o Regardless of when a person begins to explore their

sexuality, this can be a confusing and challenging time,

with gay, lesbian and bisexual young people in particular
OUTLINE
often experiencing and especially difficult time “coming
I Important Terms
out” to family and friends.
A Gender Roles
B Gender Identity ● Sexual Orientation
C Gender Stratification o It refers to one’s sexual or romantic attractions, and
D Sexuality includes sexual identity sexual behaviors and sexual
E Sexual Orientation desires.
F Sexual Preference ● Sexual Preference
G Heterosexuality o The term sexual preference as used to refer to sexual
H Homosexuality orientation is widely considered offensive in its implied
I Bisexuality suggestion that a person can choose who they are
J Asexuality sexually or romantically attracted to.
K Cisgender ▪ The difference between sexual preference &
L Transgender sexual orientation is that preference may also suggest a
M Biromantic degree of VOLUNTARY CHOICE, whereas orientation is
N Autosexual NOT A CHOICE. In addition scientists do not know the
O Omnisexual exact cause of sexual orientation but they THEORIZE that
P Demiromantic it is caused by complex interplay of GENETIC,
Q Socialization HORMONAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES.
R Agents of Socialization ● Sexual Identity
S Culture o Is how one thinks of oneself in terms of to whom one is
T Family romantically and/or sexually attracted. Sexual identity may
U Mass Media also refer to sexual orientation identity, which is when
V Social Stratification people identify or dis-identify with a sexual orientation or
W Social Mobility choose not to identify with a sexual orientation.
X Peer Groups ● Heterosexuality
Y Religion o Is attraction to people of the opposite sex. Men who are
Z Gender Socialization attracted to women and women who attracted to men are
II Theories heterosexuality.
A Albert Bandura
● Homosexuality
B Tabular Rasa
o Refers to attraction between people who are the same
III 5 factor Theory Cattell & Fiske
IV Social Role Theory sex. It comes from the Greek word “homos” meaning
“the same”
● Bisexuality
o The term “bisexuality” is used to describe a person who
IMPORTANT TERMS experiences emotional romantic and/or sexual attractions
● Gender Roles to, or engages in romantic or sexual relationship with,
o The particular economics, political and social roles and more than one sex or gender.
responsibilities that are considered appropriate for men ● Asexuality
and women in a culture. o Is the lack of sexual attraction to others, or a low interest
● Gender Identity in sexual activity. Some people consider asexuality to be
o Gender identity is each person's internal and individual their sexual orientation, and others describe it as an
experience of gender. It is their sense of being a woman, absence of sexual orientation.
a man, both, neither or anywhere along the gender o Asexual can also be an umbrella term that includes a wide
spectrum. A person’s gender identity may be the same as spectrum of asexual sub-identities, such as demisexual,
or different from their birth-assigned sex. grey-A, queerplatonic, and many others.
● Gender Stratification ● Cisgender
o Gender stratification refers to the social ranking, where o Is a gender identity that a person feels matches the sex
men typically inhabit higher statuses than women. that a doctor assigned them at birth. This does not mean
● Sexuality that people who are cisgender cannot be part of
o Sexuality can be complicated and is not fixed for LGBTQIA+ communities.
everyone. There are many kinds of sexualities that people ● Transgender
identify as having - and it is now accepted that same-sex o Transgender is an unbrella term for persons whose
attraction is a normal part of human sexuality. gender identity, gender expression or behavior does not
o Young people often begin to explore and understand their conform to that typically associated with the sex to which
sexuality throughout their adolescent and childhood years, they were assigned at birth.
with many including straight, gay, lesbian, and bisexual ● Biromantic
people aware of sexual attraction from an early age. o These are people who feel romantic attraction to both men
and women.

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● Autosexual ● Religion
o Someone who prefers to have sex with themselves over o Many of these institutions uphold gender norms and
having sex with others. contribute to their enforcement through socialization.
● Omnisexual o One of those many institutions that upheld gender norms
o This refers to someone who feels an equal amount of and contribute to the enforcement through socialization, it
attraction towards everyone. They don't actually prefer has of implications to our gender, how we see ourselves,
one gender over another. how we rules particularly on the expression of ourselves,
the extent or manner how our religion is practiced.
▪ No preference
● Gender Socialization
● Demiromantic o It is the process through which children learn about the
o A demiromantic person is someone who only develops social expectation, attitudes, and behaviors associated
romantic feelings for another person when they have a with one's gender.
strong emotional connection to them. Demiromantic o It is the time where children learn social expectations, as
people can be of any gender identity or sexual orientation. men should do this, women should do that, our attitudes,
o Usually takes time for people to be able to develop an behaviors.
emotional connection for person to reach to that point of
his or her life. It takes so much time and understanding THEORIES
and a lot of exploration.
● Albert Bandura
● Socialization o In his theory, he stated that stated that “most human
o Is also an important factor, area in understanding our
behavior is learned observationally through “modelling"
gender and sex our socialization shapes influences and
has given us great influence to our gender. ● Tabular Rasa
● Agents of Socialization o This concept implies that the human mind, especially at
o They are the specific individuals or groups of people that birth is viewed as having no innate ideas-- a clean slate.
influences our self-concept, emotions, attitudes and o through experiences and realizations we try to create and
behavior. color the clean(blank) slate
▪ This are predominant to our lives
▪ Agents of socialization are culture , family, and
5 FACTOR THEORY CATTELL & FISKE
mass media
o Culture
▪ Practices , values , ideas , behavior that has been
transmitted across many generations that is relevant up to
now , as it shapes how we see ourselves , rules , life,
each other.
o Family
▪ They are the first agent of socialization, first
people we socialized with , it has an implication how we
view , identity family has really of great influence.
o Mass Media
▪ This is the distribution of information through
television, magazine, mass media , strong influence of
social media.
● Social Stratification
o Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of
its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like
wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender,
occupation, social status, or derived power (social and
political). As such, stratification is the relative social
position of persons within a social group, category,
geographic region, or social unit.
▪ The possession within in your group school,
community.
● Social Mobility
o Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families,
households, or other categories of people within or
between social strata in a society. It is a change in social
status relative to one's current social location within a
given society. This movement occurs between layers or
tiers in an open system of social stratification. Open
stratification systems are those in which at least some
value is given to achieved status characteristics in a
society. The movement can be in a downward or upward
direction.
▪ it’s how you move in social circle
▪ ability to achieve a certain status
▪ you can be at top or bottom (downward or upward)
● Peer Groups
o This is made up of people who are similar in age and
social status and who share interests
▪ workmates as peer group
▪ classmates as your peer group

ACASIO, BOLOFER, DISCUATAN, DICO, PAKIWAG | BSN 3I 2

 SOCIAL THEORY
● According to this theory, gender stereotypes derive from the
discrepant distribution of men and women into social roles both in
the home and at work.

GUIDE FOR REFLECTION

Where are you in terms of Are you
OCEAN? ● Open
● conscientious
● extrovert
● agreeable
● neuroticism
What is your Femininity and Masculinity?
understanding ● the implications to how we
see the femininity or
masculinity of other people

How culture affects your ● it is important that you

gender? know how to differentiate,
know the implication of
culture as it will greatly
affect how you will express
yourself as an individual.

ACASIO, BOLOFER, DISCUATAN, DICO, PAKIWAG | BSN 3I 3

ACASIO, BOLOFER, DISCUATAN, DICO, PAKIWAG | BSN 3I 4