Reviewer Eng 3a
Reviewer Eng 3a
Reviewer Eng 3a
CHAT ROOM - internet feature that allows GLOBAL COMMUNICATION - has turned to be
people to communicate in real time a modifying factor of local communication.
COMPUTER LITERACY - internet INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION – a
literacy; ability to use computers discipline that focuses on how culture affects
CYBERSPACE - world wide web communication. It is the ability to understand and
DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP - the creation of value cultural differences.
conscious critical forms of integration in the
globalizing society; a person utilizing LANGUAGE - is a component that is linked to
technology (digital citizen) intercultural understanding. Enhancing oral and
DIGITAL COMPETENCE - confidence written communication in intercultural environments
and critical use of information technology is a way to achieving intercultural competence.
DIGITAL IMMIGRANTS - adults who
GRICE’S PRINCIPLE OF COOPERATIVE
adapt to their environment as they retain
CONVERSATION
their language; born before the widespread
of technology 1. MAXIM OF RELATION - every
DIGITAL NATIVES - young people who interlocutor should be relevant in a
are native speakers of the digital language of conversation, requiring them to respond
computers; born on the era of technology based on cultural and contextual
DIGITAL SKILLS - ability to evaluate a requirements.
variety of technological solutions; more than
just knowing how to use a specific 2. MAXIM OF QUANTITY - every
technology well interlocutor should observe a “fair-share-talk
EMOJI - the creation of a new alphabet; of time.”
pictograph
3. MAXIM OF QUALITY - the truth value
EMOTICON - words without letters of a message should be held primary in a
conveying emotional responses conversation.
ETHNOSCAPE - landscape of persons
who form the shifting world where we live 4. MAXIM OF MANNER - the manner of
HYPERPERSONAL saying a word is more regarded than its
COMMUNICATION - computer mediated content.
communication that is more socially
desirable than face-to-face communication MODES OF COMMUNICATION
IDEOSCAPE - the movement of ideologies • LANGUAGE - Words, greetings and
MEDIASCAPE - pertains to the electronic expressions that are based on culture and
and print media in global cultural flows context
MEDIAMORPHOSIS - transformation of
communication media • BODY LANGUAGE - is a form of non-
OMG - Oh My God! verbal communication in which movements
SELFIE - an ego-manical madness; gives of the body communicate messages, either
focus on an individual in place of, or in conjunction with speech.
THE ABC’S OF INTERCULTURAL do the dirty work—to do the disagreeable,
COMMUNICATION illegal, dishonest things
• Communication is complex because of the labor of love — a work that brings you
cultural and contextual factors embedded in great pleasure
it.
go with the flow — to do what people do
• It is also challenging due to the many ways and accept things as they are
in which communication can vary between
cultures as well as individuals plus the bend the law or bend the rules — to cheat a
requirements needed by an individual to little bit without breaking the law
satisfy the conversational conventions Slang - It is a shortcut or highly colloquial word that
• Although effective communication is hard suggests excessive informality and lack of
to achieve because of these considerations, appreciation in the workplace setting
good communication is attainable. gonna — going to
• Lewis (2008) provided the following wanna — want to
ABC’s of intercultural communication.
Cover your ass. — Protect yourself from
ACKNOWLEDGE- Differences in communication possible criticism.
style should be acknowledged.
What you see is what you get. — There is
BI-LEVEL- Communication does not only uphold nothing hidden.
speaking and listening but also requires a holistic
process that includes verbal and non-verbal channels. Okay — all right
CLARIFY- If you are doubtful of your Acronym - It is formed from the initial letters of
understanding about what is being communicated, other words and pronounced as a word.
ask for clarification.
LAM — leave a message
CULTURAL COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
IMO — in my opinion
BARRIERS - give difficulty in understanding
people, whose language is different, and evidently AKA — also known as
challenge people who are trying to work
AWOL — absent without leave
harmoniously with others of a different background.
ASAP — as soon as possible
• LANGUAGE BARRIER - It is evidently
the primary barrier of communication in Abbreviation - It is a short form of a lengthy
second and foreign language contexts. expression.
Because of its complexity, communication
between people speaking different languages Acct – account
is difficult.
recd – received
• HOSTILE STEREOTYPES -
w/o – without
Stereotypes are generalizations or
assumptions people make about the fwd – forward
characteristics of members of a group, based
on an image about what people in that group ad – advertisement
are like.
Jargon - It is a type of language that is used in an
• BEHAVIOR DIFFERENCES - occupation. Often, words are meaningless outside a
Difference of behavior between different certain context.
cultures can cause misunderstandings. Every
culture has its norm about what is regarded bang for the buck — a business jargon for
as appropriate behavior. getting the most for your money
=Idioms and figurative clichés - This form of VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF SPOKEN
language uses words and expressions with a meaning AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE
that is different from the literal interpretation. VARIETIES OF ENGLISH
beat the clock — to do something before the American English (AmE)
deadline
• It is a variant of the English language
which is spoken mainly in the United States.
About two-thirds of the world's native word has the suffix -man or -woman, check
speakers of English live in America and to see if it reflects the gender of the person
speak this variant. described. Use more neutral alternatives
when gender is not important to the idea you
British English (BrE) are getting across.
• It is a variant of the English language AVOID RACIAL AND ETHNIC BIAS
which is spoken in the United Kingdom.
Racial or ethnic information should only be indicated
Australian English (AuE) if the context demands it. Take note of the following:
• It is another variant of the English ✓ Both black and African American are generally
language which is spoken in the Australia.
acceptable (although some members of this
New Zealand English (NZE) community prefer one or the other). The phrase
people of color is sometimes used to include other
• It is the variant of the English language racial groups, particularly for political purposes. The
spoken as the first language by my most labels Negro and colored are generally not
people in New Zealand. acceptable.
Black English (African American ✓ Depending to some extent on regional preference,
Vernacular English) people with roots in Latin America refer to
themselves as Hispanic, Latino/Latina, or
• It is a broad term used to refer to American
Chicano/Chicana, or by place of origin (Cuban
English and British English as spoken by the
American, Puerto Rican). Except for specific
black communities in the United States and
audiences or individuals, Latino is generally
the United Kingdom.
acceptable.
Singapore English (SingEng or Singlish)
✓ The preference is for Asian or Asian American
• Singapore English is a language variant rather than Oriental. Again, specific groups may
which is considered the most popular prefer labels based on country of origin (Japanese
medium of communication in the academe. American, Korean).
There are two main forms of this variant:
Singapore English and Singapore Colloquial ✓ Native American has gained favor over Indian.
English. Depending on context, you might more accurately
refer to a specific tribe or tribes.
Philippine English
AVOID AGE BIAS
• It is another variety of the English
language related to American English in • Age should only be specified if it is relevant. Avoid
terms of spelling and grammar. Besides the expressions that are demeaning or subjective.
Filipino language, the English language is
native to the Philippines and is considered
an official language.
VARIETIES OF ENGLISH VOCABULARY
-The following show major differences in vocabulary
among the three different varieties of English.
VARIETIES OF ENGLISH SPELLING
AVOID DISABILITY BIAS
REGISTER - is described as a variety according to
use in the sense that each speaker has a range of • Do not refer to an individual’s disability unless
varieties and chooses between them at different relevant. When necessary, use terms that do not
times. Register refers to the level of formality of the offend disabled individuals.
speech.
FORMS OF LANGUAGE REGISTER
1. FORMAL REGISTER - is appropriate
in professional and business writing.
2. INFORMAL REGISTER - is the way
we talk to our friends and family.
3. NEUTRAL REGISTER - not
specifically formal or informal, positive or
negative.
BIAS-FREE LANGUAGE
• Sometimes the language we use reflects
our stereotypes. While in speech our facial
expressions or even gestures may convince
our listeners that we are not being offensive,
AVOID GENDER BIAS
• Avoid using masculine pronouns when the
gender of the person is not known. When a