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    A. Introduction

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    James Cancino
    Linguistics is the scientific study of language, including its structure, meaning, and sounds. It has several subfields: phonetics studies sounds; phonology studies sound systems; morphology studies word structures; syntax studies sentence structures and grammar; semantics studies meaning; and pragmatics studies meaning in context. Language is rule-governed, creative, culture-bound, and develops attitudes in its speakers. Linguistics aims to understand language and how it is used for communication.

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    A. Introduction

    Uploaded by

    James Cancino
    22 views27 pages
    Linguistics is the scientific study of language, including its structure, meaning, and sounds. It has several subfields: phonetics studies sounds; phonology studies sound systems; morphology studies word structures; syntax studies sentence structures and grammar; semantics studies meaning; and pragmatics studies meaning in context. Language is rule-governed, creative, culture-bound, and develops attitudes in its speakers. Linguistics aims to understand language and how it is used for communication.

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    ELS 101

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    Linguistics is the scientific study of language, including its structure, meaning, and sounds. It has several subfields: phonetics studies sounds; phonology studies sound systems; morphology studies word structures; syntax studies sentence structures and grammar; semantics studies meaning; and pragmatics studies meaning in context. Language is rule-governed, creative, culture-bound, and develops attitudes in its speakers. Linguistics aims to understand language and how it is used for communication.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views27 pages

    A. Introduction

    Uploaded by

    James Cancino
    Linguistics is the scientific study of language, including its structure, meaning, and sounds. It has several subfields: phonetics studies sounds; phonology studies sound systems; morphology studies word structures; syntax studies sentence structures and grammar; semantics studies meaning; and pragmatics studies meaning in context. Language is rule-governed, creative, culture-bound, and develops attitudes in its speakers. Linguistics aims to understand language and how it is used for communication.

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    of 27

    Introduction to

    Linguistics
    Dr. Regina Fronda-Santos
    Pangasinan State University, Philippines
    What is LINGUISTICS?

    Linguistics is the
    scientific study of
    language, its
    structure and
    meaning.
    LANGUAGE

    Sounds Structure Meaning


    Phonetics Morphology Semantics
    Phonology Syntax Pragmatics
    SOUNDS

    1. Phonetics
    2. Phonology
    Phonetics is the study of individual
    sounds including their pronunciation,
    reception and physical properties.

    Example:
    [k],[ǣ],[t] - cat
    Sub-branches of Phonetics:
    Articulatory Phonetics is the
    study of how words are produced.
    Acoustic Phonetics is the study of
    the physical properties of sounds.
    Auditory Phonetics is the study of
    how sounds are received.
    2. Phonology
    Phonology is the study of different
    sounds and the way they come
    together to form speech and words.

    /kǣt/ - cat
    /bʊk/ - book
    Structure

    1.Morphology
    2.Syntax
    1. Morphology
    Morphology is the study of the internal
    structure of words and forms. It is the
    formation of words.
    Morpheme- is the smallest unit of words.

    Example:
    Beautiful – Beauty + ful
    2. Syntax
    Syntax refers to the rules
    that govern the ways in
    which words combine to
    form phrases, clauses and
    sentences.
    Syntax deals with how words
    are arranged to form
    grammatical structure.

    Itis about the combination of


    words.
    Meaning
    1.Semantics
    2.Pragmatics
    1. Semantics
    Semantics is the study of the meaning of
    morphemes, words, phrases and sentences.

    It is the study of meaning without considering the


    situational context, participants, time and place,
    etc.

    It deals with the contextualized meaning of a


    language.
    Semantics is the study
    of meaning, or more
    precisely, the study of
    the relation between
    linguistic expressions
    and their meaning.
    2. Pragmatics
    Pragmatics is the study of context, or more
    precisely, a study of the way context can
    influence our understanding of linguistic
    utterances.
    Context is an important factor that helps us
    understand a particular piece of language.
    Context includes participants, so the
    meaning of sentences can be understood with
    reference to how language is used.
    Pragmatics

    It is the study of language


    with reference to its
    situational context.
    Characteristics of Language
    1. Language has symbols.
     Each language contains elements which can
    create meaning when put together in
    certain ways. In written language are
    letters and punctuation marks. Those of
    the spoken are sounds, pauses, accent/
    stress and intonation.
    2. Language is rule- governed (Adler and
    Rodman)
    a. Phonological rules
    ➢ govern the formation of sounds into words.
    b. Morphological rules
    ➢ Govern the formation of words
    c. Syntactic rules
    ➢ govern the arrangement of words into sentences
    d. Semantic rules
    ➢ govern the way in which the speakers of a language interpret or
    attach meaning to a particular symbol.
    e. Regulative rules
    ➢ govern the appropriate interpretation of a message in a given context.
    3. Language is a creative act.
    Language changes. Young
    generation invent new words
    and attach new meanings to
    existing ones.
    4. Meanings are in people, not in
    words.

    When words are transmitted


    between communicators,
    only sound and light waves
    reach them. Words don’t
    mean but people do.
    5. Language is culture-bound.
    Words don’t have meanings,
    but are capable of conveying
    meanings to people of the
    same culture.
    6. Language develops attitude.
    The words we use actualize
    the way we look at the
    things around us, hence,
    they affect the way we
    behave.
    Thank You!

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