Lecture 4.1

Lecture 4.
1
Writing up practical 3
Week Tasks
8 Filled in questionaire for practical 3
9 Analysed data for practical 3 (in tutorial session)
10 Guidelines for writing up of practical 3 – TODAY

Submit practical 2 (coursework 1) on Thursday 18th March
11 Design your own study
12 Drop in session for queries relating to practical 3 (in lecture)
13 Submit practical 3 (Coursework 2) on Thursday 8th April

Practical 3
• You completed the Celebrity Attitude Scale
(McCutcheon, Lange, & Houran, 2002)
• Rosenberg (1989) self-esteem scale

Writing-up this practical
Please refer to the below documents that are on

the ‘Assessment’ tab on VISION.
Ø Guide to report writing
Ø Practical report_marking
criteria
Parts of a practical report
Ø Title
Ø Abstract (written at the end, after writing the rest of the
report)
Ø Introduction (you will need to write this)
Ø Methods
Ø Results
Ø Discussion
Ø References (you will need to write this)
Practical 3 – maximum overall word limit 1500 words (from
introduction to discussion)
Ø This practical will need to be written as a report, no
template provided.
Some background information
for introduction
• Self-esteem is your feeling of self-worth
• Celebrity worship measured by the Celebrity Attitude Scale
(McCutcheon, Lange, & Houran, 2002)
• Interest in celebrities
• Entertainment-social, intense personal, borderline pathological
• High overall celebrity worship associated with various aspects of

poor mental health (papers on VISION)
Ø Sheridan, North, Maltby, and Gillett (2007)
• Celebrity worship associated with scores on an addiction scale and scores
on a criminality scale
Ø Sheridan, Maltby, and Gillett (2006)
• Preoccupation with public figures related to dissociation (disruption to the
integration of consciousness, memory, identity, and perception - e.g., “Some
people have the experience of looking in the mirror and not recognising
themselves”)
Ø Maltby, McCutcheon, Ashe, and Houran (2001)
• Celebrity worship associated with social dysfunction, depression, and
anxiety
Ø McCutcheon, Ashe, Houran, and Maltby (2003)
• Celebrity worship associated with lower levels of cognitive functioning, e.g.,
creativity (the Remote Associates Test), knowledge of the world (e.g., the
capital of Spain), and critical thinking
However only a couple of papers have looked at the individual

association between self esteem and the three different kinds of
celebrity worship and the findings are mixed
Ø North, Sheridan, Maltby and Gillett (2007)

There was a positive association between self esteem and intense personal
celebrity worship. However the associations between entertainment social and
borderline pathological celebrity worship with self esteem were non-significant.
Ø Kusuma and Yuliawati (2013)
There was a negative association between self esteem and borderline
pathological celebrity worship. However the associations between
entertainment social and intense personal celebrity worship with self esteem
were non significant
Present study
There is a relationship between Entertainment-social, intense personal,
borderline pathological celebrity worship and self-esteem?
Introduction
Move from the general to the specific (look at lecture 3.2 that shows a
sample introduction for practical 2)
Ø Put the study in its wider context

• Why study celebrity worship and self esteem? (include citations)
Ø Start with the main theory or idea
• What is celebrity worship (i.e. measure of interest in celebrities,
three types (entertainment-social, intense personal, and
borderline pathological)
• What is self esteem
• Any theories to suggest why there might be an association
Ø Give BRIEF details of RELEVANT studies: it is not an essay
– Use those studies covered on the past two slides to show that high
levels of celebrity worship are associated with various aspects of poor
psychological functioning and then highlight why you might expect
different associations between the different kinds of celebrity worship
in relation to self esteem.
Ø Rationale for your own study
i.e. explain how previous research led to what you did: what is the gap
in knowledge that your research addresses
e.g., anything new about your research
Ø Hypotheses
• State explicitly what you expect to find
• Testable statement of relationship between two or more variables
There will be an association between entertainment-social,

intense personal, and borderline pathological kinds of celebrity
worship and self esteem.
Method
Participants
Say how many participants there were, how
many males, and how many females, mean
age(and standard deviation of this), who the
participants were and sampling technique
adopted.
Materials
– Describes any important equipment
• Not a list: use prose instead
• Do not include trivial items e.g. pencils rather than pens: only
include something if it might have affected the data had you
used something different: give enough information to allow
people to make/buy equivalent items
• Describe the questionnaires: what does each one
measure, how many items does each contain, how do people
respond (i.e., describe the ratings), how are they scored (i.e.
simply add up the scores on the CAS for the three kinds of
celebrity worship, but half the items on the Rosenberg self-
esteem scale are reverse scored so that high scores indicate
high self-esteem)
Design
– Normally you would state the independent variable and
dependent variables and which design you used.
– But this is not an experiment, as you did not manipulate any
variable
• There is no independent variable in the current project
– Here you would state the design of this study and the dependent
variables.
Procedure
– Step-by-step guide to what was done
• Only include relevant details (i.e. would doing
things a different way have influenced the
results?)
• The ‘Procedure’ section for this practical is
therefore likely to be very short!
• Don’t forget to include the ethics component –
information sheet, consent, debrief
Ethical consideration
• Ethical approval was provided by the Ethics committee,
School of Social Sciences.
• Specify the rights of participants made know to them i.e.,
the right to withdraw from the study at any time, have
information withdrawn, to omit or refuse answering a
question, data confidentiality and anonymity
Results
• Talk the reader through the analyses, and don't just
present a list of numbers
• Start with descriptive followed by inferential
statistics
• Note the style of writing the equation, e.g. (r (24) =
0.10 , p = 0.64).
• Values to be rounded to 2 decimal places.
Descriptive statistics
Report the means and SD’s of all the variables (self esteem
and the three different kinds of celebrity worship)
Inferential statistics
A ..... test was carried out to investigate the relationship
between scores on the entertainment social, intense personal
and borderline pathological subscales of the CAS
questionnaire and the self-esteem questionnaire.
There was a significant/non-significant correlation between
entertainment-social celebrity worship and self esteem (r (N
size here) = r value here, p = p value here).” This implies that
…..
Include results separately for correlation results of intense

personal CW and self esteem and borderline pathological
CW with self esteem (similar to the paragraph above)
– Common mistakes
• Forgetting to look at whether the result of the test
is statistically significant or non-significant: if the
result is non-significant then it doesn’t matter if
you have a negative/positive correlation
• “Insignificant” rather than “non-significant”
• In the case of significant results, forgetting to go
on to look at the direction of the correlation
coefficient: we also need to know if it is negative
or positive
• Just reporting the test results rather than saying
what the test was doing
• Including unnecessary graphs
• Include SPSS output
Discussion
• This section tells readers what the results mean
• Move from the specific to the general
• Begin by stating the aim of the study and the findings
in non-statistical terms
– Don't include any new statistics or background
material
• Interpret the results in terms of a theory
– Say whether you found the same kind of thing as
previous pieces of research have found and refer
back to evidence described in the introduction.
– If findings are significant- WHY might this
association exist?
– If findings are non-significant- WHY might this be
so?
– Findings “suggest” rather than “prove”, they
“support” rather than “confirm”: psychology is based
on probability statistics
• Are there any major limitations/strengths of your
study?
– Was there anything ‘unscientific’ about the research
that means we can’t trust the findings
– Are they generalizable?
• Suggest some ideas for future research that follows
from your findings, and how this could be carried out ?
• Are there any practical implications of your findings
for the real world?
• End with a concluding paragraph that summarises
your main argument
• You now have enough information to write your
Abstract
• The abstract should have information (a couple
of sentences) from every section of the report-
introduction, methods, results and discussion.
• Keep concise and meaningful and avoid any
unnecessary details.
• It should not be more than 150- 200 words.
• The abstract and the main report should be
able to be read independently of one another.
References
• Use the correct format when citing the journal
articles
• You will also need the references for the
Celebrity Attitude Scale and the Rosenberg
self-esteem scale
• McCutcheon, L. E., Lange, R., and Houran, J. (2002).
Conceptualization and measurement of celebrity worship.
British Journal of Psychology, 93, 67-
87. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712602162454
• Rosenberg, M. (1989). Society and the adolescent self-
image (revised edition). Middletown, CT: Wesleyan
University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400876136

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Lecture 4.

8 Filled in questionaire for practical 3

9 Analysed data for practical 3 (in tutorial session)

10 Guidelines for writing up of practical 3 – TODAY

11 Design your own study

12 Drop in session for queries relating to practical 3 (in lecture)

13 Submit practical 3 (Coursework 2) on Thursday 8th April

• Rosenberg (1989) self-esteem scale

Please refer to the below documents that are on

• High overall celebrity worship associated with various aspects of

However only a couple of papers have looked at the individual

Ø North, Sheridan, Maltby and Gillett (2007)

Ø Put the study in its wider context

There will be an association between entertainment-social,

Include results separately for correlation results of intense

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