EIA Report

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
For the Proposed Modification of Existing Infrastructure

To a capacity of 0.038 T/M
By
NURAY CHEMICALS PRIVATE LIMITED

S.F.Nos: 157 & 158
Kakkalur Village
Thiruvallur Taluk
Thiruvallur District.
TAMIL NADU.
Category ‘B’
Environmental Clearance under EIA Notification 2006
Report Prepared by
TEAM LABS AND CONSULTANTS

B-115, Annapurna Block
Aditya Enclave, Ameerpet,
Hyderabad – 500 038
(QCI/NABET approval as per MoEF O.M J-11013/77/2004 –IA-II(I) dt
30.09.2011)
List ‘A’ –No: 92
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................... 1
1.1.1.1 Scope of EIA ......................................................................................... 6
1.1.1.2 Methodology for EIA ............................................................................ 6
1.1.1.3 Study Period ......................................................................................... 8
1.1.1.4 Air Environment ................................................................................... 8
1.1.1.5 Noise Environment ............................................................................... 8
1.1.1.6 Water Environment............................................................................... 9
1.1.1.7 Land Environment ................................................................................ 9
1.1.1.8 Eco-system ........................................................................................... 9
1.1.1.9 Socio-Economic Environment ............................................................... 9
CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................... 10
CHAPTER 3. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ......................... 35
3.1. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY .............................................................. 46
3.1.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards ........................................................... 46
3.1.2 Selection of sampling location ............................................................ 49
3.1.3 Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) .................................................. 49
3.1.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) ........................................................................ 49
3.1.5 Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2) ................................................................... 49
3.1.6 Carbon Monoxide (CO) ...................................................................... 50
3.1.7 Noise Environment ............................................................................. 54
3.1.8 Ambient Noise Standards.................................................................... 54
3.1.9 Identification of Sampling Locations .................................................. 55
3.2. WATER QUALITY.......................................................................... 58
3.3. SOIL QUALITY ............................................................................... 62
3.3.1 Data Generation ................................................................................. 62
3.3.2 Baseline Soil Status ............................................................................ 64
3.4. LAND ENVIRONMENT ................................................................. 67
3.4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 67
3.4.2 Topography ........................................................................................ 67
3.4.3 Drainage ............................................................................................ 67
3.5. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................... 67
3.5.1 Biological Environment Assessment ................................................... 67
3.6. TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY ........................................................... 74
3.7. SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT .......................................... 74
CHAPTER 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS &

MITIGATION MEASURES ......................................................................... 78
4.1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 78
4.2. POTENTIAL IMPACTS ......................................................................... 78
4.2.1 Prediction of Impacts ......................................................................... 79
4.3. IMPACTS DUE TO CONSTRUCTION PHASE .......................................... 79
4.3.1 Land Transportation and Construction............................................... 80
4.3.2 Land Use ............................................................................................ 80
4.3.3 Water Resources and Water Quality ................................................... 80
4.3.4 Air Quality.......................................................................................... 81
4.3.5 Biological Conditions ......................................................................... 81
4.3.6 Transportation System ........................................................................ 82
4.3.7 Noise .................................................................................................. 82
4.3.8 Community Structure .......................................................................... 82
4.3.9 Accident Risk ...................................................................................... 82
4.3.10 Resources ........................................................................................... 82
4.3.11 Impact during Construction ................................................................ 83
4.4. OPERATIONAL PHASE ........................................................................ 83
4.4.1 Land Transportation and Construction............................................... 83
4.4.2 Water Resources ................................................................................. 85
4.4.3 Water Impact ...................................................................................... 86
4.4.4 Air Environment ................................................................................. 87
4.4.5 Transportation System ........................................................................ 87
4.4.6 Noise Impact....................................................................................... 88
4.4.7 Aesthetics ........................................................................................... 88
4.4.8 Impact on Flora and Fauna ................................................................ 88
4.4.9 Impact on Safety ................................................................................. 88
4.4.10 Socio-Economic Environment ............................................................. 89
4.5. POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .................................. 89
4.6. NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS................................ 89
CHAPTER 5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ....................................... 90
5.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 90
CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ...... 90
6.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ........................................ 92
6.2. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE OF MITIGATION MEASURES ................. 93
6.3. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ........................................................ 95
6.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CELL ............................................... 96
6.5. POST PROJECT MONITORING SCHEDULE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PARAMETERS ................................................................................................... 96
6.6. MONITORING EQUIPMENTS AND CONSUMABLES ................................ 97
6.7. BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ....... 98
CHAPTER 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES ........... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT
DEFINED.
CHAPTER 8. PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................ 108
8.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 108
8.2. BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT ............................................................... 108
8.2.1 Employment ...................................................................................... 108
8.3. OPERATION PHASE........................................................................... 109
8.3.1 Population ........................................................................................ 109
8.3.2 Education and Awareness Programme ............................................. 109
8.3.3 Employment ...................................................................................... 109
8.4. ACTION PLAN FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT .............................. 109
8.4.1 CORPORATE ENVIRONEMNTAL POLICY (CREP) ....................... 109
8.4.2 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES ................................... 110
CHAPTER 9. ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS ......... 112
CHAPTER 10. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .................. 113
10.1 INTRODUCTION ......... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
CHAPTER 11. SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS ...................................... 117
CHAPTER 12. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED .......... 136
Draft EIA report for Nuray Chemicals , (Pharmaceutical Unit) Thiruvallur District, Tamilnadu
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
Nuray Chemical Private Limited, proposed to establish a pharmaceutical unit

with the capacity of 0.038 T/M at S.F. Nos. 157 & 158 Kakkalur Village,
Thiruvallur Taluk, Thiruvallur District, which is located 3 km away from
Thiruvallur town. It is in-between the road connecting Thiruvallur and Avadi.
The site is located southern direction of this road. The nearest railway station is
Thiruvallur.
1.1 About the Company
M/s. Nuray Chemicals Private Limited has purchased the existing unit of
M/s.Fischer Chemic Limited.
M/s. Fischer Chemic Limited already has a valid consent order from TNPCB
(Vide No. F.TLR0087/US/DEE/TNPCB/TLR/W/2012 dated 03.07.2012 valid
up to 30.06.2013). M/s. Nuray Chemicals Private Limited now proposed to go
for small modifications with existing building structures with the capacity of
0.038 T/M at S.F. Nos. 157 & 158, Kakkalur Village, Thiruvallur Taluk,
Thiruvallur District, which is located 3 km away from Thiruvallur town. It is in-
between the road connecting Thiruvallur and Avadi. The site is located
southern direction of this road. The nearest railway station is Thiruvallur.
(i) EMPLOYMENT GENERATION (DIRECT AND INDIRECT) DUE TO THE

PROJECT
The proposed unit will have the strength of 50 people for its normal activity.
1
1.2 Need for the project
The Indian pharmaceutical industry ranks among the top five countries by
volume (production) and accounts for about 10% of global production. The
industry’s turnover has grown from a mere US$ 0.3 bn in 1980 to about US$
21.73 bn in 2009-10. Low cost of skilled manpower and innovation are some of
the main factors supporting this growth. According to the Department of
Pharmaceuticals, the Indian pharmaceutical industry employs about 340,000
people and an estimated400,000 doctors and 300,000 chemists.
The Indian pharmaceutical industry ranks 14th in the world by value of

pharmaceutical products. With a well-established domestic manufacturing base
and low-cost skilled manpower, India is emerging as a global hub for pharma
products and the industry continues to be on a growth trajectory. Moreover,
India is significantly ahead in providing chemistry services such as analogue
preparation, analytical chemistry and structural drug design, which will provide
it ample scope in contract research and other emerging segments in the
pharmaceutical industry. Some of the major factors that would drive growth in
the industry are as follows:
Increase in domestic demand: More than half of India‘s population does not
have access to advanced medical services, as they usually depend on traditional
medicine practices. However, with increase in awareness levels, rising per
capita income, change in lifestyle due to urbanisation and increase in literacy
levels, demand for advanced medical treatment is expected to rise. Moreover,
growth in the middle class population would further influence demand for
pharmaceutical products.
Rise in outsourcing activities: Increase in the outsourcing business to India

would also drive growth of the Indian pharmaceutical industry. Some of the
2
factors that are likely to influence clinical data management and bio-statistics
markets in India in the near future include
1) cost efficient research vis-à-vis other countries
2) highly-skilled labour base
3) cheaper cost of skilled labour
4) presence in end-to-end solutions across the drug-development
spectrum
5) robust growth in the IT industry.
Growth in healthcare financing products: Development in the Indian financial

industry has eased healthcare financing with introduction of products such as
health insurance policy, life insurance policy and cashless claims. This has
resulted in increase in healthcare spending, which in turn, has benefitted the
pharmaceutical industry
.
Demand in the generics market: During 2008-2015, prescription drugs worth

about US$ 300 bn are expected to go off patent, mostly from the US. Prior
experience of Indian pharmaceutical companies in generic drugs would provide
an edge to them.
Demand from emerging segments: Some of the emerging segments such as

contract research and development, bio-pharma, clinical trials, bio-generics,
medical tourism and pharma packaging are also expected to drive growth of the
Indian pharmaceutical industry.
3
1.3 Environmental Clearance Process
In terms of the Notification dated 14th September 2006, as amended on

December 2009, of the MoEF, Industrial projects are categorized under
Category A & B based on production capacity in the Schedule, including
expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities, shall require
prior environmental clearance from the Central Government in the Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF) on the recommendations of an Expert
Appraisal Committee (EAC) to be constituted by the Central Government for
the purposes of this notification;
Project or Category with Threshold Limit

Activity Category – A Category – B
Thermal ≥500MW <500MW
Power (Coal/Lignite/Naphtha & Gas Coal/Lignite/Naphtha & Gas
Plants based) based)
≥ 50 MW (Pet Coke Diesel and <50MW ≥ 5MW (Pet Coke

all other fuels including Diesel and all other fuels
refinery residual oil waste including refinery residual oil
except Biomass)* waste except Biomass)*
<20MW >15MW (based on
≥20MW (based on Biomass or Biomass or non hazardous
non hazardous municipal waste municipal waste as fuel)*
as fuel)*
*Note: (i) Power plants up to 15 MW based on Biomass using auxiliary fuel
such as Coal. Lignite/ Petroleum products upto 15% are exempt (ii) Power
plants upto 15 MW, based on non hazardous municipal and using auxiliary fuel
such as Coal. Lignite/ Petroleum products upto 15% are exempt (iii) Power
plants using waste heat boiler without any auxiliary fuel are exempt
General Condition shall apply
"Any project or activity specified in Category 'B' will be treated as Category 'A'
if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of: (i) Protected
areas notified under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972; (ii) Critically polluted
areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time; (iii)
Eco-sensitive areas as notified under section 3 of the Environment (Protection)
Act, 1986, such as, Mahabaleswar Panchangi, Matheran, Pachmarhi, Dahanu,
Doon Valley and (iv) inter-state boundaries and international boundaries
4
Provided that the requirement regarding distance of 10km of the inter-state

boundaries can be reduced or completely done away with by an agreement
between the respective states or U.Ts sharing the common boundary in the case
the activity does not fall within 10 kilometers of the areas mentioned at item (i),
(ii) and (iii) above
The environmental clearance process for new projects will comprise of a

maximum of three stages. These three stages in sequential order are:
Stage (1)- Scoping
'Scoping' refers to the process by which the EAC in the case of Category 'A'
projects or activities, including applications for expansion and/or modernization
and/or change in product mix of existing projects or activities, determine
detailed and comprehensive TOR addressing all relevant environmental
concerns for the preparation of an EIA report in respect of the project or activity
for which prior environmental clearance is sought. The EAC concerned should
determine the ToR on the basis of information furnished in the prescribed
application Form 1 including ToR proposed by the applicant, a site visit by a
sub-group of EAC concerned only if considered necessary by the EAC
concerned and other information that may be available with the EAC concerned.
Stage (2) - Public consultation

“Public consultation" refers to the process by which the concerns of local
affected persons and others who have plausible stake in the environmental
impact of the project or activity are ascertained with a view to taking into
account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as appropriate.
After completion of the public consultation, the applicant shall address all the
material environmental concerns expressed during this process, and make
appropriate changes in the draft EIA and EMP. The final EIA report, so
prepared, shall be submitted by the applicant to the concerned regulatory
authority for appraisal. The applicant may alternatively submit a supplementary
report to draft EIA and EMP addressing all the concerns expressed during the
public consultation.
Stages (3) – Appraisal

Detailed scrutiny by the EAC of the application and other document like the
Final EIA report, outcome of the public consultations including public hearing
proceedings, submitted by the applicant to the regulatory authority concerned
5
for grant of EC
1.1.1 Methodology of EIA
The EIA study encompasses the area within 10 km radius of the project.
1.1.1.1 Scope of EIA

The scope of study includes detailed characterization of existing status of
environment in the study area for various environmental components viz. air,
noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic components and other
parameters of interest. The envisaged scope of EIA is as follows:
 To assess the present status of air, noise, water, land, biological and
socio- economic components of environment.
 Identification and quantification of significant impacts from project
operations on various components of environment.
 Evaluation of pollution control facilities.
 Preparation of sound Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) outlining
additional control technologies to be adopted for mitigation of adverse
impacts, if any.
1.1.1.2 Methodology for EIA

The methodology is based on existing guidelines and has the following distinct
features.
 The existing environmental quality in the project area has to be assessed.
 Potential sources of pollution have to be identified.
 Potential environmental impacts have to be identified and assessed
qualitatively. The changes in the quality of environment have to be
identified.
6
 An REIA has to be drawn up to maintain and enhance the environmental

quality around the proposed project area.
 A post-project environment monitoring plan has to be suggested to
monitor the changes in environmental quality after the implementation of
the project.
 Potential benefits of REIA have to be discussed.
The Environment (Protection)

Act 1986 & Environmental
(Protection) Rule 1986
Air (Prevention Water Water CPCB Public

& Control of (Prevention & (Prevention & notification S- Liability
Pollution) Act Control of Control of O-384 (E) dated Insurance
1981 as Pollution) Act Pollution) Cess Juneil 11, 1994 Act 1991.
amended in 1974 and Act 1977, as on National
1987 amended in 1978, amended in Ambient Air
1988 1991 Quality
Standard.
EIA Notification S.O.1533 dated 14th

September 2006 and revised
notification S.O.3067 (E), dated 1st
December 2009.
EIA Report
Getting Environmental
Clearance from
SEIAA/ MoEF
7
1.1.1.3 Study Period
For preparation of EIA report for the proposed pharmaceutical unit Nuray
Chemicals Private Limited, the baseline data was collected during April to June
2013 in the study area. The meteorological parameters like Wind speed, wind
direction, Minimum & Maximum temperatures and relative humidity, which were
collected from IMD station, Nungabakkam, Chennai
1.1.1.4 Air Environment
For the environmental impact studies, an area covering 10 km radial distance

surrounding the project is identified as study area (Impact Zone). The studies were
carried out on each individual components were briefly reported below and the
details are reported in subsequent chapters.
The topographical information on project site, study area and details about
different activities related to the project operation was collected. Different air
pollution parameters like PM10 and PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 etc., were identified as
related to the project activities for representing baseline status of ambient air
quality within the study area.
Pre-calibrated High Volume Sampler with Respirable Dust Sampling (RDS)

facility has been used for monitoring all the air pollutants.
1.1.1.5 Noise Environment
Excessive noise levels cause an adverse effect on human beings and associated
environment including domestic animals, wild life, natural eco-system and
structures. Hence noise survey is carried out at the project site and nearby
locations. Noise levels (A-Weighted) were measured by using precision sound
level meter. The principle of propagation of sound waves was used to estimate the
noise levels at various locations.
8
1.1.1.6 Water Environment
Information on water resources in the study area was collected. The water resource
in the study area mainly comprises of groundwater, surface water sources etc. The
parameters of prime importance for water quality studies were selected under
physical and chemical groups etc. and were analyzed. Samples were collected at
different locations in the study area.
1.1.1.7 Land Environment
Soil samples were collected from the project site, not only at its immediate vicinity
but also in the surrounding locations in study area. Physico-chemical properties of
the soils were analyzed. Information on land use pattern in the study area was also
collected.
1.1.1.8 Eco-system
Information on eco-system within study area was collected from the State
Agricultural and Forest departments. The important flora species native to the area
is enumerated. A test check survey was also under taken to judge the correctness
of the data collected.
1.1.1.9 Socio-Economic Environment
A field survey was conducted within study area of the site and the surrounding
impact zone. The parameters selected under socio-economic component were
demographic structure of the study area, provision of basic amenities, industries
likely to come up in the study area, welfare facilities by the project proponent,
safety training and management, community and occupational health hazards.
Relevant information was collected from selected locations and analyzed.
9
Chapter 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.0 Project description
Nuray Chemical Private Limited, proposed to establish a pharmaceutical unit

with the capacity of 0.038 T/M at S.F. Nos. 157 & 158 Kakkalur Village,
Thiruvallur Taluk, Thiruvallur District.
2.1 Plant Location
Nuray Chemicals Private Limited, proposed to establish a pharmaceutical unit

with the capacity of 0.038 T/M at S.F. Nos. 157 & 158, Kakkalur Village,
Thiruvallur Taluk, Thiruvallurr District, which is located 3km away from
Thiruvallur town. It is in-between the road connecting Thiruvallur – Avadi. The
site is located southern direction of this road. The nearest railway station is
Thiruvallur.
PROJECT SUMMARY
Promoter Nuray chemicals Private Limited
(Pharmaceutical unit)
Location S.F.Nos : 157 158
Village: Kakkalur
Taluk: Thiruvallur
District : Thiruvallur
State: Tamil Nadu.
Geographical Latitude : 13o 07’52”N
Location
Longitude : 79O 55’52”E
Mean Sea Level 145 feet
(MSL)
Land Use SIDCO Industrial Area
Classification
10
Plant Capacity 0.038 T/M

Source of water SIDCO water supply
Nearest Town Thiruvallur (3 Km from the project site)
Populated areas Thiruvallur (3 Km from the project site)
Land available 0.749 Hectares
Project Cost Rs. 12.88 Crores
2.1.1 Land use planning
Building area 0.375 Hectare
Road Area 0.136 Hectare
Green belt area 0.190 Hectare
Vacant area 0.048 Hectare
Total area 0.749 Hectare
The micrometeorological conditions prevailing in the region are as follows:
Predominant wind direction : W/SW (Quadrants)

Wind speed : 13 kmph (Mean 6.1 kmph)
Temperature : Max 40.30C and Min 20.80C
Relative Humidity : Max 88% and Min 54%
Rainfall : Max 1128.2mm
Seismic Zone : II (Low intensity zone-VI or less)
11
Seismic Zone Intensity on MM scale

II (Low intensity zone) VI (or less)
III (Moderate intensity zone) VII
IV (Severe intensity zone) VIII
V (Very severe intensity zone) IX (and above)
2.2 Soil classification and Quality
The Plant site is located in Deep, well drained, gravelly clay soils. The pH of
the samples collected in the study area, were found in neutral range. Electrical
Conductivity of the samples were ranging from 291 to 1269 mmhos/cm. NPK
values were found to be present in significant concentrations. Water content was
monitored in the range 1.8-9.0%. The soil texture was clay loam in nature. The
12
rate of infiltration was ranging from 1-5 mm/hr. In general, the soil in the study
area would support vegetation if modified suitably.
2.3 Hydro Geology
The Study area forms part of the porous formations of the tertiary period,
aquifers can be grouped into shallow aquifers with zones within the depth of
100 m bgl and deeper aquifers between the depth range of 100 – 450 m bgl. In
other places, the granular zones are present between 60 – 100 m depth. In case
of deeper aquifers, the exploration has revealed that the presence of 2 to 22
aquifer zone with a total thickness varying between 21.43 and 314.5 m.
2.4 Connectivity
 Railways
The nearest railway station is at Thiruvallur.
 Roads
The site is connected by the Thiruvallur – Avadi road. The necessary
transportation can be done by this route.
 Airways
The nearest airport is at Chennai around 30 Km away from the project

site.
 Communication
Already this area is well connected with the district head quarters
Thiruvallur. So there will not be any constraints for communications like
telephone, telefax, telex etc.
13
SITE DETAILS
Distance from Nuray Chemicals Private Limited
Regulatory
Description Actual Distance
Requirements
Coastal areas 47 km (Bay of Bengal) >25 km
Railway Station 1.1 km 0.5 km
Highway 2.1 km 100 m
Ecologically Sensitive
NIL >25.0 km
Areas
Industries nearby Nuray Chemicals Private Limited

Name of the Industry Location and Type of Industry/Product
Distance
14
Tamilnadu State Map showing Thiruvallur District and

The Project Site
Thiruvallur District Map
Project site
15
Topo Map of the Project site (10 km Radius)
16
Topo Map of the Project Site (5 km Radius)
17
Google Map of the Project site
18
PLANT LAYOUT
19
2.5 Raw materials
Quantity
S.No. Name of the Raw Material Category
(T/M)
1 Ferric Chloride hexahydrate 0.003 Hazard

Non
2 Citric acid monohydrate 0.006
Hazard
3 Acetonitrile 0.009 Hazard
4 Acetone 0.05 Hazard

Non
5 Tramadol Base 0.007
Hazard
6 Iso Propyl alcohol 0.022 Hazard
7 Dry HCl 0.04 Hazard
2-{4-[(4-Chloro-phenyl)-phenyl-methyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-
8 0.06 Hazard
ethanol
9 Sodiummonochloroacetate 0.002 Hazard
10 Toluene 0.106 Hazard
11 Sodium Hydroxide 0.001 Hazard

Non
12 Phenyl Butyric acid 0.004
Hazard
Non
13 Glycerol 0.001
Hazard
Non
14 PTSA 0.002
Hazard
15 7-(4-Chloro-butoxy)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (7 CBQ) 0.005 Hazard
1-(2,3-Dichloro-phenyl) Non
16 0.001
-piperazine.Hydrochloride (DCCP) Hazard
Non
17 Isopropyl alcohol 0.004
Hazard
18 5-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidinone 0.001 Hazard
20
19 Triethylamine 0.0003 Hazard
Non
20 Tetra hydro Pyrido indol-1one 0.0002
Hazard
21 Dimethylsulphate 0.0002 Hazard
22 Methyl imidazole methanol HCl 0.0001 Hazard
Non
23 N-Methyl pyrrolidinone 0.0007
Hazard
Non
24 Sodium bicarbonate 0.0002
Hazard
2.5 Man Power
The proposed unit will have the strength of 50 people for its normal activity.
2.6 Source of Water/ Energy and Power requirement
The total requirement of raw water for the proposed unit will be 15 KLD. The
entire raw water for the unit is to be met from SIDCO water supply.
WATER REQUIREMENT
Quantity
S.No. Source
(in KLD)
1 Boiler Make up 7.5
2 Cooling make up 6.0
3 Purified make up 10.0
4 Domestic 2.5
5 Greenbelt 1.5
Total Water Requirement 27.5
Less : Recycled water from RO plant &
12.5
mechanical evaporator
Actual water requirement 15
21
(i) Project description with Process Details
(1) Ferric Citrate Hydrate
a. Process details
 Citric acid was added to a stirred solution of Ferric hydroxide in water at

80Degree Centigrade for 2 hours.
 Reaction mass was cooled to Room Temperature and hen Acetonitrile
added to get crude Ferric Citrate
 The Crude Ferric Citrate was purified by using Acetonea
a. Flow Chart
Ferric chloride hexahydrate

Citric acid monohydrate
Water
Reaction
Acetonitrile
Precipitation
Crude Ferric citrate salt
22
Crude ferric citrate
Acetone
Ferric citrate salt
Packing
(2) Tramadol Hydrochloride:
a. Process details:
 The solution of Tramadol base in Isopropyl alcohol is reacted with Dry Hydrochloric
acid at room temperature to afford solid
 The solid again washed with isopropyl alcohol and suck dried to give Tramadol
Hydrochloride
23
b Flow Chart:
Tramadol Base
Reaction
Dry HCL
Drying
Isopropylaclcohol
Tramadol Hydrochloride salt
Packing
(3) Cetirizine dihydrochloride:
a. Process Details:
 2-{4-[(4-Chloro-phenyl)-phenyl-methyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanol was taken in toluene
 Toluene solution reacted with sodium mono chloroacetate in presence of sodium

hydroxide to give cetirizine base
 Ceitrizine base in acetone is treated with dry Hydrochloride gas to yield Cetirizine
hydrochloride salt
24
b. Flow Chart:
2-{4-[(4-Chloro-phenyl)-
Phenyl-methyl]-
Piperazin-1-yl}-
Ethanol
Sodium mono
Chloroacetate Reaction
Sodium Hydroxide Extraction
Toluene
Water
Crude Cetirizine
Crude cetirizine
Acetone
Purification
Dry HCl
Drying
Cetirizinedi Hydrochloride
Packing
25
(4) Glycerol phenyl butyrate
a. Process Details:
 To a stirred solution of Phenyl butyric acid in toluene, P-toluene sulfonic acid was
added at room temperature and stirred
 To that solution Glycerol was added and heated to 120°C for 24 h, cooled to room
temperature.
 Solvent distilled to get Glycerol Phenyl butyrate
B Flow Chart :
Phenyl butyric acid

Glycerol
Toluene Reaction
Water
PTSA Extraction
Distillation
Drying
Glycerol phenyl butyrate
Packing
(5) Aripirazole:
a. Process Details:
 To a stirred solution of 7-(4-Chloro-butoxy)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one in toluene
 Sodium hydroxide was added at RT and then 1-(2, 3-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazine was

added and Stirred for about 6h
 Toluene Distilled to get crude Aripirazole, which was further purified by isopropyl
alcohol
26
b. Flow sheet
7 CBQ
DCCP
Reaction
Sodium Hydroxide
Extraction
Toluene
Water
Crude Aripirazole
Crude Aripiprazole
Isopropyl alcohol
Purification
Drying
Aripirazole
Packing
27
(6) Vigabatrin
a. Process Details:
 To a stirred solution of 5-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone in water, Hydrochloric acid was added

and heated to 60° C for 4h
 Reaction mass cooled to RT, Isopropyl alcohol was added and layer separated
 Isopropyl alcohol was distilled to get crude
 crystallized with isopropyl alcohol to get vigabatrin
b. Flow Chart
5-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidionone
Reaction
Dry HCl
Extraction
Toluene
Distillation
Water
Crude Vigabatrin
Crude Vigabatrin
Isopropyl alcohol
Dry HCl
Vigabatrin
Packing
28
(7) Alosetron
a. Process Details:
 Tetra hydro Pyridoindol-1-one was taken in acetone, sodium hydroxide and

water stirred for 30mins.
 Dimethylsulphate was added and stirred for 2hrs. Water and formed solid
Filtered to get N-Methyl- Tetra hydro Pyridoindol-1-one
 N-Methyl- Tetra hydro Pyridoindol-1-one and Methyl imidazole methanol HCl

condensed in presence of N-Methylpyrrolidione, PTSA to get Alosetron
 Formed Alosetron treated with Dry Hydrochloric acid in presence of Acetone

to get Alosetron Hydrochloride salt.
b .Flow Chart
Tetra hydro Pyridonindol-1-one
Dimethyl sulphate
Water
Reaction
Sodium Hyroxide
Acetone
Step-1
29
Methyl imidazole
Methanol HCL
Step-1
Reaction
N-Methylpyrrolidione
Neutralization
Water
Salt Formation
PTSA
Alosetron Hydrochloride
Packing
30
Production Capacity
Capacity
S.No. Product Name Type Application
(T/M)
Ferric Citrate Hyperphosphatemia (Increase the

1 0.01
hydrate phosphate level in the blood)
Tramadol
2 0.01 Analgesic (Pain)
Hydrochloride
Cetirizine
3 0.01 Allergy & Fever
dihydrochloride
Glycerol Phenyl Bulk

4 0.004 Drug Urea cycle disorders
butrate
5 Aripiprazole 0.001 Antipsychotic agent
6 Vigabatrin 0.001 Antiepileptic drug
7 Alosetron 0.002 Irritable bowel syndrome
Quantity of Wastes to be generated
2.6.1 Wastewater Generation
Quantity
Category 3 Method of treatment and Disposal
(m /day)
Waste water from

4.0
Process
Treated by the Effluent Treatment Plant followed by the
R.O. Plant Stage I & II and R.O. Reject evaporated by
Waste water from the Mechanical Evaporator.
4.0
Washing
31
Boiler Blow down 2.0
Cooling tower
1.0
bleed off
Back Wash of
Purified Water 2.0
System
Sewage 2.0 Disposed through septic tank with dispersion trench.
32
2.6.2 Water Balance Diagram
2.6.3 Solid waste Generation
S.No. Particulars Quantity Mode of Use
(a) Non-Hazardous Waste
200
1. General Scrap Sold out.
kg/M
2. Ash from Boiler 10 kg/M Used as manure
(b) Hazardous Waste
500 Collected, stored and disposed to TSDF for

1. Sludge from ETP
kg/M landfill.
33
150
2. Salt from Evaporator
kg/M
Residue from Solvent Collected, stored and disposed to TSDF for

3. 15 kg/M
distillation incineration.
150
4. Waste Oil Disposed through authorized recyclers.
kg/M
2.6.4 Air Pollution Control measures
S.
Description Air Pollution Control Measures
No.
Wood Fired
1 Boiler 15 m height and 0.2 m dia of common stack
(0.5 T/hr)-2 Nos.
D.G.Set (125 7 m height and 0.15 m dia of exhaust pipe with

2
KVA) acoustic measures
2.7 Noise Pollution
Noise pollution from turbine, fans, centrifugal pumps, electric motors etc., shall
be kept below the permissible level of 90 dB at 1mt away from the source by
proper design. Noise from safety valves, start up vents steam jet ejectors of
condenser etc., are reduced by providing silencers at the outlet of down steam
piping.
34
Chapter 3. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
3 Existing Environmental Status
With rapid strides in economic development, particularly in urban areas, the need
for rationalizing and upgrading the transport system is imperative. In the process
of development, there has been intensive use of natural resources. Very often the
process of development has adversely affected the environment, leading to
ecological imbalances. The importance of conserving and enhancing the
environmental assets has assumed urgency. Apart from land use, conservation of
flora and fauna and planning urban transportation is an important aspect of eco
development. The compilation of environmental baseline data is essential to
assess the impact on environment due to the project activities. The environment
includes water, land, air, ecology, noise, socio – economic issues etc. The
information presented in the chapter has been collected from desk research, other
secondary sources and field studies. Majority of data on water quality, vegetation,
air and noise quality was collected during field studies in Juneil to June 2013.
Environmental Component
Considering the environmental setting of the project, project activities and their
interaction, environmental regulations and standards, following Environmental
attributes have been included for the EIA study. Study Area will be covering 10
km Radius from project boundary.
 Site specific micrometeorological data for the parameters Wind Speed &
direction, Temperature, Humidity, Cloud Cover and Rainfall.
35
 Ambient Air Quality (at 8 locations) for the parameters: PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
and NO2.
 Noise Level Measurements at 8 Locations for both Leq-Day and Leq-Night
values.
 Water Quality-both Surface Waters and Ground Waters (8 Locations) for
IS: 10500 Norms.
 Soil Quality (8 Locations) for Textural & Physical Parameters, Nutrients,
etc.
 Present & Post-project Land Use Pattern based on Satellite Imagery.
 Biotic Attributes: Flora & Fauna -Core zone & Buffer zone-Diversity
Index.
 Socio-Economic Profile (2001 Census): Total Population, Household Size,
Age, Gender Composition, SC/ST, Literacy Level, Occupational Structure,
etc.
Sampling Locations
Locations of sampling stations for micrometeorology, air, noise, and water and
soil quality are presented in Fig 3.1 - 3.3 respectively.
Micrometeorology
As a part of the study, the micrometeorology and microclimatic parameters were

recorded by installing a weather monitoring station in the Plant site at 9 m height.
Data of wind velocity, wind direction, ambient temperature, relative humidity,
cloud cover and atmospheric pressure were recorded at hourly intervals along
with rainfall for 24 hours throughout the monitoring period.
36
Micrometeorological Data (On Project Area)
Meteorological Data-Project Site

For the month ofApril 2013
Temperature Relative Wind
o Wind Rain
( C) Humidity Direction
S.No. Date Velocity Fall in
Min
(Km/hr) mm
Max Min Max % %
1 1-June-13
2 2-June-13
3 3-June-13
4 4-June-13
5 5-June-13
6 6-June-13
7 7-June-13
8 8-June-13
9 9-June-13
10 10-June-13
11 11-June-13
12 12-June-13
13 13-June-13
14 14-June-13
15 15-June-13
16 16-June-13
17 17-June-13
18 18-June-13
19 19-June-13
20 20-June-13
21 21-June-13
22 22-June-13
23 23-June-13
24 24-June-13
25 25-June-13
26 26-June-13
27 27-June-13
28 28-June-13
29 29- June-13
30 30-June- 13
37

For the month of May 2013
Temperature Relative Wind
Wind Rain
(oC) Humidity Direction
S.No. Date Velocity Fall in
Min (Km/hr) mm
Max Min Max % %
1 1-May-13
2 2-May-13
3 3-May-13
4 4-May-13
5 5-May-13
6 6-May-13
7 7-May-13
8 8-May-13
9 9-May-13
10 10-May-13
11 11-May-13
12 12-May-13
13 13-May-13
14 14-May-13
15 15-May-13
16 16-May-13
17 17-May-13
18 18-May-13
19 19-May-13
20 20-May-13
21 21-May-13
22 22-May-13
23 23-May-13
24 24-May-13
25 25-May-13
26 26-May-13
27 27-May-13
28 28-May-13
29 29-May-13
30 30-May-13
31 31-May-13
38

For the month of June 2013
Temperature Relative Wind Rain
o
( C) Humidity Direction Wind Fall
Min From-- Velocity in
S.No. Date Max Min Max % % >To (Km/hr) mm
1 1--13
2 2-June-13
3 3-June-13
4 4-June-13
5 5-June-13
6 6-June-13
7 7-June-13
8 8-June-13
9 9-June-13
10 10-June-13
11 11-June-13
12 12-June-13
13 13-June-13
14 14-June-13
15 15-June-13
16 16-June-13
17 17-June-13
18 18-June-13
19 19-June-13
20 20-June-13
21 21-June-13
22 22-June-13
23 23-June-13
24 24-June-13
25 25-June-13
26 26-June-13
27 27-June-13
28 28-June-13
29 29-June-13
30 30-June-13
39
Temperature
The average daily maximum and minimum temperature for each of the 12 months
for the period of 2008-2011 recorded at IMD Station, Nungabakkam has been
furnished in the Table 3.2.
May is the hottest month with maximum temperature of 40.3. December is the
coolest month with minimum temperature of 20.80C.
Rainfall
The rainfall data collected for the period from 2008 to 2011 are presented in
Table 3.2. While the predominant rainy season is the north-east monsoon (Oct –
Dec). The region is also influenced to some extent by south-west monsoon (June
- Sep). While maximum rainfall of 1128.7 mm is received during the month of
November 2009, the minimum of traces is received during June& July. Monthly
average rain fall & yearly average rainfall are shown in Table 3.2.
The wind rose diagram for Nungabakkam region has been obtained from IMD
station, Chennai. The morning (08:30) and evening (17:30) wind roses for the
period are shown in the Fig.3.5.1 and Fig.3.5.2 respectively.
Wind Speed
The minimum average speed was 5 km/h and the maximum average speed was 13
km/h is presented in Table 3.2. The Pasquill stability class for wind speed is
given in Table 3.1.
40
Table 3.1 Pasquill Stability Class
Day Night
Surface Wind
Speed (m/s) Incoming Solar Radiation
(at 10m) Thinly overcast or ≤ 3/8
Strong Moderate Slight
≥4/8 low cloud cloud
<2 A A-B B E F
2-3 A-B B C E F
3-5 B B-C C D E
5-6 C C-D D D D
>6 C D D D D
Note: A = extremely unstable, B = moderately unstable, C = slightly unstable, D

= neutral, E = slightly stable, F = moderately stable. Neutral class D should be
assumed for overcast conditions during day or night.
41
Table 3.2 Meteorological Data

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
STATION: CHENNAI (NUNGAMBAKKAM)
PERIOD: JANUARY 2003 TO 2011
1. ELEMENT: MONTHLY MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEG C)
YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
2003 29.9 31.5 33.2 35.3 39.0 39.1 34.8 34.5 35.3 33.1 30.8 29.9
2004 29.5 30.8 33.3 35.6 35.5 36.9 35.9 36.9 33.7 31.9 30.4 30.2
2005 30.6 32.1 33.6 34.0 37.3 38.3 36.2 35.8 34.9 32.0 29.4 28.6
2006 31.9 31.5 33.2 36.3 38.0 37.4 37.1 37.5 35.1 34.6 31.8 29.9
2007 30.4 31.2 32.9 34.6 39.2 35.8 35.3 34.0 34.2 32.7 30.9 29.5
2008 29.8 31.4 32.3 34.9 40.3 37.2 36.4 34.5 34.5 32.3 30.8 30.1
2009 30.1 32.2 34.1 36.3 38.4 39.3 37.8 35.7 35.0 34.3 30.4 29.0
2010 29.9 31.3 33.9 35.4 36.6 35.3 33.7 33.6 33.0 33.4 30.7 28.7
2011 29.9 30.9 32.9 35.1 37.5 38.3 36.4 35.3 34.7 33.2 30.3 29.4
2. ELEMENT: MONTHLY MEAN MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEG C)
2003 20.8 22.7 23.8 26.5 28.4 28.5 25.7 25.3 25.9 24.7 23.4 21.7
2004 20.8 20.9 23.7 27.2 26.7 27.1 26.5 27.4 25.2 24.4 22.9 21.1
2005 21.7 22.2 25.2 26.6 28.0 28.8 26.9 26.6 25.9 24.6 22.4 21.9
2006 22.7 21.6 23.8 25.4 28.1 26.5 26.7 25.1 25.4 23.7 21.5 22.7
42
2007 21.5 22.4 24.2 26.7 29.1 27.2 26.1 25.4 25.8 24.9 22.6 22.4
2008 21.3 22.7 24.0 26.4 27.8 27.6 26.7 26.0 25.5 24.5 23.3 22.3
2009 21.1 21.7 23.8 26.5 27.7 28.1 27.7 26.1 25.7 25.2 23.9 22.3
2010 21.2 21.8 24.0 26.9 26.8 25.5 24.7 26.1 25.7 25.5 23.9 22.0
2011 21.1 21.3 23.5 26.5 27.2 28.6 26.4 26.1 25.7 24.6 23.1 22.2
3. ELEMENT: MONTHLY MEAN R.H. AT 0830 HRS IST (%)
2003 78 80 76 73 65 62 81 81 73 81 81 81
2004 81 79 77 74 73 61 67 60 79 83 83 77
2005 79 78 75 77 70 57 68 70 72 84 86 88
2006 80 81 78 76 75 65 72 75 80 82 81 79
2007 77 74 77 76 62 71 73 79 73 79 80 85
2008 85 84 81 75 57 61 66 74 72 82 84 83
2009 82 82 79 73 68 55 58 70 73 73 85 87
2010 84 82 79 72 71 75 79 79 81 80 87 86
2011 82 81 77 75 64 72 73 78 81 83 85 86
4. ELEMENT: MONTHLY MEAN R.H. AT 1730 HRS IST (%)
2003 66 69 65 68 66 67 70 67 65 73 73 70
2004 68 59 65 72 68 62 61 59 74 77 75 65
2005 65 62 68 73 69 55 67 67 68 79 75 80
2006 66 70 66 69 71 58 63 60 71 69 71 72
43
2007 88 93 84 88 76 96 98 93 92 96 97 96
2008 67 65 66 66 56 51 60 65 62 72 75 67
2009 62 58 61 63 62 54 45 65 66 62 79 77
2010 68 65 68 69 69 72 74 71 71 71 79 76
2011 60 61 59 65 58 54 68 74 75 78 76 81
5. ELEMENT: MONTHLY TOTAL RAINFALL (MM)
2003 0.1 0.0 6.2 TR 0.5 22.9 101.1 140.5 155.3 149.1 85.0 77.4
2004 51.5 0.0 0.2 2.4 210.6 28.8 50.6 47.1 246.5 285.3 280.2 6.8
2005 2.0 5.2 0.0 83.2 30.9 30.6 151.2 53.7 101.3 1077.8 608.4 421.5
2006 3.5 2.8 0.1 73.4 40.3 36.1 164.7 48.9 112.7 1128.2 584.6 396.5
2007 0.0 6.6 0.0 0.2 0.1 94.2 243.9 170.9 167.7 274.9 95.0 256.3
2008 75.9 14.1 175.2 18.6 5.6 57.5 44.5 97.8 123.8 456.6 724.6 8.3
2009 34.2 0.0 2.1 0.0 40.3 16.1 68.4 143.5 182.3 43.1 646.1 214.9
2010 5.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 204.0 136.7 155.5 235.8 120.1 195.7 274.0 287.1
2011 10.8 88.9 0.0 12.1 76.5 61.3 146.2 225.8 115.3 968.4 876.5 188.1
6. ELEMENT: MONTHLY MEAN WINDSPEED (KMPH)
2003 7 6 5 6 7 7 6 7 6 5 7 8
2004 7 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 5 6 7 8
2005 6 6 6 6 7 9 8 7 7 6 7 8
2006 7 6 5 6 7 7 9 8 6 5 7 9
44
2007 7 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 7
2008 5 6 5 7 9 8 8 7 6 4 5 4
2009 5 5 6 8 9 9 9 7 6 6 3 5
2010 6 4 5 6 7 6 5 5 4 4 4 5
2011 13 12 5 6 7 8 7 7 5 6 6 8
45
3.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone of 10 km radius around the
project site forms the baseline information. The prime objective of the baseline
air quality study was to assess the existing air quality of the area. This will also
be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality
during the operation of the proposed project. The study area represents mostly
residential environment. This section describes the selection of sampling
locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and
frequency of sampling. The results of monitoring carried out for study period of
April to June2013.
3.1.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards
Ambient Air Quality standards has been notified by the MoEF vide Gazette
Notification dated 18th November 2009 are presented in Table 3.9.
46
47
48
3.1.2 Selection of sampling location
The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a
scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of
monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program has been based on the
following considerations:
 Meteorological conditions are synoptic scale
 Topography of the study area
 Representative of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline
status
 Representatives of likely impact areas
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at eight locations
with due consideration to the above mentioned points. The AAQM locations are
depicted in Figure 3.6.
3.1.3 Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
The PM10 and PM2.5 among the eight sampling stations covering the study region
varied from 40 to 63 µg/m3 and 14 to 26 µg/m3 respectively. These results are
presented in Table 3.10 and 3.11
3.1.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
During the present study SO2 concentration is from 11 to 28 µg/ m3 presented in

Table 3.12.
3.1.5 Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2)
Nitrogen dioxide was in the range of 21 to 39 µg/ m3 presented in Table 3.13.
49
3.1.6 Carbon Monoxide (CO)
CO during the present study was below the detectable limit.

Air Sampling Locations
S7
S3
S6
S8
S5
S2
S4
50
Table 3.10–Ambient Air Quality Status (PM10) – (April – June2013)
Averaging Time: 24 Hrs

Unit: µg/m3
98th
SA. Bearin Distance Arithme Standard
Sampling Station Max Min Percent
No. g* * (KM) tic Mean Deviation
ile
SA1 Project site -
SA2 Putlur SE
SA3 Pandoor NW
SA4 Melnallathur SW
SA5 Thiruvallur SW
SA6 Ikkadu N
SA7 Kalyankuppam NE
SA8 Ayathur SE
*- With respect to project site
Permissible limit for industrial, Residential, Rural and other area 100 µg/m3
Table 3.11–Ambient Air Quality Status (PM2.5) – (April – June 2013)
Averaging Time: 24 Hrs

Unit:µg/m3
SA. Distance* Arithmetic Standard 98th
Sampling Station Bearing* Min Max
No. (KM) Mean Deviation Percentile
SA1 Project site -
SA2 Putlur SE
SA3 Pandoor NW
SA4 Melnallathur SW
SA5 Thiruvallur SW
SA6 Ikkadu N
SA7 Kalyankuppam NE
SA8 Ayathur SE
*- With respect to project site
Permissible limit for industrial, Residential, Rural and other area 60 µg/m3
51
EIA report of Nuray Chemicals Private Limited, Thiruvallur, Tamilnadu
Table 3.12 – Ambient Air Quality Status (SO2) – (April to June 2013)
Averaging time: 24 hrs. Unit : µg/m3

SA. Sampling Distance* Arithmetic Standard 98th
Bearing* Min Max
No. Station (KM) Mean Deviation Percentile
SA1 Project site -
SA2 Putlur SE
SA3 Pandoor NW
SA4 Melnallathur SW
SA5 Thiruvallur SW
SA6 Ikkadu N
SA7 Kalyankuppam NE
SA8 Ayathur SE
* With respect to project site

Permissible limit of SO2 for Industrial, Residential, Rural and other area = 80
µg/m3
Table 3.13 – Ambient Air Quality Status (NO2) - (April – June 2013)
Averaging Time: 24 hrs. Unit: µg/m3

S.A Sampling Distance Arithmetic Standard 98th
Bearing* Min Max
No. Station * Mean Deviation Percentile
SA1 Project site -
SA2 Putlur SE
SA3 Pandoor NW
SA4 Melnallathur SW
SA5 Thiruvallur SW
SA6 Ikkadu N
SA7 Kalyankuppam NE
SA8 Ayathur SE
* With respect to project site
Permissible limit of NO2 for Industrial, Residential, Rural and other area =80
µg/m3
52
Noise Sampling Stations
S7
S3
S6
S8
S5
S2
S4
53
3.1.7 Noise Environment
The noise monitoring has been conducted for the determination of noise levels
at eight locations around the study area. Levels of noise have been monitored
during 6am to 10pm and night levels during 10pm to 6am. In the residential
cum rural areas equivalent day night noise levels ranges from 56 to 41 dB (A).
The details of sampling locations with respect to the plant site and the
equivalent day night levels are tabulated in Table 3.14.
Table 3.14 – Equivalent Day-Night Noise Level Details
Equivalent Levels
SA. Bearing Distance dB(A)
Sampling Stations
No. * * Day Night
Time Time
SN1 Project site -
SN2 Putlur SE
SN3 Pandoor NW
SN4 Melnallathur SW
SN5 Thiruvallur SW
SN6 Ikkadu N
SN7 Kalyankuppam NE
SN8 Ayathur SE
Day Night
Permissible limit for Industrial Area - 75 70

Permissible limit for Rural Area - 55 45
3.1.8 Ambient Noise Standards
Ambient Noise level standards have been notified by the MoEF vide Gazette
54
Notification dated 26th December 1989 and also in the Schedule III of the
Environmental (Protection) Rules 1986. It is based on the ‘A’ weighted equivalent
noise level (Leq). These are presented in Table 3.14
Table 3.15: National Ambient Noise Standards
Category of Leq in dB(A)

Zones Day * Night+
Industrial 75 70
Commercial 65 55
Residential 55 45
Silence Zone ** 50 40
Source: Central Pollution Control Board
Note:-
1. Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.

2. Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.
3. Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 metres around
hospitals, educational institutions, courts, religious places or any other
area which is declared as such by the competent authority. Use of vehicle
horn, loudspeaker and bursting of crackers is banned in these zones.
4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above
mentioned categories by the competent authority and the corresponding
standards shall apply
3.1.9 Identification of Sampling Locations
A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major

noise generating sources in the study area. Noise at different noise generating
sources have been identified based on the activities in the surrounding area,
55
ambient noise due to small scale industries, traffic and noise at sensitive areas
like hospitals and schools.
56
Water Sampling Stations
S7
S3
S6
S8
S5
S2
S4
57
3.2. WATER QUALITY
The water samples are collected from eight locations in the study area. We have
submitted the permissible limit for the drinking purposes as well as the
permissible limits in the absence of alternative sources. Generally, the desirable
limit is obtained by the river water only, whereas we have received the water
samples from bore well & open wells. The water from sampled location falls in
the range mentioned for drinking water when there is no alternative source.
58
Table 3.16 – Water Analysis Results
SAMPLING SITES & RESULTS

S.No PARAMETERS UNITS WA – WA - WA –
WA – 1 WA - 2 WA - 4 WA – 5 WA - 6
3 7 8
1. pH@250C No.
2. Colour (Visual) Hazen
3. Odour ---
4. Taste ---
5. Turbidity (NTU) NTU
Total dissolved
6. mg/l
solids
Total hardness
7. mg/l
(CaCo3)
8. Calcium (Ca) mg/l
Magnesium
9. mg/l
(Mg)
10. Iron (Fe) mg/l
11. Chlorides (Cl) mg/l
12. Sulphates (SO4) mg/l
59
13. Fluorides (F) mg/l

14. Nitrates (NO3) mg/l
15. Copper (Cu) mg/l
16. Nitrogen (N) mg/l
17. Lead (Pb) mg/l
18. Manganese (Mn) mg/l
Phenolic
19. Compound mg/l
(C6H5OH)
20. Total Chromium mg/l
21. Zinc mg/l
22. Arsenic mg/l
Sample 1 –Project site Sample 6- Ikkadu

Sample 2 – Putlur Sample 7 - Kalyankuppam
Sample 3- Pandoor Sample 8 - Ayathur
Sample 4 – Melnallathur
Sample 5 –Thiruvallur
60
Soil Sampling Station
S7
S3
S6
S8
S5
S2
S4
61
3.3. SOIL QUALITY
It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the
impacts of urbanization and industrialization on soil quality. Accordingly, a
study of assessment of the soil quality has been carried out.
3.3.1 Data Generation
For studying soil profile of the region, sampling location was selected to
assess the existing soil condition in and around the plant representing various
land use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations
were determined. The samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into
the soil up to a depth of 90 cm. Simultaneously, in-situ infiltration test using
double ring infiltrometer was carried out at all location to determine the
permeability.
The present study on the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics
and identifies the incremental concentrations if any, due to the existing and
proposed activities.
The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives:
 To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area;

 To determine the impact on soil more importantly from agricultural
productivity point of view.
Eight locations within 10 km radius of the plant site were selected for soil
sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different
depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm, and 90 cm below the surface and homogenized.
The homogenized samples were taken during April - June 2013 to identify
soil conditions.
62
The details of the sampling location are given in Table – 3.17 and are shown
in Figure – 3.9.
Soil Sampling Locations
S7
S3
S6
S8
S5
S2
S4
63
3.3.2 Baseline Soil Status
It has been observed that the texture of soil is mostly ‘Sandy clay loam’ in the
area. The common color of the soil ranged from light brown to black. It has
been observed that the pH of the soil quality ranged from 6.4 to 6.9 indicating
that the soil is usually neutral to slightly basic in nature.
The standard of soil classification is given in Table 3.17.
64
Table 3.17 – Soil Quality
RESULTS
S.No PARAMETERS UNITS SA- SA- SA- SA- SA- SA - SA- SA-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 pH No.
2 EC mmhos/cm
3 Water Content %
4 Texture ---
Macro Nutrients:
5 Nitrogen %
6 Phosphorus %
7 Potassium Kg/Ac
Micro Nutrients:
8 Iron mg/Kg
9 Manganese mg/Kg
10 Zinc mg/Kg
11 Copper mg/Kg
Sample 1 –Project site Sample 7 - Kalyankuppam

Sample 2 – Putlur Sample 8 - Ayathur
Sample 3 – Pandoor
Sample 4 – Melnallathur
Sample 5 – Thiruvallur
Sample 6 – Ikkkadu
65
Table – 3.18 – Standards of Soil Classification
S.No. Soil Test Classification

<4.5 Extremely acidic
4.51 – 5.00 Very strongly acidic
5.51 – 6.0 moderately acidic
6.01 – 6.50 slightly acidic
1. pH 6.51 – 7.30 Neutral
7.31 – 7.80 slightly alkaline
7.381 – 8.50 moderately alkaline
8.51 – 9.0 strongly alkaline
9.01 very strongly alkaline
Up to 1.00 Average
Salinity Electrical
1.01 – 2.00 Harmful to germination
2. Conductivity
2.01 – 3.00 Harmful to crops (Sensitive to
(mmhos/cm)
salts)
Upto 0.2 : Very less
0.21 – 0.4 : Medium,
3. Organic Carbon 0.51 – 0.8 : On an average sufficient
0.81 – 1.0 : Sufficient
> 1.0 : More than sufficient
Up to 50 : Very less
51 – 100 : Less
4. Nitrogen (kg/ha) 101 – 150 : Good
151 – 300 : Better
> 300 : Sufficient
Up to 15 Very less
16 -30 Less
31 – 50 Medium,
5. Phosphorus (kg/ha)
51 – 65 On an average sufficient
66 – 80 Sufficient
> 80 More than sufficient
0 - 120 Very less
120 – 180 Less
181 – 240 Medium
6. Potash (kg/ha)
241 – 300 Average
301 – 360 better
> 360 More than sufficient
66
3.4. LAND ENVIRONMENT
3.4.1 Introduction
The site is located at Kakkalur village, Thiruvallur Taluk, Thiruvallur

District, Tamilnadu
3.4.2 Topography
The project site is plain with flat topography.
3.4.3 Drainage
The area exhibits vast flat topography and the average elevation of the area is
about 145 feet from Mean Sea Level (MSL). River Cooum is about 2.5 Km
from the project site. The detailed Topo Map for 10 Km radius is in Fig 2.1
3.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
3.5.1 Biological Environment Assessment
A habitat or an area comprises of different kinds of plants and animals within

its boundary. The distribution of flora and fauna in the given area represents
the biological environment. The biological portion of the environment
includes, what is present in the study area, its values, and its responses to
impacts description of community uniqueness, the dominant species, and an
evaluation of rare or endangered species.
Natural vegetation is scanty and the bio-diversity of the area is low and it
forms a part of deciduous area. Species diversity and food web index of the
67
surrounding area will be negligible. However, the proposed reclamation of
mining areas using proper re-vegetation techniques and development of green
belt around the ultimate pit limit, the impact on the terrestrial environment
will be nominal.
The unit has earmarked more than 33% of total area of plant about 0.190
Hectare for developing the Green Belt and Lawns as per the existing
Environmental Quality Policy of the Company. The proposed Green Belt will
have significant long term impact during the Operation Phase.
Flora-fauna: An ecological survey of the study area was conducted

particularly with reference to recording the existing biological resources. The
objectives of the survey were intended to:
 Generate baseline data from field observations from various terrestrial

ecosystems,
 Collect secondary data from Government records,
 Compare the data so generated with authentic past records to
understand changes,
 Understand the impact of the proposed activity on vegetational structure
in the site.
To accomplish the above objectives, a general ecological survey covering an

area of 10 km radius area was conducted. The locations were identified for
phyto-sociological aspects to assess the current status. Phyto-sociological
studies were carried out by using least count quadrate method. Trees species
were surveyed by taking quadrates of 100 m x 10 m distributed randomly.
Shrub species were surveyed by taking quadrates of 10 m x 10 m. Herb
species were surveyed by taking quadrates of 1 m x 1 m. The data obtained
68
was further used to estimate Relative Dominance, Relative Density (RD),
Relative Frequency (RF) and Importance Value Index (IVI) as per the
formula.
Faunal survey covers the Terrestrial Fauna, Avian Fauna and Aquatic Fauna.
The survey was based on Personal observation, Enquiry with local population
and Records available. This survey will include identification of endangered
and rare species as per Red Book.
Flora and Fauna
Survey Methodology
An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with
reference to recording the existing biological resources. The objectives of the
survey were intended to:
 Generate baseline data from field observations from various terrestrial
ecosystems,
 Collect secondary data from Government records,
 Compare the data so generated with authentic past records to
understand changes,
 Understand the impact of the proposed activity on vegetational structure
in the site.
To accomplish the above objectives, a general ecological survey covering an

area of 10 km radius area was conducted. The locations were identified for
phyto-sociological aspects to assess the current status. Phyto-sociological
studies were carried out by using least count quadrate method. Trees species
were surveyed by taking quadrates of 100 m x 10 m distributed randomly.
Shrub species were surveyed by taking quadrates of 10 m x 10 m. Herb
species were surveyed by taking quadrates of 1 m x 1 m. The data obtained
69
was further used to estimate Relative Dominance, Relative Density (RD),
Relative Frequency (RF) and Importance Value Index (IVI) as per the
formula.
Faunal survey covers the Terrestrial Fauna, Avian Fauna and Aquatic Fauna.
The survey was based on Personal observation, Enquiry with local population
and Records available. This survey will include identification of endangered
and rare species as per Red Book.
The flora and fauna studies were carried out in the entire study area of
10 km radius around the proposed site. The diversified plant genera
distributed in this area. The natural vegetation of the study area had more
population with variety of species. Many varieties of plant species were
growing naturally.
The overall aerial and close observations lead to the conclusion that the
diversity of plant species was more in the buffer zone.
Flora: The Study of flora involved intensive sample survey of vegetation in

the project site and other locations applying standard methods (e.g., Greig-
Smith 1983, Caustan 1988). To examine the trees and shrubs, quadrats of 25 x
25 m and for herbs 2 x 2 m were laid. In each of the larger quadrats (i)
Species (ii) their number, and (iii) Girth at Breast Height (GBH), were
measured. (Chaturvedi and Khanna,1982). The species of vegetation found in
each station were identified and listed according to their families, both in
dicotyledons and monocotyledons of the plant kingdom. The plant species
were classified as per the classifications of “Bentham and Hooker” and
identified by using Gambles book on “Flora of Madras Presidency” and
Mathew’s book on “Flora of the Tamil Nadu Carnatic”.
70
Fauna: Both direct and indirect observation methods were used to survey the
fauna. Visual encounter (search) method was employed to record vertebrate
species. Additionally survey of relevant literature was also done to
consolidate the list of vertebrate fauna distributed in the area (Smith 1933-43,
Ali and Ripley 1983, Daniel 1983, Prater 1993, Murthy and
Chandrasekhar1988). Since birds may be considered as indicators for
monitoring and understanding human impacts on ecological systems (Lawton,
1996) attempt was made to gather quantitative data on the group.
Point Survey Method: Observations were made in each site for 15 minutes
duration.
Road Side Counts: The observer traveled from site to site, all sightings were
recorded (this was done both in the day and night time). An index of
abundance of each species was also established.
Pellet and Track Counts: All possible animal tracks and pellets were identified
and recorded (South Wood, 1978).
Based on the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (WPA 1972, Anonymous 1991,
Upadhyay 1995, Chaturvedi and Chaturvedi 1996) species were short-listed as
Schedule II or I and considered herein as endangered species. Species listed
in Ghosh (1994) are considered as Indian Red List species.
71
Baseline Status-Fauna
The list of Flora is given below:
S. No BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME
1 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Shoeback plant

2 Carica papaya Papaya
3 Tamarindus indicum Tamarind Tree
4 Prosopis julifera Bayahonda blanca
5 Azadirachta indica Neem tree
6 Pongamia glabra Indian beech
7 Cocos nucifera Coconut palm
8 Borassus Palmyra palm
9 Musa paradisica Banana
10 Delonix regia Royal Poinciana
11 Samanea samen Rain tree
12 Lantana camara 'Pink Caprice' Lantana
13 Ficus religiosa Sacred fig
14 Terminalia cattapa Indian almond
15 Ricinus communis Castor
16 Passiflora edulis Golden Grana
17 Cissus quadranqualaris Veld grape
18 Cassia siamea Yellow cassia
19 Cassia auriculata Tanners cassia
20 Opuntia Tuna
21 Calotropis gigantia Giant rubber bush
22 Vitex negundo Chaste tree
72
23 Theprosia Turkey pea
24 Euphorbia canariensis Canary island spurge
25 Bougainvillea spectabilis Bougainvillea
The list of fauna is given below
S.No ZOOLOGICAL NAME COMMON NAME
1 Brachylagus idahoensis Pygmy rabbit
2 Callosciurus notatus Plantain squirrel
3 Cryptomys hottentotus African Mole Rat
4 Vulpes bengalensis Indian Fox
5 Canis lupus pallipes Indian Wolf
6 Ovis aries Sheep
7 Capra aegagrus hircus Domestic goat
8 Canis lupus familiaris Domestic Dog

9 Felis catus Domestic Cat
10 Bos taurus Domestic cow
11 Macaca radiate Monkey
12 Corvus splendens Crow
13 Acridotheres tristis Indian Myna
14 Loriculus vernalis Vernal Hanging Parrot
15 Collocalia esculenta White – Bellied Swiftlet
16 Tyto alba Barn Owl
17 Columba rupestris Blue Hill Pigeon
18 Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo
73
19 Naja naja oxiana Indian Cobra
20 Chamaeleo gracilis Chameleons
Source : DFO
3.6 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
The site is proposed in a remote dry and predominantly barren lands covered
with some thorny bushes in patches. There is no tree cutting or removal of
plantations is anticipated. There is no forest land is involved. There is no Wild
Life Sanctuary or National Park or Biosphere or Hotspots, Elephant/Tiger
reserves, Migratory Routes within the study area of 10 km.
3.7 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The Socio-economic conditions of the area are described in the following
paragraphs.
Demographic Details
Total population of the selected 11 villages within 10 km radius from the

project site is 79057. The male to female ratio is 100:98. The population in
the age group of 6 constitutes about 11.2% of the population. The details of
population is given in the below Table 3.19.
74
Draft EIA Report for Nuray Chemicals, Thiruvallur, Tamilnadu
Table 3.19 Population Status (As per 2001 census)
No. of Agriculture
Name of the Literates Cultivators
S.No House Male Female Total Labours
Villages
Holds Male Female Male Female Male Female
1. Kakkalur 2103 4535 4407 8942 3609 2896 62 12 139 41
2. Selai 642 1389 1448 2837 1048 824 45 9 104 30
3. Pirayankuppam 205 475 443 918 344 233 36 1 118 59
4. Palliaraikuppam 70 179 179 358 129 113 7 1 23 13
5. Karanai 254 537 538 1075 344 236 53 9 206 174
6. Attupakkam 116 211 219 430 97 70 26 1 70 19
7. Nemiliagaram 45 90 88 178 84 60 25 0 1 0
8. Keelvilagam 95 225 219 444 126 87 41 0 1 1
9. Melvilagam 42 94 96 190 60 46 20 5 4 3
10. Thiruvallur 14241 31789 31019 62808 25843 21469 147 25 468 215
11. Kalianur 234 432 445 877 305 265 45 8 46 59
Drinking Water Supply
Adequate facilities are available for tapping drinking water in all of the
villages. Most of the villagers depend on underground water resources such as
from well, tank etc.
Power Supply
All the villages are provided with electricity.
75
3.10 Baseline Status Summary

The findings of baseline environmental status of the study area are summarized
below :
 The monitored ambient air quality in the study area was found to be in
compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) Norms of
100µg PM10/m3, 60µg PM2.5/m3, 80µg SO2/m3 and 80µg NO2/m3 for
Residential, Rural and other areas.
 Ambient equivalent noise levels (Leq) during day and night times were
found to be well within the MoEF Norms.
 The water quality of surface waters was found to be in compliance with
CPCB norms.
 The ground water quality was found to be in compliance with the
IS:10500 Norms.
 The absence of Oil & Grease, Phenols, Cyanides, low BOD & COD
levels, trace metals below their detectable limits, etc. confirm the fact
that the water quality in the vicinity was not getting polluted due to any
industrial activity.
 The soil in the study area would very well support vegetation after
amending it suitably.
 Presence of number of phanerophytes (shrubs and trees) and therophytes
(annuals) indicates semiarid vegetation structure in the study area.
 There is no Wild Life Sanctuary or National Park or Biosphere or
Hotspots within the study area of 10 km.
 Domesticated animals and common fauna only exist in the study area.
 The area is thinly populated. All the villages are electrified, road
connected and provided with water supply. The basic amenities are there
almost at all villages.
76
Thus, there is adequate buffer for the proposed Project in the physical,
biological and edaphic environments of the study area.
The project is proposed in an industrially backward area. There are significant

numbers of non-workers in the area and the project would provide direct or
indirect job opportunities to them. Also, there will be some migration of labour
force from outside also during construction phase which may result in social
stress on the local settlements. However, this impact is envisaged to be
marginal and temporary in nature.
Thus, the overall impact on environment during construction phase due to the
proposed Project would be short term and insignificant.
77
CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS &

MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The predictions of impact scenario along with baseline status of environment

helps in identification of appropriate mitigate measures in the planning stage to
minimize environmental damage.
It is therefore necessary to identify the critical likely impacts due to setting up

of this project for various attributes of environment, if no pollution control
measures are adopted.
This project would create impacts on the environment in two distinct phases.
a) During construction phase which may be regarded as temporary or short

term.
b) The other during the operational phase, which would have long-term
effects.
The environmental impacts in this study have, as such, been discussed separately
for the construction phase and operational phase of the project.
4.2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS
All the potentially significant environmental impacts from the project are grouped
as below.
78
Air Environment
 Impact on ambient air quality
 Impact on ambient noise
Water Environment
 Impacts on surface water quality
Land Environment
 Impacts on land use
 Impacts on soil fertility
 Impacts on agriculture
 Impacts on forests and wildlife
4.2.1 Prediction of Impacts
The impacts assessment is carried out for the following phases and presented in
the following paragraphs.
 Impacts during construction phase
 Impacts during operation phase
4.3 IMPACTS DUE TO CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The construction phase impacts are expected to be minimal, as for as

construction of the main projects are concerned. During the construction
phase, the following activities among others are considered to be important
towards development of impact.
79
a) Site preparation
b) Excavation and back filling
c) Mixing of concrete and mortar
d) Concrete construction
e) Erection of steel structures
f) Road construction
g) Painting and finishing
h) Cleanup operations
i) Landscaping and afforestation
In our project proper planning work of construction will be engaged, so that
the impact due to construction phase will be very low.
4.3.1 Land Transportation and Construction
Construction does not involve any heavy construction equipment.

Transportation of raw material through trucks may not affect traffic in the main
roads.
4.3.2 Land Use
The land acquired for this proposed site falls under SIDCO Industrial area.
4.3.3 Water Resources and Water Quality
Raw water will be taken from private water suppliers. Water will be consumed
for construction activities depends upon the requirement.
80
4.3.4 Air Quality
Some dust may arise during earthwork and masonry work. However, the
effect is much localized and not having any impact on air quality. Water
spraying will be done if required to minimize fugitive emission.
4.3.5 Biological Conditions
The present site is devoid of trees and shrubs. The only vegetation covered on
the land is grass, which will be disturbed and some part will be lost in
construction activity. Trees / shrubs will be planted for green cover.
81
4.3.6 Transportation System
It may not affect traffic even if it intends to ship out the materials in peak
hours.
4.3.7 Noise
Noise will be created in the site due to construction activity. However, noise
effect is localized and no impact outside the plant building.
4.3.8 Community Structure
Community structure will be benefited by generation of Employment. Around

50 jobs will be created during the construction period.
4.3.9 Accident Risk
Accidents may occur during construction which could be avoided with proper
supervision and hiring skilled labor along with proper planning.
4.3.10 Resources
Fuel resource will meet by trucks during construction period. Purchasing the
raw material in nearest place and proper planning of routes could minimize
this. Water resources are conserved by adopting new techniques with new
materials like concrete blocks instead of bricks, which needs less water
compared with the latter.
82
4.3.11 Impact during Construction
The impact during construction phase will be minimal, however water

spraying, avoiding night work, taking proper measures will be engaged. Hence
the impact will be negligible.
4.4 OPERATIONAL PHASE
In the operational phase, the important activities contributing to environmental

impacts, either adverse or beneficial are as follows.
a) Consumption of Water
b) Waste Discharge and Control
c) Atmospheric Emission
d) Air Pollution Control Measures
e) Noise pollution
f) Employment of Personnel
4.4.1 Land Transportation and Construction
Implementation of the project will improve erodibility and soil stability with
revegetation.
Production of solid and Hazardous waste
83
(a) Non-Hazardous Waste
200
1. General Scrap Sold out.
kg/M
(b) Hazardous Waste
500
1. Sludge from ETP
kg/M
Collected, stored and disposed to TSDF
150 for landfill.

kg/M
Residue from Solvent Collected, stored and disposed to TSDF

3. 15 kg/M
distillation for incineration.
150
4. Waste Oil Disposed through authorized recyclers.
kg/M
Change in surface permittivity and grading
Construction of plant and roads will change the natural characteristic of the
surface. Addition of impervious surface could add to marginal increase in
runoff, which in turn could lead to soil erosion in case that soil is improperly
vegetated.
Aesthetics
Developing greenbelt inside and outside the project will give aesthetic value.
The green cover in the vacant space will also give pleasant aesthetics value.
84
4.4.2 Water Resources
Water supply will be expected to fulfil the entire requirement.
Total water requirement:
This unit will consume 15 KLD of raw water for its cooling and non-process
uses. The entire raw water required will be procured from SIDCO water
suppliers.
85
Zero Liquid Discharge System
4.4.3 Water Impact
3
Category Quantity (m /day) Method of treatment and Disposal
Waste water from

4.0
Process
Waste water from Treated by the Effluent Treatment

4.0
Washing Plant followed by the R.O. Plant
Stage I & II and R.O. Reject
evaporated by the Mechanical
Boiler Blow down 2.0 Evaporator.
Cooling tower bleed

1.0
off
86
Back Wash of Purified

2.0
Water System
Sewage 2.0 Disposed through septic tank with

dispersion trench.
4.4.4 Air Environment
Following are the air pollution control schemes that would be followed to
minimize and control the emission of air pollutants as well as their effective
dispersion into the atmosphere.
S.
No.
Wood Fired
(0.5 T/hr)-2 Nos.

2
4.4.5 Transportation System
It may not affect traffic even if it intends to ship out the materials in peak
hours.
87
4.4.6 Noise Impact
The noise level within the plant building at a distance of one meter from the
source shall be maintained at less than 85 dB(A). Noise level at the nearest
plant boundary is expected to be about 50 dB(A). Thus, the noise levels will be
well within the permissible limit for residential areas and as such no impact is
envisaged.
4.4.7 Aesthetics
Any structure built in the centre of plain area will look aesthetically
unpleasant. To overcome this, a green screen of tall trees will be added which
also will help in several other ways.
4.4.8 Impact on Flora and Fauna
Natural vegetation is scanty and the bio-diversity of the area is low and it
forms a part of deciduous area. Species diversity and food web index of the
surrounding area will be negligible. However, using proper re-vegetation
techniques and development of green belt around the ultimate pit limit, the
impact on the terrestrial environment will be nominal. The unit will provide
about 33% of total area of the Plants for developing the Green Belt and Lawns
as per the existing Environmental Quality Policy of the Company. The
proposed Green Belt will have significant long term impact during the
Operation Phase.
4.4.9 Impact on Safety
Well planned and systematic safety management practices will provide safe
working conditions. Careful storage and handling of chemicals and materials
88
will ensure safety in the proposed project. Proper fire fighting and fire safety
measures were ensured in the project area.
4.4.10 Socio-Economic Environment
The Project does not involve resettlement/rehabilitation. The Socio-Economic

profile of the population living in study area has been prepared based on
Census 2001 data as well as Household Questionnaires.
4.5 POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Based on project particulars and existing environmental conditions, potential

impacts have been identified that are likely to result from the proposed project
and where possible these have been quantified. The positive environmental
impacts are listed below:
 Impacts on traffic
 Impacts on infrastructure
 Impacts on Employment
 Increased health environment
 Impacts on cultural resources
 Impacts on aesthetics
4.6 NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Based on project particulars and existing environmental conditions, potential

negative impacts likely to result from the proposed development have been
quantified. Negative impacts have been listed under the following headings:
 Impacts due to construction works

 Impacts due to project operation like generation of noise
89
CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1 INTRODUCTION
If the scoping results in need for alternatives, a clear description of the each
alternative, and summary of the impact - adverse and positive with each site,
and selection of alternatives are to be explained in detail.
Alternative sites and design process should be critically examined to maintain

the positive environmental impact, socio-economic benefits & profitability and
minimize the temporary adverse impact. Normally, the extent of displacement
of people, the loss of agricultural land, relocation of flora & fauna and
irreversible loss of natural resources permanently, will be deciding factors in
selection/rejection of site. Project planning and the design process need to be
flexible enough to adopt the modified basic project alternatives. The following
steps will help in this process.
5.2 CONSIDERED SITE ALTERNATIVES
Since this is modification of existing infrastructure , the execution will be done

within the premises. There is no alternative site is considered for the same.
5.3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Since this project will be a change of product, the execution will be carried out
as per the ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
This Chapter includes the technology in detail as mentioned in Chapter II.
90
aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures (including

measurement methodologies, data analysis, reporting schedules, emergency
procedures, detailed budget & procurement schedules). The details include
summary matrix of environmental monitoring during construction and
operation stage; requirement of monitoring facilities and frequency, location,
parameters of monitoring; compilation and analysis of data; comparison with
base line data and compliance to accepted norms and reporting system and
plantation monitoring program.
91
CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Environmental policy at Industry level is yet to be defined formally. Standards

are stipulated by various regulatory agencies to limit the emission of pollutants
in air and water. The unit itself is not sufficient since this does not provide an
assurance that its Environmental performance not only meets, will continue to
meet, legislative and policy requirements.
Hence Environmental Management System (EMS) are suggested at the

industry level for ensuring that the activities, products and services of the
region confirm to the carrying capacity (Supportive and Assimilative capacity)
of the Environment. Since this is more in line with the quality systems, it is
proposed to develop one as outlined in the following sub sections. The EMS-
its set-up, role and responsibilities – is given below.
6.1.1 Formation of an Environmental Management System
The environmental management system for the pharmaceutical unit will enable
it to maximize its beneficial effects and minimize its adverse effects with
emphasis on prevention. It will:
 Identify and evaluate the environmental effects arising from the plant’s
activities;
 Identify and evaluate the environmental effects arising from incidents,
accidents and potential emergency situations;
 Identify the relevant legislative and regulatory requirements;
92
 Enable priorities to be identified and pertinent environmental objectives

and targets to be set;
 Facilitate planning, control, monitoring, auditing and review of activities
to ensure that the policy is complied with; and
 Allow periodic evaluation to suit changing circumstances so that it
remains relevant.
6.2 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE OF MITIGATION MEASURES
The top management of the Pharmaceutical unit is committed to develop its

activities in an environmentally sound manner and supports all efforts in
achieving this objective. In pursuance of this, formal environmental
management system shall be established during the operating phase of the
plant which shall carry out periodic environmental review, covering the
following four areas:
 Legislative and regulatory requirements;
 Evaluation and registration of significant parameters and their
environmental impacts;
 Review of environmental management practices and procedures being
proposed; and
 Assessment of feedback from investigation of previous environmental
incidents and non compliance with legislation, regulations or existing
policies and procedures.
The environmental review shall address the following:
 The nature and extent of problems and deficiencies;
 The priorities to be accorded to rectify them; and
 An improvement program designed to ensure that the personnel and
material resources required are identified and made available.
93
Environment Management Records
The Pharmaceutical unit shall establish and maintain a system of records to

demonstrate compliance with the environmental management systems and the
extent of achievement of the environmental objectives and targets. In addition
to the other records (legislative, audit and review reports), management records
shall address the following:
 Details of failure in compliance and corrective action;

 Details of complaints and follow-up action
 Appropriate contractor and supplier information;
 Inspection and maintenance reports;
 Monitoring data; and
 Environmental training records
Environmental Management Reviews
The senior management shall periodically review the Environmental

Management System (EMS) to ensure its suitability and effectiveness. The
need for possible changes in the environmental policy and objectives for
continuous improvement shall be ascertained and revisions made accordingly.
Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures
The mitigation measures suggested in Chapter – 4 shall be implemented so as

to reduce the impact on environment due to the operations of the proposed
project. In order to facilitate easy implementation of mitigation measures, the
phased priority of implementation is given in the below Table-6.1
94
Table- 6.1. Implementation Schedule
SI.No Recommendations Time Requirement Schedule

1 Air Pollutions Control Before Commissioning Immediate
Measure of the plant
2 Water Pollution control Before Commissioning Immediate
measures of the plant
3 Noise Control Measures Along with the Immediate
commissioning of the
plant
4 Ecological Preservation Stagewise Immediate &
and up gradation implementation Progressive
6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
(a) A technical plan which spells out in detail the methodologies for
measurement, the required frequencies of measurement, the planned
location of measurement, data storage and analysis, reporting schedules
and emergency procedures, and
(b) Detailed budgets and procurement schedules for, necessary equipment
and supplies, technical and administrative manpower.
The environmental monitoring for the proposed plant operations shall be

conducted as follows:
 Air quality;
 Water and wastewater quality;
 Noise levels;
 Soil Quality; and
 Greenbelt Development.
95
6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CELL
A Centralized environmental monitoring cell will be established for monitoring

of important and crucial environmental parameters which are of immense
importance to assess the status of environment during Plant operation. With the
knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring program can serve as an
indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of
the plant, and helps in planning suitable mitigatory steps that of control of
pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by
monitoring. The following routine monitoring program will be implemented
under the post-project monitoring in the proposed plant. The Monitoring
program proposed to be implemented is given below.
6.5 POST PROJECT MONITORING SCHEDULE OF

ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS
Environmental Monitoring Programme
The environment, safety and health monitoring programme in the factory are
as follows:
Frequency of
Particulars Parameter
Monitoring
Stack Emissions SPM, SO2, NOx Monthly
Ambient Air Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 Monthly
Noise monitoring Noise Levels Monthly
Vegetation density
Ecology Once a year
and Biodiversity
Safety and Occupational Health -- Once a year
96
6.6 MONITORING EQUIPMENTS AND CONSUMABLES
A well-equipped laboratory (NABL Certified) with consumable items will be

provided for the monitoring of Environmental parameters.
The following equipments will be provided for the monitoring of

Environmental parameters.
EQUIPMENT DETATILS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Name of the Equipment Purpose

High Volume/ Respirable Dust AAQ Monitoring
Sampler
Stack Monitoring Kit Particulates, SO2, NOx and
Fluoride
Automatic Weather monitor Meteorological data collection at
Site
Sound level meter Noise levels
97
6.7 BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION
Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Management
Capital Annual Operating

Cost Cost
S.No. Description
(Rupees in lakhs)
1 Air pollution management 15 1.0
Water and wastewater

2 50 4.0
management
3 Solid waste management 25 1.0
4 Greenbelt 10 0.5
5 Environmental monitoring 15 2.5
Total 115
98
CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 Risk Assessment

Any new industrial activity involving any hazardous chemical named or
classified in the various schedules under the Environment (Protection) Act,
1986/Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1989 attracts
compliance with the rules. Though there is no handling of any hazardous
chemicals in the proposed pharmaceutical unit, a brief risk assessment study
was undertaken for the proposed Plant.
The major elements of the Risk Assessment include:
 Hazard & Operability (HAZOP) Studies for identification of hazards and

vulnerable sections of the storage,
 Consequence Analysis for various release scenarios,
 Presentation of damage contour for worst damage from fire or explosion,
 Risk Assessment and
 Provision of guidelines for emergency preparedness based on the
findings of the risk analysis.
The details of the present study are:
1) Hazard Identification and Visualization of Credible Accident Scenarios
 Identification of hazards,
 Analysis of past accident data to develop the credibility of worst
accident scenarios and
 Visualization of Credible Accident scenarios (CAS).
2) Analysis of CAS
99
Analysis of identified CAS and quantification of effects pertaining to the cases

of:
 Outflow and releases
 Heat radiation
 Explosion
 Application of damage criteria for heat radiation and explosion.
 Presentation of damage contours for worst damages from fire or
explosion.
 Effect of the proposed project on neighboring areas (including cascade
effects if any).
3) Risk Assessment based on the individual Risk Contour Plots and
4) Guidelines for emergency planning and other safety recommendations

based on the studies.
7.2 Hazard Identification using PHA Techniques
Hazard is present in any system, plant or process that handles flammable

materials. The mere existence of hazards, however, does not automatically
imply the existence of risk. Screening and ranking methodologies based on
Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) techniques have to be adopted at
different stages of the project before risk can be evaluated.
The proposed plant will be assessed for its potential to initiate and propagate
an unintentional event or sequence of events that can lead to an accident or
emergency.
100
7.2.1 Based on Fire & Explosion Index
The next stage of hazard identification involves the estimation of Fire &
Explosion Indices for the unit in the facility to give the relative severity of the
unit from the fire angle. These are evaluated from the knowledge of the
Material Factor, General Process Hazard (GPH) and Special Process Hazard
(SPH) factors. Material Factor (MF) is the measure of the energy potential of a
particular chemical or its mixture with other chemicals. GPH and SPH are
evaluated by taking into account the exotherm or endotherm of a reaction,
material handling and transfer hazards, accessibility, severity of process
conditions and possibilities, dust and other explosions, inventory level of
flammable material, etc. The F&EI value is then calculated as the product of
MF, GPH and SPH. Detailed fire and explosion indexing were carried out for
the major sections of the proposed plant.
Fire & Explosion Indices (F&EI) for the entire unit in the Plant have been
estimated to give the relative degree of severity of the units using the criteria
given below:
Index Range Degree of Hazard

1-60 Light
61- 96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
>159 Severe
101
7.2.2 HAZOP Studies
Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) is a powerful tool for identifying

hidden design inadequacies and understanding operational mistakes that may
lead to incidents or accidents. This will, in turn, help in taking suitable
remedial measures. Since natural gas is a fire hazardous gas and so HAZOP
study is conducted for the major sections of the plant.
The principle of HAZOP is that accidents occur when operations are conducted
under conditions that deviate from the design intentions. Therefore, HAZOP
starts by understanding the design intentions of a particular line or a vessel and
finds out meaningful deviations that can occur in the process. The process then
is to understand these deviations and the consequences of these deviations, and
detect which of these consequences will result in a major hazard.
The unit will use the following hazardous chemical as most of the raw material
& will be stored and handled as per the safety procedures for handling
hazardous material. Hence, the community shall not have any danger on the
unit.
Quantity
S.No. Name of the Raw Material
(T/M)
1 Ferric Chloride hexahydrate 0.003

3 Acetonitrile 0.009
4 Acetone 0.05
6 Iso Propyl alcohol 0.022
7 Dry HCl 0.04
102
8 2-{4-[(4-Chloro-phenyl)-phenyl-methyl]-piperazin-1- 0.06
yl}-ethanol
9 Sodium mono chloro acetate 0.002
10 Toluene 0.106
11 Sodium Hydroxide 0.001
15 7-(4-Chloro-butoxy)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one 0.005
(7 CBQ)
16 5-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidinone 0.001
17 Triethylamine 0.0003
19 Dimethylsulphate 0.0002
20 Methyl imidazole methanol HCl 0.0001
7.2.3 Hazop Work Sheets
Each node is considered for divergences from normal operating practices. The
main PARAMETERS, considered along with the applied DEVIATIONS from
normal operating conditions, have been presented in the following Table.
Details of HAZOP Worksheets
Parameters Deviations Intention

FLOW No Flow To Convey natural gas at required rate to
More Flow Power plant
103
Less Flow
Reverse Flow
PRESSURE High Pressure To Convey natural gas at required rate to
Low Pressure Power plant
MAINTENANC Poor Maintenance To provide good maintenance for transfer
E of natural gas
7.2.4 Results of the Hazop Study

The consequence and the corresponding causes as identified in the HAZOP
study are summarized here:
Results of HAZOP study
Recommendation
Guide Deviation Causes Consequences Safeguards
Word s
More Flow of 1 Over 1 Piping 1. Contro 1 Suitable NRV
gas pressure pressure l valve (Non return
of raises valve) will be
compress provided.
or
Less Less 2 Compres 2 Pipe line Contro 2 Suitable NRV
Flow of sor pressure l valve (Non return
gas failure decreases valve) will be
provided.
Node Causes Consequences Hazard Recommendations
104
Pipeline  Rupture of Release of Fire and Suitable shut off valve

s line pressurized Explosion will be provided at
 Gasket failure natural gas drawal point
 Leak at into
flanges atmosphere
7.3 Disaster Management Plan
7.3.1 DMP Cell
Disaster Management Plan for an industrial Unit is necessarily a combination

of various actions which are to be taken in a very short time but in a present
sequence to deal effectively and efficiently with any disaster, emergency or
major accident with an aim to keep the loss of men, material, Plant /
Machinery etc. to the minimum. A cell has to be formed for an effective
implementation of disaster management plan.
The main functions of the Disaster Management Cell are monitoring a detailed
disaster management plan which includes:
 Identification of various types of expected disasters depending upon the

type of the industrial unit.
 Identification of various groups, agencies departments etc, necessary for
dealing with a specific disaster effectively.
 Preparation by intensive training of relevant teams/groups within the
organization to deal with a specific disaster and kept them in-readiness.
 Establishment of an early detection system for the disasters.
105
 Development of a reliable instant information / communication system.

 Organization and mobilization of all the concerned departments/
organizations/ groups and agencies instantly when needed
7.3.2 Onsite Emergency Plan
To meet any major emergency, the following on site plan are laid down.
Emergency personnel’s responsibilities during normal working hours are as
follows:
Plant Incharge / Site Controller: He will retain overall responsibility of the

factory and its personnel. As soon as he is informed of the emergency he shall
proceed to the control room. His duties are:
 Assess the magnitude of situation and decide for evacuation of staff etc.
from their assembly points.
 Direct operational control over areas other than those affected.
 Maintain continuous review of possible development and assess in
consultation with and other responsible persons for further actions.
 Contact senior officers of Fire Brigade, police, medical and factory
inspector etc.
 Issues authorized statements to news media and ensure that evidence is
preserved for enquiries.
Departmental Heads: They will report to site controller and provide

assistance as required. They will decide which member of their staff, they
require at the scene.
Engineer in-charge and Electricians: They will report to the site of incident
and close down the services as requested by the site Controller.
106
Fire pump attendant: On hearing the fire alarm they will proceed to the pump
house and ensure that pumps are operating and standby to maintain them.
Emergency personnel’s responsibilities outside normal working hours of the
factory.
Shift in-charge: Immediately after he becomes aware of the emergency and its
location, he will assess the scale of the incident and direct all operations within
the affected areas with following properties:
 Minimize damage to plant, environment, minimize loss of materials
 Inform other engineers, assistants as to what services will or will not be
required.
 Hand over charge of operations to the site controller when he arrives on
scene.
First Aid Team: Member of the first aid team will report to the shift in-charge
/incident controller on hearing the incident. The first aider shall inform the
shift executive in-charge, giving the name of the patient and destination i.e. the
hospital or doctor’s room and request the site controller to inform the
destination (hospital etc.) advising them about the casualties reaching there.
107
CHAPTER 7 PROJECT BENEFITS
7.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter includes the benefits accruing to the locality, neighbourhood,

region and nation as a whole. It should bring out details of benefits by way of:
 Improvements in the physical infrastructure by way of addition of
project infrastructure, ancillary industries that may come up on account
of the project
 Improvements in the social infrastructure like roads, railways,
townships, housing, water supply, electrical power, drainage,
educational institutions, hospitals, improved waste disposal systems,
improved environmental conditions, etc.
 Employment potential -skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled labour both
during construction and operational phases of the project with specific
attention to employment potential of local population as well as
necessity for imparting any specialized skills to them to be eligible for
such employment in the project on a long term basis i.e., during
operational and maintenance stages of the project and Other tangible
benefits like improved standards of living, health, education etc.
7.2 BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT
7.2.1 EMPLOYMENT
Community structure will be benefited by generation of Employment. Around

50-60 jobs will be created during the construction period.
108
7.3 OPERATION PHASE
7.3.1 Population
Total population of the selected 11 villages within 10 km radius from the

project site is 79057. The male to female ratio is 100:98. The population in
the age group of 6 constitutes about 11.2% of the population. The details of
population is given in the below Table 3.19.
7.3.2 Education and Awareness Programme
The unit shall extend social benefits like drinking water health care measure,
educational benefits to the neighboring villagers in addition to his own
employees. Further, this project is expected to yield a positive impact on the
socio-economic environment of the region. It helps in sustainable development
of this area including further development of physical infrastructural facilities.
7.3.3 Employment
During operational phase, the unit will create around 50 jobs.
7.4 ACTION PLAN FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
7.4.1 CORPORATE ENVIRONEMNTAL POLICY (CREP)
o Operate the plant and facilitate in a manner that preserves the

environment and protect the health and safety of employees and
the public.
o Recognise and respond to community concerns about the

operations.
109
o Give priority for environment, safety and health consideration in

the planning for new products and process.
o Cooperate with the Government in developing laws and

regulations to safeguard the community, the workplace and the
environment and to ensure that such laws are implemented.
o Promote and disseminate Safety consciousness among employees.
7.4.2 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES
Budgetary Allocation for Corporate Social Responsibilities
CSR financial commitment for proposed project

Budget
Sl.No. CSR Activities allocation
(Rs.in lakhs)
1. Purified Drinking water facilities provided for Schools, 5.0
Bus Stand etc.
2. Conducting Medical Camps, Eye camp etc. 2.5
3. Conducting Awareness Programme for Public and 1.5

Schools
4. Sanitary Facilities provided for nearby Villages 5.5
5. Distribution of Free Saplings to the Villages 0.5
6. Greenbelt development in road area, surrounding 2.0

villages etc.
7. Medical Equipments to Government Hospital and Public 6.5

Health Centre.
8. Construction of buildings and toilet to Schools 7.0
110
9. Distribution of Note Books, Furniture for Schools and 3.0

Libraries
Total 33.5
111
CHAPTER 8 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis is an Evaluation and comparison of

capital and environmental costs of a project to estimate its relative merits and
demerits.
112
CHAPTER 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
In order to minimize the impact due to the proposed project on the environment
and to keep the air and water quality within limits as stipulated by regulatory
authorities, a comprehensive environmental management plan is proposed. The
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) additionally recommends a system by
which all environments and ecology related issues will be resolved suitably.
10.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The EMP includes formulation, implementation and monitoring of

environmental protection measures during and after commissioning the project
with 0.038 T/M capacity. These are identified and dealt within the following
phases.
 Implementation Phase
 Operation Phase
 Environmental Monitoring & Management
10.1.1 Project Phase
The project activities are as follows:
 Land / Site clearing, road making

 Foundation, structural and concrete work
 Mechanical erection
 Transportation of machinery
 Temporary shed construction etc.
10.1.2 Operation Phase
a) Air Environment
113
The major emission sources are:
 Roads within the plant are properly maintained and water spraying
will be done regularly.
 New concrete roads will be formed inside the premises replacing mud
roads.
 Saplings will be planted
 All leakage point will be plugged thoroughly.
 In short, the fugitive emission shall be controlled by installation of
dust extraction and / or dust suppression systems.
b) Noise Environment
The impact of noise generated from this unit on the general population
is expected to be insignificant.
c) Water Environment
The Effluent from the process is treated by Effluent Treatment Plant and is used
for gardening and toilet flushing.
d) Land Environment
There would be a slightly positive impact, as the proposal would involve in the
development the greenbelt thus improving the land use and soil chemistry.
114
e) Green Belt
Greenbelt will be developed inside the factory premises covering a total area of
about 0.190 hectares. The unit will also develop the nearby area around the
industry for greenbelt. The inter-spaces are laid with shrubs. The inter-space
between trees planted is about 5m. It is proposed to double the tree density in
future.
Occupational Health, Safety & Protective measures
For protective of Occupational and relative hazards the Management will

implement the following measures to protective its works forces.
1. Pre-employment Medical Examination.

2. Periodical Medical Examination.
3. Provision of First-Aid and treatment of common ailments
4. Counseling and Health education to the employees and their wards
Occupational Health Safety
 Pre-periodic post medical checks for Employees

 Occupational health and Audit surveillance will be carried for workers
 Medical surveillance as prescribed in the section 41C of Factories act
1948
 For safety of working personnel the following steps will be undertaken
 Training for all working personnel
 All moving parts will be fully fenced
 Arrangement for prompt power cut from transmission equipment
 Hoist Crane etc., maintained and examined at intervals
 All working places will have safe means of access and exit
 PPEs use will be mandatory in the required places
115
Post Project Monitoring
 Periodical monitoring of the ambient air quality, stack emissions,

noise levels, water and soil quality, etc. in and around the Plants shall
be undertaken as per the MoEF/TNPCB Norms either departmentally
or by appointing external agencies wherever necessary.
Environmental Monitoring Programme
(a) The environment, safety and health monitoring programme in the factory
are as follows:
Particulars Parameter Frequency
Ambient Air Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 Monthly
Safety and Occupational Health -- Yearly
116
CHAPTER 11 SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
10.1 Project Description
10.1.1 Introduction
M/s. Nuray Chemicals Private Limited is proposed to install the pharma unit
with the capacity of 0.038 T/M at S.F. Nos. 157 & 158, Kakkalur Village,
Thiruvallur Taluk, Thiruvallur District, which is located 3 km away from
Thiruvallur town
10.1.2 Plant Location
M/s. Nuray Chemicals Private Limited has purchased the existing unit of
M/s.Fischer Chemic Limited.
M/s. Fischer Chemic Limited already has a valid consent order from TNPCB
(Vide No. F.TLR0087/US/DEE/TNPCB/TLR/W/2012 dated 03.07.2012 valid
up to 30.06.2013). M/s. Nuray Chemicals Private Limited now proposed to go
for small modifications with existing building structures with the capacity of
0.038 T/M at S.F. Nos. 157 & 158, Kakkalur Village, Thiruvallur Taluk,
Thiruvallur District, which is located 3 km away from Thiruvallur town. It is in-
between the road connecting Thiruvallur and Avadi. The site is located
southern direction of this road. The nearest railway station is Thiruvallur.
117
10.1.3 Products & Production Capacity
Capacity
S.No. Product Name Type Application
(T/M)
Hyperphosphatemia (Increase
Ferric Citrate
1 0.01 the phosphate level in the
hydrate
blood)
Tramadol
2 0.01 Analgesic (Pain)
Hydrochloride
Cetirizine
3 0.01 Allergy & Fever
dihydrochloride
Bulk
Glycerol Phenyl
4 0.004 Drug Urea cycle disorders
butrate
5 Aripiprazole 0.001 Antipsychotic agent
6 Vigabatrin 0.001 Antiepileptic drug
7 Alosetron 0.002 Irritable bowel syndrome
10.1.4 Raw Material
Quantity
S.No. Name of the Raw Material Category
(T/M)
1 Ferric Chloride hexahydrate 0.003 Hazard

Non
2 Citric acid monohydrate 0.006
Hazard
3 Acetonitrile 0.009 Hazard
4 Acetone 0.05 Hazard
Non
5 Tramadol Base 0.007
Hazard
118
6 Iso Propyl alcohol 0.022 Hazard

7 Dry HCl 0.04 Hazard
8 2-{4-[(4-Chloro-phenyl)-phenyl-methyl]- 0.06 Hazard

piperazin-1-yl}-ethanol
9 Sodiummonochloroacetate 0.002 Hazard
10 Toluene 0.106 Hazard
11 Sodium Hydroxide 0.001 Hazard
Non
12 Phenyl Butyric acid 0.004
Hazard
Non
13 Glycerol 0.001
Hazard
Non
14 PTSA 0.002
Hazard
15 7-(4-Chloro-butoxy)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2- 0.005 Hazard

one (7 CBQ)
1-(2,3-Dichloro-phenyl) Non
16 0.001
-piperazine.Hydrochloride (DCCP) Hazard
Non
17 Isopropyl alcohol 0.004
Hazard
18 5-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidinone 0.001 Hazard
19 Triethylamine 0.0003 Hazard
Non
Hazard
21 Dimethylsulphate 0.0002 Hazard
22 Methyl imidazole methanol HCl 0.0001 Hazard
Non
23 N-Methyl pyrrolidinone 0.0007
Hazard
119
Non
24 Sodium bicarbonate 0.0002
Hazard
10.1.5 Manufacturing Process
1.Ferric Citrate Hydrate
Process details
 Citric acid was added to a stirred solution of Ferric hydroxide in water at

80Degree Centigrade for 2 hours.
 Reaction mass was cooled to Room Temperature and hen Acetonitrile
added to get crude Ferric Citrate
 The Crude Ferric Citrate was purified by using Acetonea
b. Flow Chart
Ferric chloride hexahydrate

Citric acid monohydrate
Water Reaction
Acetonitrile
Precipitation
Crude Ferric citrate salt
120
Crude ferric citrate
Acetone
Ferric citrate salt
Packing
2.Tramadol Hydrochloride:
a. Process details:
 The solution of Tramadol base in Isopropyl alcohol is reacted with Dry Hydrochloric
acid at room temperature to afford solid
 The solid again washed with isopropyl alcohol and suck dried to give Tramadol
Hydrochloride
121
b Flow Chart:
Tramadol Base
Reaction
Dry HCL
Drying
Isopropylaclcohol
Tramadol Hydrochloride salt
Packing
3.Cetirizine dihydrochloride:
a Process Details:
 2-{4-[(4-Chloro-phenyl)-phenyl-methyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanol was taken in toluene
 Toluene solution reacted with sodium mono chloroacetate in presence of sodium

hydroxide to give cetirizine base
 Ceitrizine base in acetone is treated with dry Hydrochloride gas to yield Cetirizine
hydrochloride salt
122
b Flow Chart:
2-{4-[(4-Chloro-phenyl)-
Phenyl-methyl]-
Piperazin-1-yl}-
Ethanol
Sodium mono
Chloroacetate Reaction
Sodium Hydroxide Extraction
Toluene
Water
Crude Cetirizine
Crude cetirizine
Acetone
Purification
Dry HCl
Drying
Cetirizinedi Hydrochloride
Packing
123
4.Glycerol phenyl butyrate
a Process Details:
 To a stirred solution of Phenyl butyric acid in toluene, P-toluene sulfonic acid was
added at room temperature and stirred
 To that solution Glycerol was added and heated to 120°C for 24 h, cooled to room
temperature.
 Solvent distilled to get Glycerol Phenyl butyrate
b Flow Chart :
Phenyl butyric acid
Glycerol
Toluene Reaction
Water
PTSA Extraction
Distillation
Drying
Glycerol phenyl butyrate
Packing
5. Aripirazole:
a. Process Details:
 To a stirred solution of 7-(4-Chloro-butoxy)-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one in toluene
 Sodium hydroxide was added at RT and then 1-(2, 3-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazine was

added and Stirred for about 6h
 Toluene Distilled to get crude Aripirazole, which was further purified by isopropyl
alcohol
124
b. Flow chart
7 CBQ
DCCP
Reaction
Sodium Hydroxide
Extraction
Toluene
Water
Crude Aripirazole
Crude Aripiprazole
Isopropyl alcohol
Purification
Drying
Aripirazole
Packing
125
6. Vigabatrin
a Process Details:
 To a stirred solution of 5-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone in water, Hydrochloric acid was

added and heated to 60° C for 4h
 Reaction mass cooled to RT, Isopropyl alcohol was added and layer separated
 Isopropyl alcohol was distilled to get crude
 crystallized with isopropyl alcohol to get vigabatrin
b Flow Chart
5-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidionone
Reaction
Dry HCl
Extraction
Toluene
Distillation
Water
Crude Vigabatrin
Crude Vigabatrin
Isopropyl alcohol
Dry HCl
Vigabatrin
Packing
126
7. Alosetron
a. Process Details:
 Tetra hydro Pyridoindol-1-one was taken in acetone, sodium hydroxide and

water stirred for 30mins.
 Dimethylsulphate was added and stirred for 2hrs. Water and formed solid
Filtered to get N-Methyl- Tetra hydro Pyridoindol-1-one
 N-Methyl- Tetra hydro Pyridoindol-1-one and Methyl imidazole methanol

HCl condensed in presence of N-Methylpyrrolidione, PTSA to get Alosetron
 Formed Alosetron treated with Dry Hydrochloric acid in presence of

Acetone to get Alosetron Hydrochloride salt.
b .Flow Chart
Tetra hydro Pyridonindol-1-one
Dimethyl sulphate
Water
Reaction
Sodium Hyroxide
Acetone
Step-1
Methyl imidazole
Methanol HCL
Step-1
Reaction
N-Methylpyrrolidione
Neutralization
Water
Salt Formation
PTSA
127
Alosetron Hydrochloride
Packing
10.1.6 Power and Fuels
The total power requirement of this unit will be 140 HP. During
shutdown/maintenance power will be drawn from in house diesel generator for
the capacity of 125 KVA.
10.1.7 Raw Water
This unit proposes to consume 15 m3/day of raw water for its process and non-
process uses. The entire raw water requirement for the unit will be purchased
from SIDCO water suppliers.
10.1.8 Land
The total area allotted for thisunit is 0.749 hectares.
10.1.9 Manpower
The pharmaceutical unit will have about 50 employees for its normal working.
128
10.1.10 Organization Structure
The General Manager is responsible for the factory operations. There are
several executives for various sections such as Operation, Human Resource,
Purchase, Accounts, Environmental & Safety, Maintenance, and Quality
Control etc.
10.2 Description of the Environment
10.2.1 Climate
The study area is situated in the warm climatic belt with moderate humidity.
May is the hottest month with maximum temperature of 40.30C. January is
the coolest month with minimum temperature of 20.80C. The rainfall is
mostly due to the NE and SW monsoon season with the average precipitation
of 1300 mm per year. The maximum rainfall is generally experienced in the
months of August, September and October.
10.2.2 Ecology
There is no endangered species of flora and fauna noticed in this area. The area
does not shelter any specific wildlife.
10. 2.3 Hydrological Conditions
10.2.3.1 Surface Water
The run-off during monsoon period contributes to the surface water. These
villages get water due to rain in rainy season.
129
10.2.3.2 Ground water
Ground water drawn through hand pumps, open wells and private water supply
systems at selected towns are the main sources for domestic use.
10.2.4 Water Quality
Water samples were collected from different locations, and the following
parameters were monitored for pH, Colour (Visual), Odour, Turbidity (NTU),
Electrical Conductivity, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids,
Chlorides (as Cl), Sulphates (asSO4), Calcium (as Ca), Magnesium (as Mg),
Total Hardness(as CaCO3), Phenolphthalein Alkalinity(as CaCO3), Total
Alkalinity (as CaCO3), Iron (as Fe).
10.2.5 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Levels
The ambient air quality was studied for various locations. It is found that the
Particulate Matter (PM10) is found to vary from 40 g/m3 to a maximum of
62g/m3. The concentration of NO2 and SO2 are found to be very low. The
noise levels recorded at various locations indicate that it is mostly less than 56
dB (A).
10. 2.6 Land Use Pattern
This Site is classified as SIDCO Industrial Area by the Tamilnadu Government.
130
10.3 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
10.3.1 Air Emissions and Control Measures
S.
No.
Wood Fired
(0.5 T/hr)-2 Nos.

2
10.3.2 Wastewater Generation and Method of Treatment
Quantity
Category 3 Method of treatment and Disposal
(m /day)
Waste water
4.0
from Process
Treated by the Effluent Treatment Plant
Waste water followed by the R.O. Plant Stage I & II and
4.0 R.O. Reject evaporated by the Mechanical
from Washing
Evaporator.
Boiler Blow
2.0
down
131
Cooling tower
1.0
bleed off
Back Wash of
Purified Water 2.0
System
Sewage 2.0 Disposed through septic tank with dispersion

trench.
10.3.3 Solid Waste generation and method of disposal
1. General Scrap 200 kg/M Sold out.
10.3.4 Hazardous Waste Generation & mode of Disposal
500
1. Sludge from ETP
kg/M
Collected, stored and disposed to
150 TSDF for landfill.
kg/M
Residue from Solvent Collected, stored and disposed to

3. 15 kg/M
distillation TSDF for incineration.
132
150 Disposed through authorized

4. Waste Oil
kg/M recyclers.
10.3.5 Noise Level

The noise level inside & outside the factory will be maintained at low level.
10.4 Environmental Monitoring Programme
10.4.1 Environmental Monitoring
The environment, safety and health monitoring programme in the factory are as
follows:
Particulars Parameter Frequency
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 &

Ambient Air Quality Monthly
CO
Safety and Occupational

-- Yearly
Health
10.4.2 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Management
133
Capital Annual Operating

S.No. Description Cost Cost
(Rupees in lakhs)
1 Air pollution management 15 1.0
Water and wastewater

2 50 4.0
management
3 Solid waste management 25 1.0
4 Greenbelt 10 0.5
5 Environmental monitoring 15 2.5
Total 115 9.0
10.5 Additional Studies
10.5.1 Socio-economic Conditions
There is no habitation or settlement nearby the site. The nearest village

Kakkalur is having a population of 8943 with 4535 males and 4407 females as
per 2001 census data.
10.6 Project Benefits
10.6.1 Socio-economic benefit
134
The proposed project on implementation will generate 50 potential jobs directly,

and will also generate many indirect job opportunities.
Due to the proposed project, indirect employment to the extent of 50 will be

generated. The Government revenue from the project will increase by way of
direct and indirect taxes, duties, etc. The infrastructure development will get an
impetus with this industrial growth. Communications, transport, schools,
hospitals, trade and commerce will indirectly get an impetus.
10.7 Environmental Management Plan
10.7.1 Land Degradation
Since, only small quantity of wastewater will be generated from domestic

usages, the chances of contamination of soil will be nil. The vacant area in the
industry will be used for tree plantation to improve the surrounding environment
of the industry.
10.7.2 Greenbelt Plan
Greenbelt is to be developed inside the factory premises covering a total area of

about 0.190 hectare. The unit will also develop the nearby area around the
industry for greenbelt. The inter-spaces are laid with shrubs. The inter-space
between trees planted is about 5m. It is proposed to double the tree density in
future.
10.6 Conclusion
135
The proposed pharmaceutical unit has certain level of marginal impacts on the
local environment. However, with the implementation of the proposed control
and environment management measures, even the minor impacts anticipated
due to construction and operation of the proposed unit will be mitigated.
Further, development activities like employment generation, social benefits
through Corporate Social responsibility will improve the surrounding system.
The generation capacity of pharmaceutical unit will meet the demand of drugs
& in turn improving the health of peoples.
The overall assessment shows that the adverse effects on environment are
insignificant when compare with their benefits and advantages to the region and
Nation through its proposed activity.
CHAPTER 12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
Team Labs and Consultants is the consultant involved in the EIA/EMP study
and report preparation based on the TOR obtained by SEAC, Tamilnadu
About Team Labs and Consultants:

Team Labs and Consultants is an independent company
that offers environmental engineering consultancy, laboratory services,
resettlement and rehabilitation, and safety and health studies like risk
assessment and disaster management plan. We work with public and private
sector clients in a range of markets, including process industry sector,
136
engineering industry sector, power sector, mining sector, irrigation, and

infrastructure sectors. A total of about 25 environmentally and socially
committed Team labs personnel implement various projects of Testing,
Evaluation, Assessment, and Monitoring. We deliver client services through a
small central core of highly experienced professionals, supplemented by a team
of outstanding individuals in their respective fields and, where appropriate, an
international network of associates.
Team Labs and Consultants have its Laboratory and office at Hyderabad and
have experience of conducting field jobs all over Andhra Pradesh and various
states in India.
Team Labs and Consultants also aims at working together with the client's own
staff if possible, and with other national and international consultants. In that
way the project implementation also results in a transfer of knowledge and
technology, which can be emphasized by including a specific training or
institution/human resource development aspect in the project.
Accreditation
Team Labs and Consultants were registered as a laboratory with the Andhra
Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Hyderabad. The company is in the process
obtaining registration from the Ministry of Environment and Forests,
government of India. Team Labs and Consultants have state of the art laboratory
facilities for conducting extensive analysis for various environmental
parameters.
SERVICES PROVIDED
137
Team Labs and Consultants services include preparation of Environmental

Impact Assessment, Environment Management Plan, Risk Assessment, Disaster
Management Plan, Safety Audit, Waste Minimization Audit, Eco Counseling,
feasibility studies for Effluent Treatment Plants, design and engineering,
preparation of technical specifications and contract documents, ETP Project
management, construction supervision, rehabilitation and up-gradation and
operational management of Air and water pollution control measures. Team
Labs was able to benefit from the increasing demand for environmental and
integrated services in Indian market.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCY SERVICES
Environmental consultancy services are offered to conduct various studies based

on the operating guidelines of World Bank, Asian development bank and the
statutory acts of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India and
the guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board.
 Environmental Impact Assessment
 Environment Management Plan
 Social Assessment
 Need assessment
 Resettlement and Rehabilitation plan
 Land Acquisition plan
 Corporate social Responsibility plan
Sustainability Report
 Environmental Baseline Data Generation
 Environmental Audit
 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan
138
 Health Risk Assessment

 Design and Engineering Services
 Eco-Counseling
 Laboratory services
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL SERVICES

Environmental Monitoring and analytical services are provided by our
laboratory which was registered with the AP State Pollution Control Board. The
monitoring and analysis are conducted based on the guidelines and methods
provided by Bureau of Indian Standards, Central Pollution control Board,
American Public Health Association and US Environment Protection Agency.
 Air Quality Studies
 Water Quality Studies
 Soil & Solid Waste quality Studies
 Noise Pollution
 Environmental Baseline Data Generation
 Ecological Studies
CLIENTS LIST
For Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs
and intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic
chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates)
1. Ranbaxy laboratories Ltd., Toansa, Nawanshahar, Punjab
2. Vivimed labs Ltd., Boyyapalem Village, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
3. Loven Labs ltd., Vijayanagaram dist.
4. Andhra Sugars Limited, Tanuku, West Godavari District, AP
139
5. Vasant Chemicals Private Limited Western Sector, AP-SEZ,

Atchutapuram
6. Venshiv Pharma Chem. Pvt. Ltd., Industrial Estate, Cuddapah District,
Andhra Pradesh
7. Andra Medi Pharma India Pvt. Ltd., Veeravalli village, Bapulapadu
Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh
8. Venlar Labs Pvt. Ltd., Dhotigudem Village, Pochampally Mandal,
Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh
9. SVR Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh.
10. Frinze Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Pishini village, Srikakulam District,
Andhra Pradesh
11. Chemisphere APIIC Adoni, Kurnool District
12. Lantech Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Chitivalasa village, Pydi Bhimavaram
panchayat, Ranastalam mandal, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh
13. Pochiraju Industries IDA Nadikudi, Guntur District
14. Sri radhas Biotech India Pvt. Ltd.
15. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Limited (API-SEZ) IDA, Pydibhimavaram
panchayat, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh
16. Vansar Laboratories Private Ltd. Tupakulagudem, west godavari District.
17. Vensub Laboratories Private Ltd. Tupakulagudem, west godavari District.
18. Deepak Nitrate Limited API - SEZ Unit III IDA Jeedimetla, Ranga
Reddy District, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
19. Deepak Nitrate Limited API - SEZ Unit II IDA Jeedimetla, Ranga Reddy
District, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
20. Deepak Nitrate Limited API - SEZ Unit I IDA Jeedimetla, Ranga Reddy
District, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
21. J.C Biotech Pvt. Ltd. Unit II, Ongole Growth Centre, Prakasam District,
AP
140
22. Neo Poly Industries Chinna Shivnoor, Chegunta Mandal, Medak District
23. Neutra Specialities Private Limited Chandrapadia, Vinjamuru Mandal,
Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh
24. Doctor Organic Chemicals Ltd. K.Illindalaparru village, Irragavaram
mandal, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh
25. People’s Biological Drugs Pvt. Ltd. Brahmanakoduru, Guntur District
26. Tyche Industries Ltd. Sarpavaram, Kakinada East Godavari Dist
27. BASF India Ltd. Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada dt, Karnataka
28. Glory Pharma Chem Pvt Ltd, Gajulamanyam, Renigunta, Chittoor district
29. BASF India Ltd. Mangalore Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka
30. Hetero Drugs Ltd., Nakkapalli Visakhapatnam
31. Hetero Labs Limited, Nakkapalli Visakhapatnam
32. Symed Laboratories Ltd., Nakkapalli Visakhapatnam
33. Cyrex Nakkapalli Visakhapatnam
34. Hetero Labs Limited, Nakkapalli Visakhapatnam
35. Saraca Laboratories Ltd., Srikakulam district, AP
36. Vani chemicals Ltd., IDA Bidar, Karnataka
37. Noven Life Science pvt ltd., Rampur IDA, Warangal
38. Ceflon Drugs, Rachanapalli Village, Ananthapur Rural mandal,
Ananthapur District
39. Manasa Organics Pvt Ltd., IDA NEllimarla, Vizianagaram district.
40. Saraca Laboratories Ltd., Srikakulam district, AP
41. Andhra Organics Limited, Srikakulam District
42. New Era Laboratories Limited, Pashamilaram, Medak district
141

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DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

For the Proposed Modification of Existing Infrastructure

NURAY CHEMICALS PRIVATE LIMITED

TEAM LABS AND CONSULTANTS

CHAPTER 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS &

Nuray Chemical Private Limited, proposed to establish a pharmaceutical unit

1.1 About the Company

(i) EMPLOYMENT GENERATION (DIRECT AND INDIRECT) DUE TO THE

1.2 Need for the project

The Indian pharmaceutical industry ranks 14th in the world by value of

Rise in outsourcing activities: Increase in the outsourcing business to India

Growth in healthcare financing products: Development in the Indian financial

Demand in the generics market: During 2008-2015, prescription drugs worth

Demand from emerging segments: Some of the emerging segments such as

1.3 Environmental Clearance Process

In terms of the Notification dated 14th September 2006, as amended on

Project or Category with Threshold Limit

≥ 50 MW (Pet Coke Diesel and <50MW ≥ 5MW (Pet Coke

Provided that the requirement regarding distance of 10km of the inter-state

The environmental clearance process for new projects will comprise of a

Stage (2) - Public consultation

Stages (3) – Appraisal

1.1.1 Methodology of EIA

1.1.1.1 Scope of EIA

1.1.1.2 Methodology for EIA

 An REIA has to be drawn up to maintain and enhance the environmental

The Environment (Protection)

Air (Prevention Water Water CPCB Public

EIA Notification S.O.1533 dated 14th

1.1.1.3 Study Period

1.1.1.4 Air Environment

For the environmental impact studies, an area covering 10 km radial distance

Pre-calibrated High Volume Sampler with Respirable Dust Sampling (RDS)

1.1.1.5 Noise Environment

1.1.1.6 Water Environment

1.1.1.7 Land Environment

1.1.1.9 Socio-Economic Environment

Chapter 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.0 Project description

Nuray Chemical Private Limited, proposed to establish a pharmaceutical unit

2.1 Plant Location

Nuray Chemicals Private Limited, proposed to establish a pharmaceutical unit

Plant Capacity 0.038 T/M

2.1.1 Land use planning

Building area 0.375 Hectare

Road Area 0.136 Hectare

Green belt area 0.190 Hectare

Vacant area 0.048 Hectare

Total area 0.749 Hectare

The micrometeorological conditions prevailing in the region are as follows:

Predominant wind direction : W/SW (Quadrants)

Seismic Zone Intensity on MM scale

2.2 Soil classification and Quality

The nearest railway station is at Thiruvallur.

The nearest airport is at Chennai around 30 Km away from the project

Industries nearby Nuray Chemicals Private Limited

Tamilnadu State Map showing Thiruvallur District and

Topo Map of the Project site (10 km Radius)