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    Bearing Habit of Fruit Crops

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    Jepoy
    1. Fruit crops have different growth habits and bearing habits that influence when and where they produce flowers and fruit. Some trees like mango are evergreen while others like tamarind are deciduous. 2. The bearing habit considers where buds that produce flowers and fruit are located, such as terminal, axillary, or cauliflory positions. It also considers whether fruits are borne on old or new season shoots. 3. Training and pruning techniques are used to control the shape and structure of fruit trees to maximize production, quality, and ease of harvesting. Common training systems include central leader, open center, and modified leader, while pruning involves thinning out or heading back branches.

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    Bearing Habit of Fruit Crops

    Uploaded by

    Jepoy
    954 views9 pages
    1. Fruit crops have different growth habits and bearing habits that influence when and where they produce flowers and fruit. Some trees like mango are evergreen while others like tamarind are deciduous. 2. The bearing habit considers where buds that produce flowers and fruit are located, such as terminal, axillary, or cauliflory positions. It also considers whether fruits are borne on old or new season shoots. 3. Training and pruning techniques are used to control the shape and structure of fruit trees to maximize production, quality, and ease of harvesting. Common training systems include central leader, open center, and modified leader, while pruning involves thinning out or heading back branches.

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    1. Fruit crops have different growth habits and bearing habits that influence when and where they produce flowers and fruit. Some trees like mango are evergreen while others like tamarind are deciduous. 2. The bearing habit considers where buds that produce flowers and fruit are located, such as terminal, axillary, or cauliflory positions. It also considers whether fruits are borne on old or new season shoots. 3. Training and pruning techniques are used to control the shape and structure of fruit trees to maximize production, quality, and ease of harvesting. Common training systems include central leader, open center, and modified leader, while pruning involves thinning out or heading back branches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    954 views9 pages

    Bearing Habit of Fruit Crops

    Uploaded by

    Jepoy
    1. Fruit crops have different growth habits and bearing habits that influence when and where they produce flowers and fruit. Some trees like mango are evergreen while others like tamarind are deciduous. 2. The bearing habit considers where buds that produce flowers and fruit are located, such as terminal, axillary, or cauliflory positions. It also considers whether fruits are borne on old or new season shoots. 3. Training and pruning techniques are used to control the shape and structure of fruit trees to maximize production, quality, and ease of harvesting. Common training systems include central leader, open center, and modified leader, while pruning involves thinning out or heading back branches.

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    BEARING HABIT OF FRUIT CROPS

    In nature, plants species flowers produce fruits and seeds and the primary
    objective is to reproduce them. Plant species those are unable to produce viable seeds,
    reproduce themselves by other means. With a common of these processes they vary in
    various aspects of flowering and fruiting. The variations may be due to their different
    growing habits, requirement of different environments, differences in their basic nature
    etc.
    Growth habit:
     Evergreen
    - include those plants which bear their leaves
    throughout the year. Examples are mango,
    litchi, guava and orange etc.
     Deciduous
    - deciduous trees shed their leaves during a
    part of year (when weather is adverse i.e.
    during winter). Mostly temperate fruits
    belong to this category. Examples are
    Sineguelas, Atis, Tamarind etc.
    Bearing habit

    The bearing habit of a species can be described by the location and types of buds
    which produce flower and fruit (Gardner et al., 1952).
    Classification of bearing habit considering only the position of fruits
    TERMINAL
    - display flower buds only on terminal
    - Ex. Mango, litchi, pineapple, banana, loquat etc.

    Axillary/ Lateral
    - the precursor of a branch or lateral shoot, is formed at
    the junction between a leaf and the stem. Ex. Guava,
    apple, papaya, orange, coconut etc.

    Cauliflory
    - referring to plants that flower and fruit from their main
    stems or woody trunks, rather than from new growth
    and shoots . Cocoa, jaboticaba, jackfruit.
    Bearing habit

    Classification of bearing habit on the basis of shoot maturity on which fruit


    buds are going to produced:

    Bearing on old season shoots


    - Mango, Litchi, Apple, pear, peach, plum etc.

    Bearing on current season shoots

    - Guava, orange, papaya etc.


    Bearing habit

    Classification of bearing habit on the basis of shoot maturity on which fruit


    buds are going to produced:

    Bearing on old season shoots


    - Mango, Litchi, Apple, pear, peach, plum etc.

    Bearing on current season shoots

    - Guava, orange, papaya etc.


    Training

    • It is practiced during the initial period of establishment of a fruit tree and it decides the
    form of tree throughout the life of the plant.

    • When a fruit plant is grown for commercial purpose, there is need to be design growth
    of that plant in such a manner which results in maximum utilization of all resources
    (light, space) with sustained production.

    1. Central leader system

    In this system of training, the main stem is


    allowed to grow. As a result, it is higher than other
    branches. Mechanically, it provides much strength to
    plant. But, it makes difficult different horticultural
    operations (harvesting) and also affects quality of fruits
    by shading of upper branches to lower branches
    Training
    2.Open centre system
    In this system of training, the development of
    vertically growing shoots are stopped by giving thinning
    out cut to all the branches growing beyond or below a
    point. So that, it forms „vase shape‟, it makes available
    maximum sunlight to all branches. It needs to be pruned
    severely and constant efforts to maintain it. Moreover,
    such trees are structurally weak and branches are more
    likely to break

    3. Modified leader system


    This is combination of above two types of
    system. In this system, main stem is allowed to grow but
    upto a certain height (similar to other branches). For this,
    the stem is headed back. Well spaced branches with wider
    crotches are maintained and weak, intermingling and
    branches with small crotch angle removed. It makes tree
    strong as well as with height
    Pruning
    Pruning refers to removal of parts of a tree, especially shoots, roots, limbs, buds
    or nipping away of the terminal parts. It is done to make a tree more productive and bear
    quality fruits, increase longevity of the tree, make it into more manageable shape and to
    get maximum returns from the orchard (Chadha, 2002). Pruning is done with two broad
    objectives: first, to regulate the shape of a tree and second, to enhance the production and
    quality of fruits. There are basic two types of pruning techniques;

    1. Thinning out
    It is complete removal of a branch to a lateral
    or main trunk. Thinning out encourages the longer
    growth of shoot left after removed branch. Thinning
    out results in an open tree structure and it provides a
    larger size as compared to compactness.
    Pruning

    2. Heading back
    It consists of cutting back the terminal
    portion of a branch to a bud. Heading back destroys
    apical dominance and promotes growth of lateral
    branches. The extent of formation of laterals depends
    upon the species and the distance from the tip to the
    cut. It encourages spreading habit of growth and
    produces a bushy and a compact plant. The cut is
    made above that bud which is desired to grow.
    Suppose we want to fill the inner space in a particular
    part of a tree then the cut should be made above the
    bud whose direction of growth is inner side of tree.

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