliminary findings on the state and recent developments in agricultural
environmental conditions; and
 Identify limitations and important problems for future indicator development.
 1.3 Scope and Delimitation

Climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss, dead zones, genetic engineering,

irrigation concerns, pollution, soil degradation, and waste are only a few of the bigger
environmental issues that agriculture contributes to. Horticulture, forestry, conservation, natural
resources, agricultural goods and processing, food and fiber production, aquaculture and other
agricultural products, mechanics, sales and service, economics, marketing, and leadership
development are all topics included in agricultural education.

1.4 Significance of the Study

Agriculture is vital to the survival of any economy. It is the foundation of a country's economic
structure.
Future Agriculture Researcher Robots, temperature and moisture sensors, aerial photographs,
and GPS technology will all be used in the future of agriculture. Farms will be more profitable,
efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly as a result of these modern equipment, precision
agriculture, and robotic systems.
Government have traditionally supported and influenced agricultural output, primarily to help
farmers' livelihoods and ensure food security.
Economic forces shape the agricultural sector's performance and role in the national economy
Agriculture contributes less than 4% of GDP (Gross domestic product) in most OECD
countries, with the United States being the exception. Agriculture's economic importance has
decreased in all countries over the last decade.

1.5 Definition of Terms

The direct influence of socioeconomic activity and natural disasters on the environment
is referred to as environmental impact. The environmental impact of agriculture refers to the
influence that various farming techniques have on the ecosystems in which they operate, as
well as how such effects can be linked to those activities. Agriculture's environmental impact
varies significantly depending on farmer methods and volume of operation.
 The OECD has developed recommendations on how to develop cost-effective
agriculture-environmental policies, how to manage water issues for agriculture, how to deal
with climate change challenges, and how to preserve biodiversity and manage ecosystem
services related to agriculture to help countries improve agricultural sustainability. We've also
gained insight into the potential environmental impact of agriculture policies by identifying policy
misalignments and figuring out how to address both sustainability and productivity growth goals
at the same time.
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Environmental problems have emerged as a global problem in tandem with the growth
of international trade. International trade has the potential to create negative externalities such
as Trans boundary pollution, deforestation, transportation, and manufacturing relocation while
bypassing environmental regulations. Despite the importance of agricultural commerce around
the world, there has been little research on the trade-agriculture-environment nexus. By way of
a thorough literature analysis, this research seeks to provide an overview of the environmental
implications of agricultural trade based on contemporary international economics literature.

Agricultural trade has indirect environmental consequences since it forces farmers to

relocate to marginal regions, resulting in deforestation and soil erosion. The area devoted to
export crops is increasing in many emerging countries. The environmental consequences of
switching to export crops can be large and damaging in some circumstances. The trafficking of
hazardous wastes or endangered animals has clear environmental consequences.
Furthermore, commerce is linked to pollution, associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,
and climate change. Despite the global importance of agricultural trade, most studies on the
environment-trade-agriculture nexus focus on agricultural output as a possible source of
pollution, overlooking the role performed by trade.

In most cases, people wonder how agriculture affects the Philippines. The sector is
critical for inclusive growth, with agriculture serving as the primary economic driver in rural
areas where the majority of Filipinos live (but where poverty incidence remains high).
Agriculture continues to be a key source of employment, employing approximately 36% of the
overall workforce.
 Chapter 3

3.1 Results

Agriculture plays an important role in our environment especially when we talk about
climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss, dead zones, genetic engineering, irrigation
concerns, pollution, soil degradation, and waste. However, they have had unfavorable
environmental implications, including soil erosion, water pollution, groundwater depletion, loss
of natural habitats, and biological diversity loss.

As a result, agriculture places growing strain on the earth's land and water resources,
resulting in land degradation (such as soil erosion and soil salinity) and habitat destruction.
Agriculture contributes to greenhouse gas emissions as well (Kirchmann and Thorvaldsson
2000).

3.2 Discussion

These have also had unfavorable environmental repercussions, including soil erosion,
water pollution, groundwater depletion, loss of natural habitats, and biological diversity loss.
Soil conservation techniques like contour planting and no-till farming serve to prevent soil
erosion by keeping the soil in place during heavy rains or floods, which is becoming more of a
worry as a result of climate change. Philippines' economy is dominated by agriculture. It
employs around 3 million people, or almost 60% of all gainfully employed individuals.
Agricultural operations account for 40 to 45 percent of overall national income and around 75 to
80 percent of exports.

Agriculture is the principal source of income for many rural people, and for many of the
poorest households, it is their sole source of income. The majority of them rely on subsistence
farming and fishing for a living. Farming and fishing have been the Philippines' most important
agricultural sub-sectors due to its topography and tropical environment. Sugarcane, palay or
rice, coconut, and banana output were among the highest in the country, and they were also
among the top export products.
 Chapter 4

4.1 Summary

Depletion of natural resources the overall land area of the country is 30 million acres.
15.0 million of classified alienable and disposable lands, 14.2 million of certified alienable and
disposable lands, forestland, as well as 0.8 million hectares of unclassified forestland. Natural
resource deterioration is exacerbated by a lack of alternative livelihoods, ineffective
environmental management initiatives, and a failure to enforce environmental regulations. The
continued degradation of forests also adds to low yields and low land usage rates, as it results
in an insufficient amount of available land. We all understand the significance of environmental
preservation. To put it another way, we can't dispute the significance of environmental
protection. Human beings are harming the environment in the name of improving their
livelihood. Our ecology is undergoing a lot of devastation in this development era. To prevent
the situation from deteriorating further, immediate action is required. As a result, there is a
global awareness of environmental protection.

4.2 Conclusion

The agricultural sector is critical to the region's economy. As with all other sectors of
the economy, it is transitioning to a market economy, with significant changes in the social,
legal, structural, productive, and supply structures. Sustainable agriculture is advantageous
because it conserves land, eliminates pollution, ensures a steady supply of food, and
strengthens local communities. There is fear that future agricultural output in emerging
countries will pose environmental risks, as production would need to increase to meet rising
food demand. The demand for animal feedstuffs is the link between livestock and crop output.

Sustainable agriculture is a complicated subject that involves providing food while

preserving our biophysical resources, such as soil and water, while minimizing negative effects
on the environment. It should strive to meet today's and tomorrows human requirements with
high-quality food. Soil conservation techniques like contour planting and no-till farming serve to
prevent soil erosion by keeping the soil in place during heavy rains or floods, which is
becoming more of a worry as a result of climate change. The purpose of sustainable agriculture
is to meet society's current food and textile demands without jeopardizing future generations'
ability to meet their own.

4.3 Recommendation

Manila, Philippines In a country with enormous fertile grounds, one would expect a thriving
agricultural sector, but that does not appear to be the case in the Philippines.

Policy, governance, and capacity issues Planning is harmed by institutional fragmentation and
service provision Functions of important government entities are unclear and overlap.
Inadequate planning and monitoring mechanisms have an impact on the efficacy and efficiency
of the organization of service delivery accountability.

Control of landslides, floods, and soil erosion To maintain the soil, there should also be
desertification and tree planting. Terrace farming and the use of natural fertilizers are two other
options. Waste management is a strong tool for environmental protection.

Healthy ecosystems cleans our water, purifies our air, maintains our soil, regulates the climate,
recycles nutrients, and feeds us they supply raw materials and resources for pharmaceuticals
and other uses.

Stop cutting down rain forests for the sake of our lives, the atmosphere, and the homes
of many different species. To rescue the environment from global warming, people should
consume less power and less fossil fuel. To avoid damaging the environment, they should
promote the use of solar lights and wind energy. We can conserve the environment while also
raising people's living standards by implementing waste management methods and wisely
investing economic resources to protect and develop both the environment and people's living
standards.
REFERENCES

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 1993. Sustainable Agriculture

and the Environment in the Humid Tropics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
https://doi.org/10.17226/1985.

Kirchmann and Thorvaldsson 2000

https://www.scirp.org/(S(i43dyn45teexjx455qlt3d2q))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?
referenceid=1323939