SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, SURAT

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MASTER OF ENGINEERING (TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING)
Affiliated with

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Graduate Report Presentation on

HOUSING SCENARIO IN INDIA

ME – TCP, Year – I, Semester – I
Under the subject of
URBAN HOUSING
(Subject Code : 3714802)

Prof.(Dr.) Jigar K. Sevalia

Faculty & Head

Prepared by : Faculty of Civil Engineering, SCET

Guided by :
JARIWALA POOJA BIPINCHANDRA Prof. Zarana H. Gandhi
Enrollment No: 180420748006 Prof. Palak S. Shah
 CONTENTS
 Introduction

 Housing Conditions in INDIA

 Housing Shortage

 Housing Shortage in INDIA

 Solution in Housing sector to reduce Housing Shortage

 Concluding remarks

 Reference

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 URBANIZATION GROWTH
 Urbanization plays a crucial role in the economic development of any nation.
 Urbanization characterized by modernization, industrialization and sociological development.
 India’s urban population has grown at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 2.8 percent
over 2001-2011, resulting in an increase in the urbanization rate from 27.8 percent to 31.2
percent.
 Out of India’s 1.21 billion population, 377 million people are urban dwellers.
 The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce (FICCI) estimates that by 2050, the country’s
cities would witness a net increase of 900 million people.
 Furthermore, over 2012-2050, the pace of urbanization is likely to increase at a
CAGR(Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 2.1 percent – double than that of China.

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 URBANIZATION GROWTH IN INDIA

(Source: Census of India 2011)

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 HOUSING CONDITIONS IN INDIA
 The national sample survey organisation (NSSO) conducts regular sample surveys on
housing condition on quinquennial basis for the entire country.
 The recent NSSO survey reports available on housing condition include:
 Housing condition in india 49th round (jan.1993-june 1993)
 Housing condition in india 58th round (july to december 2002)
 Housing condition and amenities in india, 65th round 2008-09 (july2008-june 2009)
 Housing condition according to
 Type of Structure
 Condition of Structures
 Type of Use of House

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 HOUSING CONDITION ACCORDING TO
TYPE OF STRUCTURE
 katcha, semi-pucca and pucca to
differentiate between the types of homes in
India.
 A katcha house is built with non-durable
materials like unburnt bricks, mud,
thatches, leaves and bamboo.
 A pucca house is one built with permanent
materials like oven burnt bricks, concrete,
2008-2009
stone blocks, cement, iron or other metal
Sector Semi- All
sheets and timber.
Pucca Pucca Kutcha
 A semi-pucca house is built with both Rural 55.40 27.60 17.00
katcha and pucca materials. Urban 91.70 6.20 2.10
All-India 66.10 21.30 12.60

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 HOUSING CONDITION ACCORDING TO
CONDITION OF STRUCTURES
 Dwelling unit was considered to be
good if the structure did not require any
immediate repair
 If the structure required immediate
minor repair but not major repair, it was
considered to be in satisfactory
condition.

Condition of structures
Sector
Good Satisfactory Bad
Rural 31.00 50.80 18.20
Urban 54.20 37.50 8.40
All-India 37.90 46.80 15.30

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 HOUSING CONDITION ACCORDING TO
TYPE OF USE OF HOUSE
 92.1 percent of the rural households and
91.1 percent of the urban households
lived in houses used exclusively for
residential purposes.
 However, residential-cum commercial
use of houses was more prominent in
urban areas than in rural areas
 about 7.6 percent of the urban
households lived in houses that were 2008
used for residential-cum-commercial Sector Residential cum
Residential Others
purposes against about 4.8 percent for commercial

rural areas. Rural 92.1 4.8 3.1

Urban 91.1 7.6 1.3
All
India 91.8 5.7 2.6
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 HOUSING SHORTAGE
 A deficiency or lack in number of houses needed to accommodate the population of
area is known as Housing Shortage.
 Housing shortage occurs when supply of houses can not meet the demand for
house(Demand > Supply)
 Growing concentration of people in urban areas has resulted in an increase in the
number of people living in slums and squatter settlements.
 Higher prices of land and real estate in urban areas have induces the poor and the
economically weaker sections of the society to occupy the marginal lands typified by
poor houing stock, congestion and obsolescence.
 Due to this there is wide gap exists between the demand and supply of housing, both
in terms of quantity and quality.

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 Rapid
population
growth

Limited
land Migration
supply
REASONS
FOR
HOUSING
SHORTAGE

Competing High birth

land use rates

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 HOUSING SHORTAGE IN INDIA
 According to a report submitted by a
technical committee to the Ministry of
Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation
(MHUPA), India’s urban housing shortage
is estimated at nearly 18.78 million
households in 2012.
 Besides those living in obsolescent houses,
80 percent of these households are living
in congested houses and are in requirement
of new houses.
 The report also highlights that
 nearly 1 million households are living in
non serviceable katcha houses
(Source: Report of the Technical Urban Group (TG-12) on Urban
 while over half a million households are Housing Shortage 2012-17, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty
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in homeless conditions. Alleviation, September 2012)
 STATEWISE HOUSING SHORTAGE IN INDIA
• Uttar Pradesh has a housing shortage of over three million homes followed by Maharashtra (1.97 mn), West
Bengal (1.33 mn), Andhra Pradesh (1.27 mn) and Tamil Nadu (1.25 mn).
• The top 10 states, in terms of urban housing shortage, contribute to 14.3 million or 76 percent of housing
shortage.

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 URBAN HOUSING SHORTAGE AMONG
DIFFERENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUPS IN INDIA
• Urban housing shortage is prominent
across the economically weaker sections
(EWS) and low income groups (LIG)
which together constitute over 95 percent
of the total housing shortage.
• The shortage amongst the middle income
groups (MIG) and above is estimated at
4.38 percent.

(Source: Report of the Technical Urban Group (TG-12) on Urban Housing Shortage
2012-17, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, September 2012)
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 SOLUTION IN HOUSING SECTOR TO REDUCE
HOUSING SHORTAGE

 By implementing policies schemes etc.

 By boosting affordable housing
 By building integrated townships
 Providing inputs to redevelopment
 Increasing FSI limits and building vertical cities

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 POLICY FRAMEWORK AND REGULATIONS BY
GOVERNMENT
 National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy (NUHHP), 2007
 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
 Basic Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP)
 Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme.
 Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor (ISHUP).
 Rajiv Awas Yojana.
 Indira Awas Yojana
 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY-Housing for all by 2022)

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 CONCLUDING REMARKS
 Next to food and clothing, house as a shelter is a basic human need. It is a composite
and complex good that fulfils some of the basic necessities of life.
 It is estimated that overall employment generation in the economy due to investment in
housing/construction is eight times the direct employment.
 The housing shortage and the significance of affordability housing in India should assist
the policy makers in designing and implementing specific and well targeted policies for
the overall benefit of housing sector.

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 REFERENCES
 Bridging the Urban Housing Shortage in India, by KPMG
 CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE HOUSING SECTOR IN URBAN
INDIA - A Cushman & Wakefield Research Publication
 Report of Technical Group(TG-12) on Estimation of Urban Housing Shortage 2012
 STATE OF HOUSING IN INDIA by Government of India, Ministry of Housing and
Urban Poverty Alleviation AND National Buildings Organisation

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 THANK YOU

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