Nursing Research
Nursing Research
Nursing Research
Types of Objectives
Immediate/General objective
- directly to the research problem and
states clearly what the researcher will
do & expects to find out
Example: Example:
Example: Example:
“People who smoke are “There is a difference in
more prone to lung cancer the level of anxiety of
than those who do not pre-surgical patients
smoke” who receive pre-op
instruction than those
who do not receive such
instructions
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
How to Write Hypotheses
Examples:
– Profile studies
– Exploratory studies
– Case studies
– Historical studies
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Non/Pre – Experimental Designs
A. Post – Test Only Design or After only
survey – one “shot survey”
No baseline data
“How do 4 diff. methods of securing
endotracheal tubes in orally intubated
patients compare in terms of tube sterility?
Manipulated Variable: Lillihie, Harness,
Comfit dale, Secure Easy
Subject: 120 ICU patients (30 each
method)
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
B. Pre – Test – Post – Test Design or Before – after
Survey – the study wants to know the change in the
characteristics of study population
“Is a special educational program for nurses
concerning causes of noise effective in
decreasing noise levels in an ICU for infants?”
Manipulated Variable: Nurses’ participation in
the program
Subject: 52 nurses
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
A. Static Group Comparison – composed of two
groups
Example:
a. health teaching = effect
b. without health teaching = effect
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
2. True Experimental Designs – subjects
are randomly selected to the
experimental group and the control
group to achieve pre-intervention
equality of groups
• Ethical Issues
• Practical and administrative Issues
• Technical Issues
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
I. Selecting a Sample
Sampling
– is the process of choosing a representative
portion of a population that will represent the
entire population
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Terms To Remember
• Quantitative VS Qualitative
1. Structural interview
3. Mailed Questionnaires
4. Service Statistic
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Techniques in Collecting Qualitative Data
1. In – depth interview
3. Direct observation
4. Content analysis
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
I. Data Processing