Published on the commemoration of the centenary of the

Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh

2020- 21

Hydrocarbon Unit
Energy and Mineral Resources Division
Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources

December 2021
 Preface

Report on Energy Scenario, Bangladesh was prepared and published by Hydrocarbon Unit for
the first time in October 2009. The present one is the issue of Energy Scenario, Bangladesh
for the period of July 2020 to June 2021. In this report, Energy Scenario of Bangladesh has
been reflected. Daily average gas production rate has been included in the report as well.
Moreover, Share of Primary and Commercial energy, Sector-wise Liquid fuel consumption,
Historical Gas production and Net Energy Generation along with the graphical presentation
have been depicted.

This report has been prepared based on the data available from the Monthly Reserve and Gas
Production Report of HCU and Monthly Information System (MIS) of Petrobangla. Bangla-
desh Petroleum Corporation (BPC), Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB).

It is expected that the report will be helpful as reference book and elements of interest for the
concerned.

The report will also be available at HCU's website: www.hcu.org.bd.

Date: 1 December , 2021 Dr. Md. Rafiqul Islam

Director General (Additional Charge), Hydrocarbon Unit

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 i|Page

 Nasrul Hamid MP
Honorable State Minister
Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resource
Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh

Message from Honorable State Minister

I express my heartiest congratulation to the initiative of publishing “Energy Sce-

nario of Bangladesh 2020-21” by Hydrocarbon Unit.
Energy is undoubtedly a substantial factor in socio-economic development, industri-
alization and poverty alleviation of a country that needs to be addressed with im-
mense care. The present government of Bangladesh has been conducting energy secu-
rity and diversification of energy sources with top most priority since taking power.
For this reason, Hydrocarbon Unit (HCU) the think tank of EMRD, publishes Energy
Scenario of Bangladesh every year. This publication is very inclusive and informative
for all stakeholders reflecting current, historical & upcoming energy trends in Bang-
ladesh.

I wish every success of this initiative.

Joy Bangla, Joy Bangabandhu.

Long live Bangladesh

(Nasrul Hamid MP)

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 ii | P a g e

 Md. Anisur Rahman
Senior Secretary
Energy & Mineral Resources Division
Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh

A Welcome Message from the Senior Secretary

I take the opportunity in appreciating Hydrocarbon Unit for the publication of “En-
ergy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21”. Hydrocarbon Unit (HCU) being the
technical arm as well as the think tank of Energy and Mineral Resources Division
(EMRD) tends to assist it in achieving energy security by providing updated data and
analysis of primary, commercial and alternative energy and mineral resources. That is
the reason HCU publishes Energy Scenario of Bangladesh every year. This publication
is very inclusive and informative for the policymaker reflecting present, historical &
future energy trends in Bangladesh.

I appreciate Hydrocarbon Unit for this publication.

(Md. Anisur Rahman)

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 iii | P a g e

 Dr. Md. Rafiqul Islam
Director General (Additional Charge)
Hydrocarbon Unit
Energy & Mineral Resources Division
Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh

Message from the Director General

It is an honor to announce that Hydrocarbon Unit (The Think Tank of EMRD) has
published “Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21” aimed at assisting tech-
nical expertise to the policymaker and sharing current technical ideas and views with
the respective stakeholders.

We have strived to make this Energy Scenario a high-quality publication. This publi-
cation is very inclusive containing overall gas sector scenario, share of Primary and
Commercial energy, overall liquid fuel scenario, status of coal sector, LPG, LNG, pow-
er sector at a glance, Net Energy Generation, renewable energy etc. along with the
graphical presentation have been depicted.

Hydrocarbon Unit is looking forward to preparing more dynamic and infographic this
type of publication in the following year.

(Dr. Md. Rafiqul Islam)

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 iv | P a g e

 Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1
2.0 CURRENT POSITION OF ENERGY RESOURCES ........................................................................ 2
3.0 NATURAL GAS .................................................................................................................................. 5
3.1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................ 5
3.2 NATURAL GAS RESERVE .......................................................................................................................... 5
3.3 NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION ................................................................................................................. 8
3.4 NATURAL GAS DEMAND .......................................................................................................................... 9
3.5 LNG IMPORT TO SUPPLEMENT INDIGENOUS SUPPLY ................................................................................ 9
3.6 EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES...................................................................................................................... 11
3.7 FUTURE PLANNING: ................................................................................................................................ 15
3.8 EXPLORATION OF UNCONVENTIONAL FORM OF ENERGY ........................................................................ 15
4.0 OIL (PETROLEUM) SECTOR......................................................................................................... 16
4.1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE .............................................................................................................. 16
4.2 SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION OF OIL ....................................................................................................... 16
4.3 CAPACITY ENACTMENT PROJECTS ......................................................................................................... 18
4.4 DEMAND FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS.................................................................................................... 21
4.5 SOURCE COUNTRIES FOR IMPORTED OILS .............................................................................................. 21
5.0 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) ......................................................................................... 22
6.0 COAL ................................................................................................................................................. 23
7.0 PEAT .................................................................................................................................................. 25
8.0 CONDENSATE AND NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS (NGL) ............................................................... 26
9.0 POWER SUB-SECTOR .................................................................................................................... 26
9.1 PRIMARY ENERGY MIX FOR POWER GENERATION ................................................................................. 26
9.2 ELECTRICITY IMPORT ............................................................................................................................. 30
10.0 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES .......................................................................................... 31
10.1 TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FUELS ............................................................................................................... 31
10.2 CONVENTIONAL HYDROPOWER .............................................................................................................. 33
10.3 NEW-RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES ................................................................................................ 34
i. Solar Energy ................................................................................................................................................. 34
ii. Bio fuel........................................................................................................................................................... 36
iii. Wind Energy............................................................................................................................................. 36
iv. Tidal Energy ............................................................................................................................................. 37
v. Wave Energy ................................................................................................................................................. 38
vi. River Current ........................................................................................................................................... 38
vii. Waste to Electrical Energy ...................................................................................................................... 38

11.0 NUCLEAR POWER .......................................................................................................................... 38

12.0 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 40

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 v|Page

 List of Tables
Table 1: Energy calculation for 2020-21. (MTOE) ................................................................................. 3
Table 2: Natural Gas Sector at a Glance .................................................................................................. 5
Table 3: Natural Gas Supply & Demand ................................................................................................. 9
Table 4: LNG Scenario .......................................................................................................................... 11
Table 5: Petroleum Sector at a Glance (2020-21) .................................................................................. 17
Table 6: Sale of Petroleum Products by BPC during last 10 Year......................................................... 17
Table 7: Sector wise petroleum consumption 2020-21 .......................................................................... 18
Table 8: ERL Process plant scenario ..................................................................................................... 20
Table 9: LPG scenario of last 5 year ...................................................................................................... 22
Table 10: Coal Fields of Bangladesh ..................................................................................................... 24
Table 11: Coal scenario of last 5 year .................................................................................................... 24
Table 12: Bangladesh’s Power Sector: At a Glance (2020-21) ............................................................. 27
Table 13: Power Production Capacity (Technology wise) in MW 2020-21 .......................................... 28
Table 14: Electricity Import Scenario 2019-20 ...................................................................................... 31
Table 15: Planned Nuclear Power Reactors ........................................................................................... 39

List of Figures
Figure 1: Share of Total Primary Energy (2020-21) ................................................................................ 3
Figure 2: Share of Total Commercial Energy (2020-21) ......................................................................... 4
Figure 3: Year-wise (2008-20) Commercial Energy in MTOE ................................................................... 4
Figure 4: Historical Gas Production in Bangladesh (2008 – 2020) ......................................................... 6
Figure 5: Well-wise gas production in 2020-21 ....................................................................................... 7
Figure 6: Sector wise Gas Consumption in Bangladesh (2020-21) ......................................................... 8
Figure 7: Maheshkhali LNG Terminal................................................................................................... 10
Figure 8: Seismic Survey by BAPEX .................................................................................................... 12
Figure 9: 3-D Seismic Survey by BAPEX ............................................................................................. 13
Figure 10: Future Planning by BAPEX ................................................................................................. 15
Figure 11: Sector wise Liquid Fuel Consumption in Bangladesh (2019-20) ......................................... 18
Figure 12: Crude Oil Refining Process .................................................................................................. 19
Figure 13: Single Point Mooring (SPM) with Double Pipeline ............................................................. 21
Figure 14: LPG Scenario in Last 5 years in Bangladesh ....................................................................... 23
Figure 15: Coal scenario of last 5 year .................................................................................................. 25
Figure 16: Total Installed Capacity 22,031MW (2020-21) ................................................................... 27
Figure 17: Power Production Capacity (Technology wise) in MW 2020-21 ........................................ 28
Figure 18: Historical Net Electricity Generation (GWh) in Bangladesh ............................................... 29
Figure 19: Power Generation by Fuel Type (2020-21) .......................................................................... 29
Figure 20: Sector wise Power consumption Pattern (2020-21).............................................................. 30
Figure 21: Bangladesh India Power Transmission Plant, Bheramara (Kustia) ...................................... 30
Figure 22: Conventional Biomass plant and ILRRC (Jashore) Operation ............................................. 32
Figure 23: Biomass Potential of Bangladesh (2012 –13)....................................................................... 32
Figure 24: Bangladesh’s Largest (73 MW) Solar Power Plant, Mymensingh ....................................... 35
Figure 25: Solar Pump System in Rangpur District ............................................................................... 36
Figure 26: Windmill in Kutubdia, Cox’s bazar...................................................................................... 37

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 vi | P a g e

1.0 Introduction

Bangladesh is a mid-income country. Her GDP growth rate is one of the world’s larg-
est. For any country, development is the precondition for continued growth of GDP. And the
main driving force of the country's development is energy. Proper use of energy is essential
to meet the country's growing energy demands as well as to lift up from a mid-income coun-
try to a developed country. Energy is playing a vital role in implementing Vision-2121, Vi-
sion-2041 and achieving Sustainable Development Goals.

In Bangladesh, about 62 percent of energy demand is met from natural gas. Among
other fuels- oil, coal, biomass etc. are vital. There is a huge reserve of coal in our country, but
coal is less produced as well as less used here. On the other hand, natural gas reserve is not
that substantial, but its production and consumption are the highest among the available re-
sources. Besides those, energy demand is being met through imported oil and LPG. Moreo-
ver, the government has already started importing LNG to meet increasing gas demand. Bi-
omass is being used as a lion’s share of energy. The energy demand is also being met by im-
porting electricity from India.

The use of renewable energy instead of gas, coal and oil has been started in the whole
world and is essential for sustainable development and keeping up with the environment by
preventing carbon emissions. Many countries in the world like Sweden, Germany, China and
USA are currently using renewable energy as a significant part of their energy demand.
Bangladesh is also using renewable energy, but it’s very less than necessity. The government
has taken various steps to increase the use of renewable energy in the future, including solar
home system, solar irrigation system, Rooppur nuclear project, etc.

Development of energy sector is the key factor for continued development of the coun-
try. Bangladesh needs to emphasize on the new exploration activities using latest techniques
to explore new mines. Apart from reducing dependence on natural gas, it needs to be coordi-
nated with the imported LNG and enhance the percentage of usage oil and LPG; thereby
Bangladesh will succeed in reaching its desired goal of development.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 1|Page

2.0 Current Position of Energy Resources

Known commercial energy resources in Bangladesh include indigenous natural gas,

coal, imported oil, LPG, imported LNG, imported electricity and hydro-electricity. Biomass
accounts for about 27% of the primary energy and the rest 73% is being met by commercial
energy. Natural gas accounts for about 62% of the commercial energy (with 12% imported
LNG). Imported oil accounts for the lion's share of the rest. In this year, Bangladesh imports
about 8.5million metric ton of crude and refined Petroleum Products. Apart from natural gas
and crude oil, coal is mainly used as fuel in the brick-fields and Thermal Power Plant.

Moreover, power is also generated by capitalizing Solar Home System (SHS) in on-
grid and off grid areas. The amount of power generation using solar system is currently about
542.44 MW. In addition, there are some poultry and dairy farms in which bio-gas plants are
being set up and this bio-gas is used for cooking and power generation. The amount of power
generation from such plants is currently about 0.69 MW. Generation of electricity by Bio-
Mass Gasification Method is 0.4 MW in the country.

[Source: http://www.renewableenergy.gov.bd/]

Estimated final consumption of total energy is around 56.24 MTOE. Average increase
of energy consumption is about 6% per annum. Per capita consumption of energy in Bangla-
desh is on an average 331 kgoe (Kilogram Oil Equivalent) and per capita generation of elec-
tricity is 560 kWh with an access to electricity 99.5%, which is lower than those of South
Asian neighboring countries.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 2|Page

 Table 1: Energy calculation for 2020-21. (MTOE)

[Source: HCU Data Bank]

Name Unit Unit Mtoe

Oil (Crude + Refined ) K ton 8347 356.4169 8.35
LPG K ton 1441 61.5307 1.44
Natural Gas Bcf 892.76 883.8324 20.70
LNG Bcf 216.1 213.939 5.01
Coal (Imported) K ton 6751 182.277 4.27
Coal (Local) K ton 754 20.358 0.48
RE (Hydro) MW 230 7.25328 0.17
RE (Solar+wind) MW 535.4 16.88437 0.40
Electricity (Imported) MW 1160 36.58176 0.86
Total Commercial 1779.073 41.66
Biomass 14.58
Total Primary 56.24

Share of Total Primary Energy 56.24 MTOE

RE
(Solar+wind) ,
0.40, 1% Oil (Crude + Refined ),
8.35, 15%
Electricity (Imported),
0.86, 1%
Oil (Crude + Refined )
RE Biomass, 14.58, 26%
(Hydro) , LPG , 1.44, 2% LPG
0.17, 0% Natural Gas
Coal
(Local) , Coal (Imported), 4.27, LNG
0.48, 1% 8%
Natural Gas , 20.70, Coal (Imported)
37%
LNG , 5.01, 9% Coal (Local)
RE (Hydro)
RE (Solar+wind)
Electricity (Imported)
Biomass

[Source: HCU Data Bank]

Figure 1: Share of Total Primary Energy (2020-21)

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 3|Page

 SHARE OF TOTAL COMMERCIAL ENERGY 41.66 MTOE

Electricity
(Imported), Coal
0.86, 2% (Imported), RE (Hydro) ,
4.27,
Coal 10% ,
(Local) Oil (Crude +
0.17, 0%
0.48, Refined ), 8.35,
RE1%
20%
(Solar+wind) ,
0.40, 1% LPG , 1.44, 4%
LNG , 5.01, 12%

Natural Gas ,
20.70, 50%

[Source: HCU Data Bank]

Figure 2: Share of Total Commercial Energy (2020-21)

Bangladesh also has a bright potential to produce electricity from wind and mini-
hydro. Recently, solar power based irrigation pump has been used in a number of areas of the
country. Its wide use will lessen the pressure on diesel and electricity.

Year-wise (2008-20) Commercial Energy in MTOE

45
40 39.85 40.52 41.66
35 34.5
32.8 33.1
30 29.82
25 26.48
20 19.3
15
10
5
0
2008-09 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
[Source: HCU Data Bank]

Figure 3: Year-wise (2008-20) Commercial Energy in MTOE

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 4|Page

3.0 Natural Gas

3.1 Organizational Structure

Bangladesh Oil, Gas, and Mineral Corporation, short named Petrobangla, under the
Energy and Mineral Resources Division of the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Re-
sources is entrusted with the responsibility of exploration of oil and gas, and production,
transmission and marketing of natural gas in the country.

3.2 Natural Gas Reserve

Since first discovery in 1955 as of today 26 gas fields, 24 in the onshore and 2 in the
offshore have been discovered in the country. Of them 20 gas fields are in production, one
offshore gas field have depilated after 14 years of production while other offshore field has
not been viable for production due to small reserve. The estimated proven plus probable re-
coverable reserve was 40.09 Tcf. As of June 2020, a total of 18.68 Tcf gas has already been
produced leaving only 11.37 TCF recoverable reserve in proven plus probable category.
Some key information about the natural gas sector is presented in the Table 2.

Table 2: Natural Gas Sector at a Glance

Description Amount
Total number of gas fields 26
Number of gas fields in production 20
Number of producing wells 112
Present gas production capacity 2750 MMcfd
Avg. gas production rate 1744-2750 MMcfd
Avg. Gas Production/day 2978 MMcfd
Highest Production ( 6th May, 2015) 2785.80 MMcfd
Total recoverable ( Proven + Probable ) reserve 40.09 Tcf
Cumulative Production ( June,2021) 18.68 Tcf
Annual Production by NOC 307.27 Bcf (34%)
Annual Production by IOC 554.43 Bcf (66%)
Remaining Reserve ( Proven + Probable) 11.37 Tcf
Present Demand 3508 MMcfd
Present Deficit 530 MMcfd (along with LNG)
Number of Customer 43 Lakh (Appx.)
[Source: Petrobangla MIS Report and HCU Data Bank]

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 5|Page

 Historical Production of Gas (2008-09 to 2020-21) in Bcf

Gas, 972
Gas, 971

Gas, 965
Gas, 961

Gas, 892
Gas, 890

Gas, 887
1200

Gas, 820
Gas, 801
Gas, 744
Gas, 709
Gas, 704

1000
Gas, 654

800

600

LNG, 216
LNG, 203
LNG, 116
400
LNG, 0

LNG, 0

LNG, 0

LNG, 0

LNG, 0

LNG, 0

LNG, 0

LNG, 0

LNG, 0

LNG, 0
200

0
2012-13
2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

2017-18

2018-19

2019-20

2020-21
Gas LNG

[Source: Petrobangla, HCU Data Bank]

Figure 4: Historical Gas Production in Bangladesh (2008 – 2020)

Although natural gas was introduced as commercial fuel in early 1960s, its consumption got real mo-
mentum in eighties marking the beginning of the industrialization in the country.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 6|Page

Figure 5: Well-wise gas production in 2020-21

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 7|Page

 3.3 Natural Gas Consumption

The current average production of natural gas is about 2978 MMcfd. A total 892.76
Billion Cubic Feet (BCF) of natural gas was produced in 2020-21 which was used by power
42%, fertilizer 6%, captive power 17%, industry 18%, domestic 13%, CNG 3% and others
very small amount. Natural gas accounts for the 60.3 % grid electricity generation while all
the 7urea fertilizer factories are dependent on natural gas for feedstock. Natural gas has made
tremendous contribution towards industrial growth in the country as fuel for heating and cap-
tive power generation at very favorable price. While the whole nation has been benefitted by
this resource, about 13% of the populations have directly been benefitted by using piped nat-
ural gas for household purposes. Compressed Natural Gas is being used as automobile fuel
by about 504,293 motor vehicles in the country. Expansion of CNG facilities early last dec-
ade dramatically improved air quality in large cities especially in the capital Dhaka as well as
lot amount of foreign exchange has been saved due to less amount of oil import.

Sector wise Gas Consumption in

Bangladesh (2020-21)
CNG, 35.07, 3%
Domestic , 134.15, Tea estate , 1.01, 0%
13%
Commercial , 6.02,
1%
Fertilizer , 64.65, 6% Power, 425.70, 42%
Captive, 169.05,
17%

Industry , 181.75,
18%

Unit: Bcf

[Source: Petrobangla, HCU Data Bank]

Figure 6: Sector wise Gas Consumption in Bangladesh (2020-21)

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 8|Page

 3.4 Natural Gas Demand

Being almost single indigenous sources of commercial energy demand for natural gas
experienced vary fast growth over the last three decades often outstripping the supply. Pre-
sent demand for gas in the country is about 3508 MMscfd whereas supply is 2978 MMscfd
(Gas + imported LNG) indicating a shortage of about 530 MMscfd. It is estimated that de-
mand for natural gas will rise to about 4622 MMscfd by the 2030. Natural gas demand pro-
jection in the country is shown in the figure below:

Table 3: Natural Gas Supply & Demand

Unit: MMcfd
* Cap. Total Total
Fertiliz- Indus- Domes- Commer-
Year Pow- Pow- CNG De- Sup-
er try tic cial & Tea
er er mand ply
2019 1284 316 480 710 425 139 38 3392 3331
2020 1334 316 480 776 425 139 38 3508 3477
2021 1384 316 480 842 425 139 38 3624 3500
2022 1662 316 432 908 425 130 38 3911 3769
2023 1786 316 389 974 420 125 38 4048 3915
2024 1780 316 350 1040 431 120 38 4075 4061
2025 1803 316 315 1106 442 110 38 4130 4300
2026 1844 317 283 1172 453 100 38 4207 4350
2027 1958 319 255 1238 465 100 38 4373 4400
2028 2087 321 230 1304 476 75 38 4531 4450
2029 2060 323 207 1370 488 75 38 4561 4500
2030 2058 325 186 1440 500 75 38 4622 4600
[Source: HCU Data Bank]

3.5 LNG import to Supplement Indigenous Supply

To meet the growing energy demand of the country, the government initiated the
import of LNG from abroad. At present, a total of 1000 mmcfd LNG is added to the national
grid.
Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 9|Page
 Floating LNG Terminal:

 Agreement with Excelerate Energy, Singapore has been signed for setting up
FSRU. Already, floating LNG terminal has been installed in Maheshkhali in Cox's
Bazar district. Currently, daily 500 MMcfd re-gasified LNG is added to the nation-
al grid by Excelerate Energy.
 SUMMIT LNG Terminal Co. (Pvt.) Ltd. has signed the Agreement (BOOT) to set
up FSRU at Maheshkhali in Cox's Bazar district with a capacity of supplying daily
500 mmcf re-gasified LNG. 500 MMcfd re-gasified LNG is added to the national
grid since April 2019.
 Negotiation is underway on the proposal of Reliance Power Limited, India on
BOOT basis, to install 500 MMcfd capacity floating LNG terminal in Kutubdia.
 Study activities are in progress to set up 500 MMcfd capacity FSRU and Fixed Jet-
ty Based LNG Receiving Terminal in Kutubdia Honkong Shanghai Manjala Power
Ltd. Co. (HSMPL) with Global LNG & Petronas on BOOT basis.

Figure 7: Maheshkhali LNG Terminal

 Land Based LNG Terminal:

(i) Consortium of China Huanqui Contracting & Engineering Corp. (HQC) and
China CAMC Engineering Co. Ltd. has performed the Feasibility study on the
proposal of 1000 MMcfd capacity land based LNG Terminal in Maheshkhali.
If the project is marked feasible then the next negotiation will be done.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 10 | P a g e

 (ii) Feasibility study has been completed to establish 1000 MMcfd land based
LNG terminal at Kutubdia by Petronet India Limited. Since the project is fea-
sible, a term-sheet has been signed with them. Negotiation has begun to sign an
agreement.

(iii) Tokyo Gas, Japan has been appointed as consultant for the feasibility study fi-
nanced by Petrobangla for setting up land based LNG terminals in Payra port,
rest of Kutubdia and Maheshkhali area. Feasibility study is in the final stage.
Land based LNG Terminal will be installed in one or two places of these plac-
es if the study becomes feasible.

Table 4: LNG Scenario

Total LNG Import in June 2021 24.03 Bcf 0.02 Tcf

LNG Import from July 2020 to June 2021 216.10 Bcf 0.22 Tcf

Cumulative LNG import from August 2018 to June 2021 534.86 Bcf 0.53 Tcf

[Source: RPGCL]

3.6 Exploration Activities

During fiscal year 2019-2020, geological survey of 93 line-km has been completed in Sita-
pahar structure of Rangamati district with own finance of BAPEX. A complete geological
map of the structure is being prepared after analyzing the collected data and information.
Moreover, well proposals for Shariatpur-1 exploratory well, Sundalpur-3 Appraisal-cum De-
velopment well and Begumganj-4 (west) Appraisal-cum Development well have been pre-
pared after analyzing relevant 2D and 3D seismic data and information as well as the infor-
mation collected from the previously drilled wells in the surrounding area. Well location of
Sylhet-9 and Kailashtila-9 Appraisal cum Development Wells under SGFL has been con-
firmed through field survey. Two consultants have been appointed for smooth implementa-
tion of Geological and Geophysical survey. In order to product gases from dry, abandoned
and suspended wells, an EOI has been called from the eligible Companies experienced in this
regards. On November 8, 2020 a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has been signed be-
tween BAPEX and Mitsui Oil Exploration Co. Ltd. (MOECO), Japan on "Joint exploration
proposal for Bangladesh Onshore Blocks 8 & 11"

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 11 | P a g e

Being directed by Energy and Mineral Resources Division, “Operating Procedure (OP) for

Exploration to Production of Hydrocarbon” for BAPEX has been published by incorporating

opinions/suggestions and evaluations received from Experts in the Oil/Gas Sector, University
Faculty and Oil Field Service providers. Hon'ble Minister of State for Power, Energy and
Mineral Resources of the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh officially un-
veiled Operating Procedure (OP) Manual at BAPEX Bhaban on 15-12-2019.2D seismic Sur-
vey Activities:

With a view to identifying locations of exploratory wells under the scope of a project
entitled `Rupkalpa-9 2D Seismic Project’ financed by the Gas Development Fund, a total of
3000 line-km 2D seismic data has been acquired over Kishoreganj, Narsingdi, Tangail, Gazi-
pur, Netrokona, Sherpur, Jamalpur and Sunamganj districts. Till 30 June 2020, total of Tk.
77.92 crore has been spent out of total allocated Tk.105.80 crore marking 34% financial pro-
gress. Revised DPP of Rupkalpa-9 2D Seismic Project has already been approved to acquire
500 line-km more seismic data from Noakhali and Laxmipur district and adjacent areas.

Figure 8: Seismic Survey by BAPEX

3D Seismic Survey:

200-line kilometer 3D seismic survey have been completed over Semutang Gas Field.
So far 2700 sq.-km 3D seismic data has been collected from Sunetra, Srikail, Sundalpur,
Begumganj, Shahbajpur, Narsingdi, Mobarakpur, Rupganj and Semutang Gas Fields under
`3D Seismic Project’ of BAPEX. Total of Tk. 233.82 crore has been spent out of allocated
Tk. 247.69 crore marking a financial progress of 94.40% and physical progress of 100%.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 12 | P a g e

 Figure 9: 3-D Seismic Survey by BAPEX

Drilling Activities

Rupkalpa-1 Drilling Project:

Under this project, Srikail East-1 Exploratory Well Drilling Program has successfully been
completed on 31st January 2020. A reserve of 50 BCF gas has been estimated in this well af-
ter DST operation. 10-12 MMSCFD gas supply to the National Grid will be possible after
construction of required gas gathering line. Ended on 30-06-2020, the project spent a total of
144.25 crore from allocated 162.2 8 crore marking a financial progress of 89% and physical
progress of 100%.

Rupkalpa-2 Drilling Project:

With the view to implementing Vision-2021 of the Government, drilling preparation of Za-
kiganj-1 well with Bijoy-12 (ZJ50DBS) Rig is completed under GDF finance. A total of Tk.
148.92 crore has been spent out of allocated to 220.20 crore marking a financial progress of
68%.

Rupkalpa-3 Drilling Project:

The project for drilling Kasba-1 well and Madarganj-1 well was approved under GDF finance.
Drilling of Kasba-1 well has already been successfully completed. The existence of gas was
detected in this well but it was not commercially viable for production. Madarganj-1 well was
scheduled to be drilled by SOCAR-AQS. However, this program was suspended due to to the
cancellation of contract. As a result, Tk. 73.88 crore was spent out of allocated Tk. 216.22 un-
der this project. The project ended on 31-12-2019 marking financial progress of 34.17%.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 13 | P a g e

Development:

Rupkalpa-5 Drilling Project:

With the view to implementing Vision-2021 of the Government, the project for Appraisal and
Drilling of Begumganj-3 and Begumganj-4 well was approved under GDF finance. A contract
was signed with SOCAR-AQS within the scope of the project for drilling of Begumganj-4
well. However, in March 2019 SOCAR-AQS served BAPEX a notice for terminating the con-
tract and consequently the drilling could not be completed. At present in the issue is waiting to
be resolved.

Workover Activities

Narsingdi-1:

Under the scope of a contract between BAPEX and BGFCL, workover operation of Narsing-
di-1 well was started on 27-06-2019 with Rig Bijoy-11 (ZJ40DBT) and manpower. The
workover operation ended on 30-07-2019 successfully and now a total of 20 MMSCFD gas is
being supplied to the National Grid.

Titas-9:

Workover operation of Titas-9 well was started on 10-12-2019 with BAPEX's own rig and
manpower. The workover operation ended on 02-02-2020 successfully and now a total of 20-
25 MMSCFD gas is being supplied to the National Grid.

Titas-7:

Contract between BAPEX and BGFCL work over operation of Titas-7 well was started after
killing the well. Due to the prolonged production, the tubing got damaged which created a bit
complications in the operation.

Titas-13:

The operation was started on 05-09-2019 after killing the well, but there aroused some tech-
nical complications. For this reason, in the light of the instructions of the foreign consultant of
BGFCL, measures were taken to shut the well ensuring well protection. Preparations are un-
derway to resume the workover.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 14 | P a g e

Shahbazpur-3:

The IPS Cardwell Rig and other equipment where shifted to Shahbazpur-3 well location in
Bhola in order to complete the Shahbazpur-3 Well workover with the own rig and manpower
of BAPEX. However, the operation was discontinued for the time being due to the Covid-19
pandemic situation. Finally, the work over operation of this highly sensitive well was resumed
on 09-08- 2020 and ended on 18-09-2020. The well is ready to produce about 20 MMSCFD.

3.7 Future Planning:

Figure 10: Future Planning by BAPEX

3.8 Exploration of Unconventional form of energy

Exploration of different form of Unconventional energy like Coal Bed Methane
(CBM), Shale gas, Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is going on in search of alternate
energy.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 15 | P a g e

 Petrobangla has undertaken a project to assess the potentiality of coal bed methane in
Jamalganj coal deposit, the largest and deepest coal deposit in the country.

A Preliminary Study on Shale Gas Potentiality in Bangladesh has been prepared by the
Hydrocarbon Unit. Hydrocarbon Unit has prepared another report titled “Action Plan and
Guide lines for CBM, UCG and Hard Rock Development in Bangladesh”.

4.0 Oil (Petroleum) Sector

4.1 Organizational Structure

Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC) under the Energy & Mineral Resources Di-
vision of the government is the nodal organization in the petroleum sectors which deals with
import of crude oil and products, oil refining and marketing finished petroleum products.
One refining company with lone crude oil refinery in Chittagong is engaged in refining of
crude oil while four oil marketing companies are responsible for marketing of finished prod-
ucts across the country. Oil business used to be government monopoly until 1997 when one
private company entered in fractionation of gas condensate extracted from gas fields. Pres-
ently, gas condensates, are fractionated by small scale fractionation plants of Petrobangla,
BPC and private entrepreneurs. Besides, there two petrochemical plants in the private sector
that imported condensate as feed.

4.2 Supply and Consumption of Oil

Petroleum products viz. diesel, petrol, octane furnace oil etc., account for about 20 %
commercial energy supply in the country. Liquid fuel used in Bangladesh is mostly imported.
Bangladesh imports about 1.31 million metric tons of crude oil along with 4.3 million metric
tons (approx.) of refined petroleum products per annum. About 0.52 million metric tons per
year locally produced gas condensate, which is fractionated mainly into petrol, diesel and
kerosene, is the only domestic source of liquid fuel. Major consumer of liquid fuel is
transport followed by power, agriculture, industry and commercial sectors. Sector-wise con-
sumption of petroleum products is transport- 63%, power 10 %, agriculture 15 %, industry 7
%, domestic 2 % and others 3 %.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 16 | P a g e

 Table 5: Petroleum Sector at a Glance (2020-21)

Product 2020-21 (in Metric Ton)

Import of refined oil 4,344,958.84

Import of furnace oil 2,694,668.53
Import of crude oil 1,307,261.92
Production of Condensate (1 Bbl.=0.1364 MT) 457,980.46

Total Import & Production 8,804,869.75

Export of Naptha 0
Storage Capacity of BPC 1,358,000.00
Refining Capacity of ERL 1,250,000.00
LPG Production from ERL 12,406.00

LPG Production from Kailashtila Frac. Plant 1,055.00

LPG import (private) 1,427,826.00

[Source: NBR, BPC, Petrobangla and HCU Data Bank]

Table 6: Sale of Petroleum Products by BPC during last 10 Year

Quantity in MT
Products 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020-21
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Octane 107150 110850 117452 126114 147557 186911 230280 266988 262943 303917

Petrol 158707 169710 178674 166823 137360 232359 284668 318593 321940 378846

Diesel 3240349 2962872 3242554 3396061 3606404 4000044 4835712 4593486 4015633 4597585

Kerosene 358436 314450 289871 263029 213685 170993 138403 121497 106195 101783

Furnace 883735 1070096 1202505 906771 711889 806440 925150 683725 362713 559032
Oil

Jet A-1 311890 318423 323327 338829 347323 376700 408272 429951 350605 237894

Others 153379 131591 130583 123796 91802 115283 125851 129982 68639 120673

Total 5213646 5077992 5484966 5321423 5256020 5888730 6948336 6544222 5488668 6299730

[Source: BPC Website and Annual Report 2020-21]

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 17 | P a g e

 Diesel is the dominant liquid fuel used in the country. Petroleum products used during
last seven years are shown in the above table.

Table 7: Sector wise petroleum consumption 2020-21

Sector 2020-21 %
Agriculture 975,604.00 15%
Industry 450,437.00 7%
Power 652,066.00 10%
Transport 3,963,725.00 63%
Domestic & Others 97,600.00 2%
Others 160,298.00 3%
Total 6,299,730.00 100%

Sector wise Sale of Petroleum Product during 2020-21

Others,
Domestic & Others,
160,298.00 ,
97,600.00 , 2% Agriculture,
3%
975,604.00 , 15%
Industry,
450,437.00 , 7%

Transport,
3,963,725.00 , 63%

Power, 652,066.00 ,
10%

Figure 11: Sector wise Liquid Fuel Consumption in Bangladesh (2019-20)

4.3 Capacity Enactment Projects

Eastern Refinery Limited (ERL) installed in 1968 at Chittagong with the processing capacity
of 1.5 million tons annually.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 18 | P a g e

Crude Oil Refining Process: Crude oil is processed through a single-stage atmospheric pipe-
still producing an overhead naphtha cut, kerosene and gas oil sidestream cuts and bottoms at
350°C.

Figure 12: Crude Oil Refining Process

Variation of sidestream cut points produces kerosene or aviation fuel and auto diesel or ma-
rine diesel in blocked operations. The Naptha cut is de-ethanised, de-butanised and split with
light and heavy virgin naphtha’s to blend motor gasoline, while heavy virgin naphtha is also
blended to middle distillates and heavy fuel oil (HFO). Light end fractionalization splits into
propane and butane, liquefied petroleum gases, (LPG) and butane for gasoline blending. The
kerosene sidestream is hydrofined and run down to tankage as dual purpose kero/turbo fuel.
Auto diesel oil is produced by blending a part, or all of the kerosene sidestream. However, as
a heavier cut it may also be run down directly to tankage as marine diesel oil. Atmospheric
Pipe still bottom is blended with gas oil, kero and/or heavy virgin Naptha to produce Bunker
C fuel oil. The vacuum Pipe still produces two grades of penetration asphalt.

Processing units:

The refinery was the first to start production with three main processing units. These three processing
units are-

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 19 | P a g e

 Table 8: ERL Process plant scenario

No. Description Annual Production

Capacity (Metric Ton)

1 Crude Distillation Unit 1.5 Millions

2 Catalytic Reforming Unit 70,0000

3 Hydrodesulphurization unit (this is later converted to a --

mild hydrocracking unit)

[Source: ERL Website]

A Project has taken for installation of 2nd unit of the existing refinery with annual refining
capacity of 3 (three) million tons. Besides the state initiative, government allowed private en-
trepreneurs to establish Condensate Fractionation Plants to split Natural Gas Condensate
(NGC) received from various gas fields in Bangladesh as well as imported NGC. Total stor-
age capacity of different grades of petroleum is around 1.3 million metric tons across the
country. It may be mentioned that, according to the national energy policy, 60 days’ stock of
petroleum products to be maintained for energy security of the country. However, at present
BPC is able to maintain 35 to 40 days’ stock of petroleum products due to lack of storage ca-
pacity as well as involvement of huge amount money for procuring petroleum. BPC has com-
pleted a project for construction of Mongla Oil Installation as 2nd main installation to en-
hance 0.10 million metric tons with 14 oil storage tanks.

Single Point Mooring (SPM) project is now in progress which will enable BPC to
receive Crude Oil and Diesel from large size vessels of 120,000 metric tons carrying capacity
through subsea pipeline, from near Kutubdia of the Bay of Bengal, within 48 hours instead of
present required time of 9/10 days.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 20 | P a g e

 Figure 13: Single Point Mooring (SPM) with Double Pipeline

Storage facility will be constructed of 0.24 million metric tons, for crude oil 0.15 million
metric tons and for diesel 0.09 million tons, at Maheshkhali under SPM Project for smooth-
ing receiving of petroleum. Operational flexibility will improve amazingly after completion
of the SPM project.

Upcoming major projects of BPC:

 India-Bangladesh Friendship pipeline (IBFPL).

 Installation of Custody Transfer Flow Meter at ERL Tank firm.
 Terminal Automation of marketing companies of BPC.
 Establishment of LPG terminal by BPC in Maheshkhali-Matarbari area of
Cox's Bazar district.

4.4 Demand for Petroleum Products

Demand for petroleum products is growing at the rate of 2 to 4% per year. If this trend
continues demand for oil will increase to about 15 million tons by the year 2030. Govern-
ment of Bangladesh has decided to make road connectivity with the neighboring countries
like India, Nepal, Bhutan etc. Transport movement will increase remarkably in Bangladesh
territory to avail port facilities Chittagong and Mongla ports by our neighbors. However, fu-
ture demand will depend upon the future energy mix in the country and availability of other
fuels.

4.5 Source Countries for Imported Oils

Bangladesh mainly imports oil from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
These are imported on a year-to-year basis with the respective companies of relevant coun-

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 21 | P a g e

tries. Basically, the price has to be paid based on the price of the day of the world market on
which the oil will be shipped. ADNOC of UAE and Saudi Aramco of Saudi Arabia are sup-
pliers for crude that BPC imports while finished products are imported from 13 National Oil
Companies (NOC) of different countries. A project is in active consideration by the govern-
ment to import diesel, produced in Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) in Assam, from its
marketing terminal at Shiliguri through pipeline to Parbatipur depot at Dinajpur district of
Bangladesh.

5.0 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Demand of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in Bangladesh is very high. In the public
sector 13,461 MT is produced during 2020-21 FY whereas 1,427,826 MT is imported thru
private entity. Therefore, public and private sector combining do the marketing of 1.44 Mil-
lion MT of LPG in 2020-21, which is meeting a certain portion of LPG demand of the coun-
try.

Table 9: LPG scenario of last 5 year

Year Public Sector Production MT Import (Private) MT Total MT

2016-17 16,382 307,000 323,382
2017-18 15,936 537,686 553,622
2018-19 19,228 681,036 700,264
2019-20 13,414 835,027 848,441
2020-21 13,461 1,427,826 1,441,287
[Source: HCU Data Bank]

Considering the rising demand for LPG, government has decided to enhance LPG bottling
facilities for marketing more imported LPG. For this purpose, two LPG bottling plants, each
having capacity of 100 thousand MT per annum, will be set up in the coastal area.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 22 | P a g e

 LPG Scenario of Last 5 years in Bangladesh
1,427,826
1,600,000
1,400,000
835,027
1,200,000
1,000,000
681,036
800,000 537,686
600,000 307,000
400,000
19,228 13,461
200,000 16,382 15,936 13,414
0
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

Public Sector Production MT Import (Private) MT

Figure 14: LPG Scenario in Last 5 years in Bangladesh

Of them, one plant will be installed by Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC) and
the other in public private partnership with BPC.

6.0 Coal
Energy is the main indicator of economic growth for a country and constitutes one of the vital
infrastructural inputs in socio-economic development. At present, natural gas is the main in-
digenous primary energy source of Bangladesh. Several studies reveal that domestic produc-
tion of natural gas will be depleting soon in the near future. Considering the uncertainty of
sustainable supply of primary energy, it is imperative to diversify the primary energy sources
in the country. In that case, domestic coal can be a major alternative energy source for the en-
ergy security of the country. At present 2.55 % of electricity has been produced from domestic
coal.

5 coal fields so far discovered, namely Barapukuria, Khalaspir, Phulbari, Jamalganj and
Dighipara. If initiatives are taken for exploration all over the country, there are enough
possibilities to discover more coal mines. Out of the discovered mines, coal from 4 depos-
its (118-509 meters) is extractable at present. Production from Jamalganj may not be via-
ble with present day’s technology due to the depth of the deposits.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 23 | P a g e

 Table 10: Coal Fields of Bangladesh

Place/Field Depth Area Reserve Depth Calorific

(Discovery Year) (Meter) (Sq. Km) (Million Ton) (Meter) Value
(BTU/lb)
Barapukuria, Dinajpur 119-506 6.68 390 119-506 11,040
(1985)
Khalaspir, Rangpur 257-483 12.00 523 257-483 12,700
(1995)
Phulbari, Dinajpur 150-240 30.00 572 150-240 11,900
(1997)
Jamalganj, Jaipurhat 900-1000 16.00 1,054 900-1000 11,000
(1965)
Dighipara, Dinajpur 327 15.00 600 327 13,090
(1995)
Total = 3139

Coal might be the alternative fuel to natural gas. These coals can conveniently meet
the energy needs of Bangladesh for 50 years. It is notable that the coal of Bangladesh is con-
sidered to be high quality in terms of its high level of heat generation capacity as well as low
Sulphur content.

Table 11: Coal scenario of last 5 year

Year Public Sector Production Import (Private) Total (Metric Ton)

2016-17 1,160,657.81 2,801,407.00 3,962,065.00

2017-18 923,276.00 3,394,534.24.00 4,317,810.00

2018-19 803,315.00 5,754,025.00 65,57,339.00

2019-20 808,358.00 6,828,032.00 7,636,390.00

7,504,973.00
2020-21 753,973.00 6,751,000.00

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 24 | P a g e

 Coal Scenario in Last 5 Years

6,751,000.00
2020-21 753,973.00

6,828,032.00
2019-20 808,358.00

5,754,025.00
2018-19 803,315.00

3,394,534.24
2017-18 923,276.00

2,801,407.00
2016-17 1,160,657.81

Import (Private) Public Sector Production

Figure 15: Coal scenario of last 5 year

Commercial production of Barapukuria Coal Mine commenced from 10 September

2005 using underground mining method with the targeted capacity of one million metric tons
per year. Almost 65% of the production is being used by 250 MW (2x 125 MW) Coal fired
power station operated by Power Development Board of Bangladesh near Barapukuria coal
mine. Remaining 35% coal is being used in brick fields and other domestic purposes which
have an impact of reducing deforestation. A total of 753,973 MT of coal has been extracted
in the FY 2020-21 and 6,751,000 MT has been imported. As a result, 7,504,973 MT coal has
been consumed in this FY.

7.0 Peat

The peat deposits of Bangladesh are located in the low lying areas of the alluvial plain
which are generally submerged under water for a large period each year. Peat occurs in
Baghia-Chanda beel under Madaripur and Gopalganj district, Kola Mouza of Khulna district,
Chatal beel area of Moulavibazar district, Pagla, Dirai and Shalla area of Sunamganj district,
Chorkai area of Sylhet district, Brahmanbaria Sadar upazila of Brahmanbaria district and
Mukundapur area of Habiganj district. It has a carbon content of 50-60% and has a calorific
value between 5500 Btu/lb. and 7000 Btu/lb. The peat occurs at the surface or at shallow
depths below the surface. The total peat reserve (dry peat) discovered in Bangladesh is
146.36 million tons. There is no commercial utilization of peat in Bangladesh at present. Peat
can be conveniently used in the form of briquette, ovoid and compressed tablets as an alter-
native fuel to household work, in brick and lime industries and in small capacity thermal

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 25 | P a g e

power plant (10 MW) in rural areas. Three exploration licenses of peat is granted in Rajoir
Upazila of Madaripur and Kotalipara Upazila of Gopalganj district.

8.0 Condensate and Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)

Some of the gas fields located in north - eastern part of Bangladesh contains high per-
centage of liquid hydrocarbon. Extraction of this liquid, especially value added by-products,
is becoming a growing activity. Apart from the condensate fractionation plant installed in dif-
ferent gas fields, Rashidpur Condensate Fractionation Plant with a capacity of 3,700 bbl./day
is producing petrol, diesel and kerosene by fractioning the condensate received from Bibi-
yana Gas Field. During 2020-21, a total of 411,615 barrels of condensate was produced by
SGFL, BGFCL and BAPEX and 2,946,013 barrels by IOCs as a by-product of gas. During
the same period, SGFL, BGFCL and BAPEX extracted 3,212,000 litre or of NGL from the
gas processed at its Mole-Sieve Turbo Expander plant at Kailashtila. On the other hand, a to-
tal of 68,256,253 litre of petrol, 9,783,723 litre of diesel and 7,166,151 litre of kerosene was
produced by fractionating the condensate at the fractionation plants located at different fields
of SGFL, BGFCL and BAPEX.

9.0 Power Sub-Sector

9.1 Primary Energy Mix for Power Generation

As of June 2021, the total power generation capacity combining public and private
sector was 25,235 MW, leaving 20% capacity for maintenance and forced outage, available
generation capacity should be about 20,188 MW without fuel constraint.

Maximum generation actually obtained till 30 June 2021 was 13,792 MW, which was
less than 20,188 MW. It might have occurred due to fuel supply constraint. Of the total gen-
eration capacity, distribution between public sector and private sector entities are 46% and
49% respectively and from import 5%. Bangladesh has started importing 500MW electricity
from India (started in October 2013) additional 100 MW from March’16 and 560 MW from
December 2018 which contributed 10% of total power generation.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 26 | P a g e

 Table 12: Bangladesh’s Power Sector: At a Glance (2020-21)

Types Amount

Electricity Growth 8.27%

Number of Power Plants 146
Installed Capacity (MW) 25,235
Maximum Generation (MW) 13,792
Total Consumers (in Millions) 40.70
Transmission Lines (km) 12,836
Distribution Lines (km) 612,000
Grid Substation Capacity (MVA) 50,359
Per Capita Generation (including Captive) 560 Kwh
Access to Electricity
(including Off-Grid Renewable) 99.5%
Overall System Loss (%) 11.11

[Source: Power Division Annual Report 2020-21, BPDB Annual Report 2020-21]

The composition of primary energy mix for power generation in FY 2019-20 is shown
in Figure 8. Of the total electricity generated in 2019-20, 77 % was generated from domestic
fuels (natural gas, coal & hydro) and 13.44 % from imported petroleum fuels (diesel and fur-
nace oil) and 9.34 % was electricity Import from India as cross border energy trade.

Total Installed Capacity 22,031MW (2020-21 )

Import,
Rental, 1,160.00 , 5%
1,089.00 , 5%
Public ,
REB, 251.00 10,146.00 ,
, 1% 46%

IPP/SIPP,
8,141.00 , JV, 1,244.00
37% , 6%

Public JV IPP/SIPP REB Rental Import

[Source: Power Division Annual Report 2020-21]

Figure 16: Total Installed Capacity 22,031MW (2020-21)

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 27 | P a g e

 Table 13: Power Production Capacity (Technology wise) in MW 2020-21

Power Production Capacity Installed Capacity (MW) %

(Technology wise)

Gas Turbine 1211 5%

Reciprocating Engine 8100 37%

Steam Turbine 3268 15%

Combined Cycle 7933 36%
Hydropower 230 1%
Solar 129 1%
Electricity Import 1160 5%
Total 22031 100%

[Source: Power Division Annual Report 2020-21]

Power Production Capacity (Technology wise) in MW 2020-21

Combined Cycle,
Steam Turbine, 7933, 36%
3268, 15%

Hydropower,
230, 1%

Reciprocating
Engine, 8100, 37% Solar,
129,
1%
Electricity
Import, 1160,
5%

Gas Turbine, 1211,

5%

[Source: Power Division Annual Report 2020-21]

Figure 17: Power Production Capacity (Technology wise) in MW 2020-21

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 28 | P a g e

 Net Energy Generation (2005-2020) in GWh
80,423
90000
71419
80000 70533
70000 45836 62678
57276
60000 35118 52193
50000 31355 42195
23268 29247 38229
40000 26533
30000 22978 24946
20000
10000
0

[Source: Power Division Annual Report 2020-21]

Figure 18: Historical Net Electricity Generation (GWh) in Bangladesh

POWER GENERATION BY FUEL TYPE 2020-21 (80,423 MKWH)

Natural Gas,
48403.00, 60%

Furnace Oil, Renewable, 158.00,

17497.00, 22% 0%
Import,
8104.00, 10% Hydro, 655.00, 1%

Coal, 4997.00, 6%
Diesel, 609.00, 1%

[Source: Power Division Annual Report 2020-21]

Figure 19: Power Generation by Fuel Type (2020-21)

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 29 | P a g e

 Sector wise Power Consumption Pattern 2020-21 (71,471 MKWh)

Others, 1,550.92 , 2% Agriculture, 1,736.75 ,

Commercial, 7,561.63 3%
, 11%

Industrial,
20,297.76 , 28% Domestic, 40,323.94 ,
56%

Domestic Industrial Commercial Others Agriculture

[Source: Power Division Annual Report 2020-21]

Figure 20: Sector wise Power consumption Pattern (2020-21)

9.2 Electricity Import

Bangladesh has entered into the era of cross border energy trade in October 2013 by
importing electricity from India. Additional 100 MW from March 2016 from Tripura at pre-
sent 1160 MW electricity is being importing from India and in near future it will increase
considerably.

Figure 21: Bangladesh India Power Transmission Plant, Bheramara (Kustia)

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 30 | P a g e

 Table 14: Electricity Import Scenario 2019-20

Import Location Power Transmission Imported Electricity

Capacity Amount (MW)

Bheramara, Kustia
1000

(from Baharampur, India)

Cumilla 400 KVA 160

(From Tripura)

Total Import from India 1160

[Source: Power Division]

10.0 Renewable Energy Resources

Renewable energy resources could assist in the energy security of Bangladesh and
could help reduce the natural gas demand. Regions of the country without supply or access to
natural gas or the electric grid use biomass for cooking and solar power and wind for drying
different grains and clothes. Biomass is currently the largest renewable energy resource in
use due to its extensive noncommercial use, mainly for cooking and heating. Biomass com-
prises 27 percent of the total primary energy use in Bangladesh. The country has a huge po-
tential for generating solar power. Moreover, the use of renewable energy has become popu-
lar worldwide in view of the depleting reserves of non-renewable fossil fuels. Renewable en-
ergy is environmentally friendly.

Renewable energy resources used in Bangladesh may be classified into three major
types- (i) traditional biomass fuels, (ii) conventional hydropower, (iii) new-renewable re-
sources (e.g. solar PV, wind, biogas etc.) of energy.

10.1 Traditional Biomass fuels

In Bangladesh, three major types of biomass fuel resources are in use: wood fuels, ag-
ricultural residues and animal dung. Wood fuels are obtained from different types of forests
and tree resources grown in rural areas. Agricultural residues and animal dung contribute a
Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 31 | P a g e
substantial portion of biomass fuel in Bangladesh. A part of the total agricultural residues
available during harvesting of crops and a part of total animal dung produced by animal re-
sources are used as fuel. Availability of these resources (agricultural residues, animal dung)
as fuel depends on local situation and socio-economic condition of the owners.

Figure 22: Conventional Biomass plant and ILRRC (Jashore) Operation

Converting biomass into more energy efficient fuel is a means of upgrading the rural
energy consumption pattern. Biogas is very suitable for cooking and lighting (Mantel/Hazak)
and for running a small generator to produce electricity. Throughout Bangladesh, there are
currently about 80,000 households and village-level biogas plants in place. Around 50,000
domestic biogas plants already installed by IDCOL. There is a real potential for harnessing
basic biogas technology through rural electrification, village-level biogas production, and in-
ternal combustion (or even micro turbine) power generation.

Forest
Biomass Potential of Bangladesh 2012-13 Residues
210.64 PJ
Livestock Residues 16%
456.41 PJ
34% MSW 95.61 PJ
7%

Agriculture
Residues 582.33 PJ
43%

Figure 23: Biomass Potential of Bangladesh (2012 –13)

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 32 | P a g e

 The power generation of the country largely depends on the non-renewable (fossil
fuel) energy sources, mainly on the natural gas. This trend causes rapid depletion of non-
renewable energy sources. Thus, it is necessary to trim down the dependency on non-
renewable energy sources and utilize the available renewable resources to meet the huge en-
ergy demand facing the country. Most of the people living in rural, remote, coastal and iso-
lated areas in Bangladesh have no electricity access yet. However, renewable energy re-
sources, especially biomass can play a pivotal role to electrify those rural, remote, coastal
and isolated areas in the country.

Humankind has been using biomass as an energy source for thousands of years. In a
study (Paul & Others) assesses the bio-energy potential, utilization and related Renewable
Energy Technologies (RETs) practice in Bangladesh. Improved cooking stove, biogas plant
and biomass briquetting are the major RETs commonly practiced in Bangladesh. The as-
sessment includes the potential of agricultural residue, forest residue, animal manure and
municipal solid waste. The estimated total amount of biomass resource available for energy
in Bangladesh in 2012–2013 is 90.21 million tons with the annual energy potential of 45.91
million tons of coal equivalent. The recoverable amount of biomass (90.21 million tons) in
2012–2013 has an energy potential of 1344.99 PJ which is equivalent to 373.71 TWh of elec-
tricity.

10.2 Conventional Hydropower

Total hydropower potential of the country was reported as 1500 MkWh/year at Kaptai
(1000MkWh/year). Matamuhury (300MkWh/year) and Sangu (200MkWh/year) (GOB
1996). In 2018-19, total generation capacity of 5 hydropower units installed at Kaptai was
230MW and electricity generated was 8934 MkWh. Depending upon rainfall, yearly electric-
ity generation capacity of hydro plants varies between 700 MkWh to 1000 MkWh.

It was reported that a feasibility study was undertaken in 1998 to establish additional
hydropower units (Nos. 6 & 7) at Kaptai with generation capacity of 100MW. There is po-
tential to install hydropower plant at the Sangu and the Matamuhury rivers in the Chittagong
Hill Tracts and possibility of constructing a second dam, six kilometers downstream of exist-
ing Kaptai dam to generate hydropower. Though in Chittagong Hill Tracts local population
are already conscious about the negative impacts of existing hydropower plants at Kaptai
proper rehabilitation programed should be under taken. Considering the energy scarcity of
the country, the feasibility of harnessing additional electricity through conventional hydro-

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 33 | P a g e

power technologies and mini & micro hydropower technologies should be explored to meet a
part of future energy needs.

10.3 New-Renewable Energy Resources

It was mentioned in the Renewable Energy Policy 2008 that 5% and 10% of total elec-
tricity would be generated using renewable energy by 2015 and 2020 respectively (GOB
2008). SREDA Act 2012 was enacted for the establishment of Sustainable & Renewable En-
ergy Development Authority (SREDA) for promotion of efficient energy and renewable en-
ergy technology. The authority (SREDA) is in the process of institutionalization. Total gen-
eration of electricity from renewable energy sources (e.g. solar PV, biomass, biogas etc.) up
to June 2019 was 368 MW. Total generation from RE including hydropower (230MW) is
765.62 MW, which was 3.035% of total electricity generation capacity (25,235 MW) of the
country including off grid, RE and Captive in the FY 2020-21.

In line with the policy, government has already taken different initiatives in renewable
energy development, in which some projects/programs have been completed and some are
under implementation.

i. Solar Energy

Bangladesh is geographically located in a favorable position (within 20034′ to 26038′

north latitude) for harnessing sunlight, available abundantly for most of the year except for
the three months June-August when it rains excessively. The amount of Solar Energy availa-
ble in Bangladesh is high about 4 to 7 kWh/m2/day, enough to meet the demand of the coun-
try. There is a fast-growing acceptance of rural people to solar photovoltaic (PV) systems to
provide electricity to households and small businesses in rural off grid areas.

The country's largest solar power plant at Mymensingh has been connected to the na-
tional grid. The plant has the capacity to generate 73 MW of electricity, which will help meet
the government’s target of generating 10% of the country’s total electricity through using re-
newable energy by 2021.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 34 | P a g e

 Figure 24: Bangladesh’s Largest (73 MW) Solar Power Plant, Mymensingh

With a 173K solar panel and 332 inverters, the solar power plant was fully installed with
Huawei Smart photovoltaic (PV) solution to connect to the national grid.

The Rural Electrification Board (REB), a government agency has been engaged in
commercializing solar power electrification of domestic, commercial, irrigation in rural area.
IDCOL, a government-owned entity has disseminated some SHS through its partners NGOs.
Due to higher cost of its production, it has to go a long way to become commercially compet-
itive. However, in remote areas of Bangladesh, it is gradually becoming popular and gov-
ernment has undertaken a lot of scheme to subsidize on it. Government has planned to setup
solar panel with capacity of 5~10 MW.

[Solar Home System (SHS)]

Solar Home System (SHS) provides reliable power for lighting and operating low
powered appliances such as radio, television, small electric fans. The electricity provided by
a SHS can also be used to run Direct Current (DC) driven equipment such as DC shouldering
irons, drilling machines etc. and to charge the battery of mobile phones. Larger systems can
run computers, refrigerators, pumps etc. IDCOL and BREB are distributing Solar Home Sys-
tem (SHS) to the people living in the off-grid areas. IDCOL through different partner organi-
zation has already distributed about 60 lakhs (installed capacity 250 MW) SHS and BREB
distributed about 30 thousand SHS throughout the country.

[Solar Irrigation System]

Solar powered irrigation is the breakthrough technology for energy stricken agro-
based economy. Solar powered irrigation is the innovative and environment friendly solution

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 35 | P a g e

for the irrigation system, which currently depends on hugely inefficient electric and diesel
pumps.

Figure 25: Solar Pump System in Rangpur District

Gradually replacing the electric and diesel pumps for irrigation with solar water pumps
could save significant capacity of electricity and huge investment cost. Up to June’21, a
2,125 nos. solar irrigation pump has been installed resulting 44 MW capacity.

ii. Bio fuel

Bio fuels can be produced from a variety of plants like rapeseed, mustard, corn, sun-
flower, canola algae, soybean, pulses, sugarcane, wheat, maize, and palm. The most popular
option for producing bio-fuels is from non-edible oilseed bearing trees. The two most suita-
ble species are:

Jamal gota (Jatropha curcas) and Verenda (Ricinus Communis). Both of these trees
can grow virtually anywhere in any soil and geo- climatic condition.

Bio-fuel use is not new in Bangladesh. In the early 20th century, bio-fuel was used for lighting
lamps or lanterns. In an agriculturally based country like Bangladesh, bio-fuel can be a better alterna-
tive because a 30 percent blend of bio-fuel can be used along with our diesel or petrol. This can also
be an excellent fuel to kindle lamps in rural Bangladesh.

The use of bio-fuel is increasing in most European countries. Germany has thousands of filling
stations supplying bio-fuel and it is cheaper than petrol or diesel. The German government declared
that 5 percent of every liter of fuel must be bio-fuel by 2020.

iii. Wind Energy

Bangladesh is exploring the potential of wind power. In the coastal area of Bangla-
desh, windmills with a capacity of 2.9 MW are in operation. Bangladesh has had to wait for a

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 36 | P a g e

breakthrough in wind power technology to be competitive against other conventional com-
mercial energy sources. A pilot project to install windmills along the seashore with a capacity
of 20 MW has been planned by the government.

Figure 26: Windmill in Kutubdia, Cox’s bazar

Based on the results of the pilot project, another 200 MW of power could be harnessed
from wind power. Rising fossil fuel and CO2 prices, technological advances and economies
of scale with wider deployment are expected to make renewable-based systems increasingly
cost-competitive in coming decades (IEA 2011).

iv. Tidal Energy

The tides at Chittagong, south east of Bangladesh are predominantly semidiurnal with
a large variation in range corresponding to the seasons, the maximum occurring during the
south-west monsoon. A strong diurnal influence on the tides results in the day time tides be-
ing smaller than the night time.

In the year 1984, an attempt was made from the EEE department of BUET, Dhaka to
access the possibility of tidal energy in the coastal region of Bangladesh, especially at Cox’s
Bazar and at the islands of Maheshkhali and Kutubdia. The average tidal range was found to
be within 4-5 meter and the amplitude of the spring tide exceeds even 6 meter. From differ-
ent calculation it is anticipated that there are a number of suitable sites at Cox’s Bazar, Ma-
heshkhali, Kutubdia and other places, where a permanent basin with pumping arrangements
might be constructed which would be a double operation scheme. Tidal energy might be a
good alternative source for Kutubdia Island where about 500 kw power could be obtained. At
present there are only 2x73kVA diesel generator sets to supply electricity for 5-6 hours/day
for 72,000 people and there is practically no possibility of main grid supply in the future.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 37 | P a g e

 v. Wave Energy

Until to now no attempt has been made by Government of Bangladesh to assess the
prospects for harnessing energy from sea waves in the Bay of Bengal. Wave power could be
a significant alternative source of energy in Bangladesh with favorable wave conditions es-
pecially during the period beginning from late March to early October. Waves are generally
prominent and show a distinct relation with the wind. Waves generated in the Bay of Bengal
and a result of the south-western wind is significant. Wave heights have been recorded by a
wave rider buoy and correlated with wind data. Maximum wave heights of over 2 m, with an
absolute maximum of 2.4 m, on the 29 July were recorded. The wave period varies between
3 to 4 sec for waves of about 0.5 m, and about 6 sec. for waves of 2 m.

In Bangladesh wind speeds of up to 650 kmph (400mph), 221 kmph (138 mph) and
416 kmph (260 mph) have been recorded in the years 1969, 1970 and 1989 respectively. Se-
vere cyclonic storms and storm surge of up to 15 m have been reported. Plant must also be
able to survive the exceptional occurrence of very high waves in storm conditions.

vi. River Current

A network of rivers, canals, streams etc. numbering about 230 with a total length of
24140 km covers the whole of Bangladesh flowing down to the Bay of Bengal. Different siz-
es of boats are the main carriers of people and goods for one place to another. Boatmen usu-
ally use the water-sails to run their boasts against the wind direction. But until now no re-
search has been reported to utilize the energy of river current properly.

vii. Waste to Electrical Energy

Dhaka City has been suffering for a long time from a tremendous environmental pollu-
tion caused by municipal solid waste, medical waste and various industrial wastes. In order to
save the city from environmental pollution the waste management as well as electricity gen-
eration from the solid wastes program is being taken by the Government.

11.0 Nuclear Power

Nuclear power is characterized by very large up-front investments, technical com-

plexity, and significant technical, market and regulatory risks, but have very low operating
costs and can deliver large amount of based load electricity while producing almost no CO 2
emissions. Typical construction times are between five and eight years from first concrete
poured. Government of Bangladesh has signed a general contract with Russia on December
Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 38 | P a g e
25, 2015 for the construction and commissioning of the country’s first nuclear power plant
(2*1200 MW) at Rooppur in Pabna at the cost of $12.65 billion.

Table 15: Planned Nuclear Power Reactors

Commercial
Unit Type Capacity Construction start
Operation

Rooppur 1 VVER-1200/V-523 1200 MW Oct 2017 2023 or 2024

Rooppur 2 VVER-1200/V-523 1200 MW 2018 2024 or 2025

All fuel for Rooppur is being provided by Rosatom, and all used fuel is to be repatriat-
ed to Russia, in line with standard Russian practice for such countries. A draft agreement on
used fuel was signed in March 2017, totaling about 22.5 ton/yr. from each reactor (42 fuel
assemblies, each with 534 kg of fuel). A further agreement for repatriation of used fuel for
reprocessing was signed in August 2017.

The Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC) has taken an initiative to con-
duct a survey in eight char areas of southern region to select one or two suitable sites to set
up the country's second nuclear power plant, aiming to meet the future demand of huge elec-
tricity. The study will cover a demographic survey over a 5-km diameter, seismic stability,
geological location, and power infrastructure and communication system.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 39 | P a g e

12.0 Conclusion

The government has taken several steps to deal with the reduction in the production of
gas. Exploitation and exploration of domestic resources have been emphasized. Power Sector
Master Plan has already been formulated and initiative has been taken to produce a large por-
tion of the electricity using coal. Gas exploration activities by BAPEX have been strength-
ened and some prospective wells have already been identified. Discoveries of more new
wells are much expected in the future. Besides onshore, exploration activities are being un-
dertaken in the offshore and fields with large amount of gas are expected. In some old gas
fields, the 3D Seismic survey has revealed more reserves of gas than before. For exam-
ple, using new technology Bibiyana gas field found an increase of its reserve and a further
production for some additional periods will continue. The government has taken initiative to
meet the demand of energy through import of LNG, already LNG supplies have started and
more LNG will be added to the national grid in the next few years. GSMP has been formulat-
ed and new entrepreneur-friendly PSC has been revised. Moreover, government has taken
several steps to boost up the coal sector. ERL expansion is underway and SPM project has
been initiated and the progress of the project work is ongoing. When the ongoing & future
planning of development work of BPC will be implemented then the energy security will be
enriched for the mass people of Bangladesh. New horizon has been exposed in sea after set-
tlement of maritime boundary with Myanmar and India. Cross border energy trade will get
momentum. Considering all the perspectives, we hope that in the near future, Bangladesh is
well prepared to meet the Energy demand and ensure the supply of uninterrupted energy for
achieving the 8th FYP, Vision-2021, SDG-2030 and Vision-2041.

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