SUBTITLE COMES HERE

COMMUNITY
HEALTH
NURSING II
CHN CONCEPTS:
-DEFINITION
-PHILOSOPHY AND PRINCIPLES
-FEATURES
CONCEPT OF THE COMMUNITIES:
-TYPES, CHARACTERISTICS, AND
COMPONENTS
- FACTORS AFFECTING
SUBTITLE COMES HERE HEALTH OF
THE COMMUNITY
WHAT WILL BE THE MAINSTREAM KNOWLEDGE THAT FORMS THE BASIS OF PRACTICE IN
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING?

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 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After the completion of interactive-discussion, you
will be able to:
• Define community health nursing;
• discuss the philosophy;
• list the principles of CHN;
• explain the features of CHN;
• determine the concept of the community;
• explain the types and components of
communities;
• describe the factors affecting the health of the
community; and
• identify the nurse’s roles and activities.
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 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

- as promotion of health, prevention of

illness, care of the sick at home and
rehabilitation
(Ruth B. Freeman)
“the synthesis of nursing practice and public
health practice applied to promoting and
preserving the health of the specialty area
that encompasses subspecialties that include
public health nursing, school nursing,
occupational health nursing, and other
developing fields of practice, such as home
health, hospice care, and independent nurse
practice. (ANA, 1980) 5
 WHAT IS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING?

WORLD HEALTH DR. RUTH B. FREEMAN

ORGANIZATION (WHO)
CHN is a unique blend of
Special field of nursing that nursing and public health
combines skills of nursing practice aimed at developing
public health…. and enhancing health
Function as part of total public capabilities of people. It is
health programs for: involved in entire spectrum of
health services for the
Promotion of health community.
Improvement of condition
Rehabilitation of illness and
disability
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 THE PHILOSOPHY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IS BASED ON THE
WORTH AND DIGNITY OF MAN
(DR. MARGARET SHETLAND)

PRINCIPLES OF CHN
1. Focus on the community as a unit of 2. Give priority to community
care. The nurse’s responsibility is to the needs. The community health
community as a whole. nurse has to “marry” skills in the
nursing process with population-
focused skills.

DETERMINE HEALTH NEEDS

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PRINCIPLES…
4. Emphasis is given on
strategies to promote optimal
3. Work with the community health and prevent disease
as an equal partner of the and disability. Treatment is
health team. necessary component of
programs that control
Team approach is most prevalent communicable
evident in community health diseases, but treatment is by
work, and, frequently, the itself a measure to control the
nurse serve as the liaison spread of the disease to
officer of the health team. others.

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 PRINCIPLES….

5. Promote a healthful The health team designs strategies

physical and psychosocial to concentrate on the environmental
environment. determinants of health
(WHO, 2011).

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PRINCIPLES:

7. Promote optimum use of

6. Reach out to all who may resources. Limited health
benefit from the specific service. resources is best used for
The community health nurse strategies that will produce
realizes that members of the long-term effects, taking
community who need a particular ethical principles into
service are the least likely to consideration.
actively seek for appropriate
help.

HN 10
PRINCIPLES…

8. Collaborate with others For this reason, the nurse has to

working in the community. work with variety of sectors, including
> Health is a product of multiple the community itself, in resolving
determinants. issues that affect health.

NOTE:
COMMUNITY HEALTH EFFORTS
HAVE TO BE COORDINATED

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 FEATURES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE

POPULATION-FOCUSED
NURSING

Concentrates on specific Moreover, population-

groups of people and focuses focused practice:
on health promotion and - Focuses on entire
disease prevention, population
regardless of geographical
location. - based on assessment of
the populations’ health
status,

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 FEATURES…

Considers the broad Intervenes with communities,

determinants of health, systems, individuals, and
Emphasizes all levels of families
prevention,

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GOAL…

A population focus involves

The goal of population-focused concern for those who do, and
nursing is to promote healthy for those who do not, receive
communities. health services

INVOLVES SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

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 CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY
TYPES OF COMMUNITIES

GEOPOLITICAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL
Defined or formed by both natural Relational interactive groups, in which
and man-made boundaries and the place or setting is more abstract,
include barangays, municipalities, and people share a group perspective
cities, provinces, regions, and or identity based on cultures, values,
nations. history, interests, and goals.
Geopolitical communities may also - A community of solution
be called territorial communities.
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 CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH COMMUNITY
✓ A shared sense of being a community based on history and
values.
✓ A general feeling of empowerment and control over matters
that affect the community as a whole.
✓ Existing structures that allow subgroups within the community
to participate in decision making in community matters.
✓ The ability to cope with change, solve problems, and manage
conflicts within the community through acceptable means.

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CHARACTERISTICS….
✓ Open channel of communication and cooperation
among the members of the community.
✓ Equitable and efficient use of community resources,
with the view towards sustaining natural resources.

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COMPONENTS OF
COMMUNITY
1. THE CORE
REPRESENTS THE PEOPLE THAT
MAKE UP THE COMMUNITY.
EIGHT SUBSYSTEMS OF THE COMMUNITY

HOUSING EDUCATION POLITICS AND

FIRE AND SAFETY
GOVERNMENT
What type of housing
facilities are there in Include laws, Fire protection Political structure
the community? regulations, facilities, facilities and fire present in the
activities affecting prevention activities, community, decision-
Are there enough education, ratio of distribution of these making
housing facilities? health educators to facilities. process/pattern,
Housing laws and learners leadership style
regulations observed

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SUBSYSTEM…..

HEALTH COMMUNICATION ECONOMICS RECREATION

Health facilities and Systems, types of Occupation, types of Recreational

activities, distribution, communication economic activities, activities/facilities;
utilization, ratio of existing, forms of income types, consumers,
providers to clientele communication, be appropriateness
served; priorities in it formal or informal. to consumers.
health programs
developed

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WHAT ARE THE FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH
OF THE COMMUNITY?

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FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH OF THE COMMUNITY

People
Population variables that affect the health of the community include:
• size
• density
• composition
• rate of growth or decline
• cultural characteristics
• mobility
• social class
• educational level
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FACTORS…..

Location
The health of the community is affected by both natural and man-
made variables related to location
Natural factors consist of geographic features, climate, flora, and
fauna.

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Social System
- Is the patterned series of interrelationships existing between
individuals, groups, and institutions and forming a coherent whole.
- Social system components that affect health include :
Family
economic
educational
communication
political
legal
religious
recreational
health systems

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 ROLES AND ACTIVITIES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE

Clinician /Direct care provider

• Ensure that health services are provided, not just to individuals
and families but also to groups and population
• Involves certain emphasis different from basic nursing, i.e.-holism,
health promotion, and skills expansion.
• Expanded skills
- physical care skills, skills in observation, listening, communication and
counselling
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ROLE….
Educator
• health teaching is a part of good nursing practice and one of the major
functions of a community health nurse.
• The educator role is especially useful in promoting the public’s health
for at least two reasons.
The educator role:
-Has the potential for finding greater receptivity and providing higher
yield results.
-Is significant because wider audience can be reached.

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ROLE….

Advocate

• The issue of client’s rights is important in health care today. Every

patient or client has the right to receive just equal and humane
treatment.
• Community health nurse often must act as advocate for clients
pleading the cause or acting on behalf of the client group.

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Managerial role

• As a manager the nurse exercises administrative direction

towards the accomplishment of specified goals
Activities includes:
• oversee client care
• supervise ancillary staff
• do case management
• manage caseloads run clinics or conduct community health needs
assessment projects.

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ROLE…
Case management

• Systematic process by which the nurse:

• Assesses clients’ needs
• Plans for and co-ordinates services
• Monitors and evaluates progress to ensure that clients multiple
service needs are met.

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ROLE…

Collaborator

• Work with many people including clients, other nurses,

physicians, social workers and community leaders, therapist,
nutritionist, occupational therapists, epidemiologists, legislators,
etc. as a member of health team.

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ROLE…..

Leader

As a leader:
• Nurse directs
• Influences or persuades others to effect change that will positively
affect people’s health
• Primary function is to effect change; thus, the community health
nurse becomes a agent of change.

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Research role

Community health nurses:

• engage in systematic investigation, collection and analysis of data
for the purpose of solving problems and enhancing community
health practice.
• Search and/or to investigate
• Discover
• Interpret facts

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THANK YOU
NCM-213
FAMORCA, Z.,NIES, M. NAND MCEWAN, M. (2013).
NURSING CARE OF THE COMMUNITY, A
COMPREHENSIVE TEXT ON COMMUNITY AND
PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES.
ELSEVIER MOSBY