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UNIT 3: THE GREEN MOVEMENT

A. VOCABULARY
1. raise something (to something): …………………………………………………………………………………
2. have an effect (on somebody/something): …………………………………………………………………………………
3. come into effect = take effect: …………………………………………………………………………………
4. accomplish /ə'kʌmplɪʃ/: = achieve, execute: …………………………………………………………………………………
5. evaluate /ɪ' væljueɪt/: = assess, judge, …………………………………………………………………………………
6. release /rɪ'li:s/: …………………………………………………………………………………
7. release somebody/ something from st: …………………………………………………………………………………
Ex: Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.
8. absorb something into something = take in: …………………………………………………………………………………
Ex: The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.
9. supplant /sə'plɑ:nt/ (v): = replace: …………………………………………………………………………………
10. convert something (into something): …………………………………………………………………………………
11. insulate something (from/ against st): …………………………………………………………………………………
Ex: Home owners are being encouraged to insulate their homes to save energy.
12. hazard /'hæzəd/: = jeopardy, perilousness: …………………………………………………………………………………
13. hazard (to somebody/ something): …………………………………………………………………………………
14. expand /ɪk'spænd/: …………………………………………………………………………………
15. extend /ɪk'stend/: …………………………………………………………………………………
- to extend the hand of friendship: cố gắng duy trì mối quan hệ tốt với...
16. to filter out dust particles/ light/ impurities: …………………………………………………………………………………
17. shelter (from something): …………………………………………………………………………………
Ex: People were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire.
18. sustainable /sə'steɪnəbl/ (adj): = steady, persistent: ……………………………………………………………………
19. agglomeration /əˌɡlɒmə'reɪʃn/: = accumulation: sự kết tụ
Ex: The suburb is an agglomeration of houses, shops, and offices.
20. accelerate /ək'seləreɪt/ (v): = speed up, gain momentum: ……………………………………………………………
21. composition /ˌkɒmpə'zɪʃn/: = constitution, configuration: ……………………………………………………………
22. disturb /dɪ'stɜ:b/ (v): = distract, interrupt: …………………………………………………………………………………

B. EXERCISES
I. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences.

percentages nuclear survival derived

hydrogen energy Contaminants improve
1. Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of ______________________
as an alternative energy source.
2. The sun is a powerful ______________________ source, and this energy source can be harnessed by
installing solar panels.
3. ______________________ are subsequently removed by harvesting the above-ground shoot biomass for
volume reduction and storage.
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4. It is not only about looking better though, Green cities are also trying to ______________________ the
efficiency of cities and raise the standard of living for people who stay in them.
5. It was more surprising that many of the respondents also had not recently heard or read about hydrogen
cars, wind energy or ______________________ energy.
6. The numbers on a bag of fertilizer tell you the ____________________ of available nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium found in the bag.
7. Pollution poses health hazards, endangers wild life and makes the planet unsafe for future human
______________________
8. The term "plastic" is ______________________ from the Greek word "plastikos", meaning fit for moulding.

II. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences.

1. Rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can _____________________
reduce cooling bills. SIGNIFICANT
2. Solar radiation can be _____________________ either into thermal energy (heat) or into electrical energy,
though the former is easier to accomplish. CONVERSION
3. The doctor said the vitamin would ______________________ my calcium deficiency. REPLENISHING
4. Nick left the house and strolled down the _______________________ to the garden. PATH
5. If we continue to ______________________ our natural resources, our children will pay the price.
DEPLETATION
6. Do you know the oldest type of _______________________ energy is the biomass that is derived from
plant matter? SUSTAIN
7. When hiking in the wilderness, it is important to properly ______________________ of anything you can't
pack out. DISPOSABLE
8. We buy ______________________ food at the farmers' market. It costs a little bit more, but we think it's
better for our health. ORGAN
9. Jane Goodall studied chimpanzees for many years in their native _______________ in Africa. HABITATION
10. ______________________ is the protection of things found in nature. CONSERVE

III. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition.

1. Hazardous gases refer to all kinds ________ gas that can be potential harmful to humans in certain
concentrations.
2. The ship's refrigeration and air conditioning plants are designed __________ achieve no ozone depletion.
3. Nuclear waste can cause serious damage to the environment if not disposed _________ properly.
4. In the UK, poor air quality is responsible ___________ some 40,000 deaths each year.
5. The government team __________ charge of promoting energy conservation has no campaign budget and
with three members to handle the issue nationwide, are short of staff.
6. Biomass typically refers ________ biofuels that are obtained through biological processes such as
agriculture and anaerobic digestion.
7. Everyday, the world produces carbon dioxide that is released to the earths atmosphere and which will still
be there __________ one hundred years time.
8. Mankind has been crazy to have not bothered _________ harness the sun's energy until now.
9. Business can now take advantage __________ different suppliers of both gas and electricity and shop for
the most economical.
10. _________ a gut level, many people already grasp the key difference between fossil fuels and renewable
energy.

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IV. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Otherwise Although For example Instead of Thanks to

1. ______________________ some clever and concerned architects, this image is starting to change the
concept of green cities aims to bring some beauty from rural environments into urban areas.
2. __________________ filling its area with office buildings, Portland has plenty of green space for activities.
3. ______________________ we are all aware of the effects of oil on seabirds, oil is also extremely toxic to
marine life.
4. Today there is a strong emphasis on the halt of CFC usage. CFCS, ______________________ known as
chloro-fluoro-carbons, are ozone depleting chemicals.
5. The smoke in the atmosphere, _______________________, is increasing so much that the amount
of sunlight has been reduced in many cities.

V. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences.

needs of dispose of pay off distributed on took hold

accompanied by for granted absorbed into in part associated with
1. Green products are biodegradable or easily reused either ______________________ or as a whole.
2. Sea level rise ______________________ climate change could displace tens of millions of people in low-
lying areas - especially in developing countries.
3. A number of World War II munitions exploded as wildfires ______________________ in a forest around 40
miles southwest of Berlin, Raimund Engel.
4. In explosive eruptions, the fragmented rock may be ______________________ ash and gases; in effusive
eruptions, degassing is common but ash is usually not.
5. Most of us take heating and cooling ______________________ .
6. Engage students in thinking about how water is ______________________ Earth.
7. Water that falls on the ground can run off into streams or it can be ______________________ the ground.
Students may also say that water can evaporate.
8. You cannot sell them or ______________________ them without the permission of the finance company.
9. Sustainable energy is energy that meets the ______________________ the present generations without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
10. In many areas, including much of Alabama, an investment for sustainable energy sources will _________
in just a few short years.

VI. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of me following
questions.
1. Rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce
cooling bills.
A. trivially B. unparticularly C. remarkably D. meaninglessly
2. Solar radiation can be converted either into thermal energy (heat) or into electrical energy, though the
former is easier to accomplish.
A. transformed B. absorbed C. released D. exchanged
3. Adopting a green lifestyle can often be time-consuming for those who are fully committed to green
living.
A. abandoned B. devoted C. dependent D. relevant
4. Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of hydrogen as an alternative
energy source.
A. infinite B. substitute C. endless D. restricted
5. The sun is a powerful energy source, and this energy source can be harnessed by installing solar panels.
A. dug B. transmitted C. devastated D. exploited
6. Pollution poses health hazards, endangers wild life and makes the planet unsafe for future human
survival.
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A. stems B. triggers off C. results from D. be caused by

7. Any environmental damage must be punishable by law, and polluters should pay compensation for the
damage caused to the environment.
A. rewards B. ransom C. damages D. savings
8. Pollution had also been a major problem, devastating the natural habitats of many animals and damaging
the earth beyond repair.
A. hopeful B. recoverable C. reversible D. past mending
9. Solar panels could be used on the new development as part of a drive towards environmental
sustainability.
A. steadiness B. inconstancy C. change D. fluctuation
10. Hazardous gases refer to all kinds of gas that can be potentially harmful to humans in certain
concentrations.
A. secure B. certain C. excessive D. noxious
11. Many herbicides and pesticides take a long time to degrade and build up in the soils or throughout the
food chain.
A. dignify B. accumulate C. defrost D. deteriorate
12. There are plenty of potential toxins still being ignored, with less than half of the 5,000 new chemicals
widely dispersed throughout the environment since 1950.
A. harmless compounds B. safe matters
C. poisonous substances D. immortal particles
13. One out of every four premature deaths in India in 2015, or some 2.5 million, was attributed to
pollution.
A. associated with B. got along with C. derived from D. broken down
14. The authorities are now making a determined effort to adapt to the climate change in mountain regions
to ensure that climbing can continue.
A. preserve B. stabilize C. adjust to D. generate
15. The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans.
A. hostile B. unfriendly C. friendly D. unfavorable
16. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover completely.
A. destroyed B. run off C. utilized D. built up
VII. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1. Contaminants are subsequently removed by harvesting the above-ground shoot biomass for volume
reduction and storage.
A. later B. eventually C. previously D. afterwards
2. The introduction of harmful substances in the air results in detrimental impacts to the environmental and
humanity.
A. harmful B. benign C. noxious D. disastrous
3. Offshore oil drilling has a significant negative impact on fragile marine and coastal ecosystems, and that
the risk of a devastating spill isn't worth taking.
A. durable B. easily broken C. vulnerable D. delicate
4. Without action, the impacts of climate change threaten to catastrophically damage our world.
A. beneficially B. ruinously C. fatally D. terribly
5. Global Forest Watch has also initiated a project to counteract deforestation through awareness.
A. introduced B. commenced C. launched D. completed
6. Some groups of animals such as amphibians are particularly vulnerable to these chemical pollutants and
suffer greatly as a result of the high levels of herbicides and pesticides in their habitat.
A. in peril B. in jeopardy C. open to attack D. durable
7. Cigarette butts are not biodegradable and contain extremely toxic soluble chemicals.
A. venomous B. deadly C. endangered D. harmless
8. By 2020, global surface temperature will be more than 0.5°C (0.9°F) warmer than the 1986-2005 average,
regardless of which carbon dioxide emissions pathway the world follows.
A. irrespective of B. without respect to C. in respect to D. disregard for
9. Everyday, the world produces carbon dioxide that is released to the earth's atmosphere and which will still
be there in one hundred years time.
A. trapped B. let off C. discharged D. emitted
10. Global warming is now accelerating the rate of sea level rise, increasing flooding risks to low-lying
communities.
A. decelerating B. gaining momentum C. picking up speed D. getting a move on
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VIII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
GREEN ENERGY
Fossil fuels are used to generate the majority of the world's energy, and they come in different forms.
For example, coal may be burned in a power (1) ____ to generate electricity, but gasoline is burned in a car's
engine to make it run. Neither of these two sources is considered green energy because they produce a lot of
pollution when they are burned. In addition, they come from a source that is inevitably going to (2) ____.
Green energy can be defined as any energy source that is to some degree non-polluting. When it is
called (3) ____, this means that a person can replace the same amount of energy that was consumed by that
person (4) ____ that person's lifetime. Since it took millions and millions of years to create the fossil fuels that
we now burn, we know that they cannot be replaced by us.
Wind power and solar power, (5) ____ harnessed properly, are two excellent sources of green energy.
Once the necessary parts such as wind turbines to generate wind power and solar panels to create solar power
have been produced, only the pollution from the production is left.
1. A. point B. outlet C. factory D. plant
2. A. run out of B. run out C. burn out D. cut out
3. A. durable B. sustainable C. harmful D. effective
4. A. along B. about C. within D. during
5. A. where B. when C. which D. what
IX. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the
following passage.
Experts in climatology and other scientists are becoming extremely concerned about the changes to
our climate which are taking place. Admittedly, climate changes have occurred on our planet before. For
example, there have been several ice ages or glacial periods. These climatic changes, however, were different
from the modern ones in that they occurred gradually and, as far as we know, naturally. The changes currently
being monitored are said to be the result not of natural causes, but of human activity. Furthermore, the rate of
change is becoming alarmingly rapid.
The major problem is that the planet appears to be warming up. According to some experts, this
warming process, known as global warming, is occurring at a rate unprecedented in the last 10,000 years. The
implications for the planet are very serious. Rising global temperatures could give rise to such ecological
disasters as extremely high increases in the incidence of flooding and of droughts. These could have a harmful
effect on agriculture. It is thought that this unusual warming on the Earth has been caused by so-called
greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, being emitted into the atmosphere by car engines and modern
industrial processes, for example. Such gases not only add to the pollution of the atmosphere, but also create
a greenhouse effect, by which the heat of the sun is trapped. This leads to the warming up of the planet.
Politicians are also concerned about climate change and there are now regular summits on the subject,
attended by representatives from around 180 of the world's industrialized countries. Of these summits, the
most important took place in Kyoto in Japan in 1997. There it was agreed that the most industrialized countries
would try to reduce the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and were given targets for this reduction of
emissions.
It was also suggested that more forests should be planted to create so-called sinks to absorb
greenhouse gases. At least part of the problem of rapid climate change has been caused by too drastic
deforestation.
Sadly, the targets are not being met. Even more sadly, global warnings about climate changes are often
still being regarded as scaremongering.
1. According to the passage, in what way did the climate changes in the ice ages differ from the modern
ones?
A. They occurred naturally over a long period of time.
B. They were partly intended.
C. They were wholly the result of human activity.
D. They were fully monitored by humans.
2. The word "alarmingly" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. disapprovingly B. disappointingly C. surprisingly D. worryingly
3. According to the passage, agriculture could ____.
A. make the global warming more serious
B. be indirectly affected by the global temperature rises
C. give rise to many ecological disasters
D. be directly damaged by the rises in global temperature
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4. Greenhouse gases cause the warming up of the Earth because they ____.
A. are emitted by car engines B. trap heat from the sun
C. do not add to atmosphere pollution D. are unusual gases
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the countries which are mainly responsible for global warming are
______
A. countries with the warmest climate B. developing countries
C. developed countries D. the most industrialized countries
6. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that may cause the so-called greenhouse effect
B. The so-called sinks created by forests can absorb greenhouse gases.
C. The problem of rapid climate change has been caused mainly by deforestation.
D. Politicians are among those who are concerned about climate change.
7. The word "drastic" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. hard B. severe C. widespread D. obvious