Experiment No. 4 Common Emitter Amplifier
Experiment No. 4 Common Emitter Amplifier
Experiment No. 4 Common Emitter Amplifier
4
COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER
AIM
DESIGN
From the transistor data sheet, for BC107,
hfe = β = 110, Ic max=100 mA, VCE max = 45V
Let VCC =12V, Ic = 2mA. Since the quiescent point is in the middle of the load line for the
amplifier, VCE = 50% of VCC = 6V.
VRE = 10% of VCC = 1.2V.
Assuming
IC IE , VRE IC RE IE RE
Electronic Circuits Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum 1
1.2 2103 R E
RE 1.2
600 Select standard value of resistance 560 Ω.
2 103
Voltage across collector resistance, VRC VCC VCE VRE
12 6 1.2 4.8
V
VRC
R 4.8 2.4 kΩ
C IC Select standard value of 2.2 kΩ
2103
I 2 103
Base current, I B C
18.2
μA 110
Take
I2 the I1 10IB IB 11IB
10IB n
VCC VB
R 12 1.8
1 I1 1118.2106 51 Select standard value of 47 kΩ
k
Design of RL:
Gain of the common emitter amplifier is given by the expression A
XC1 should be less than the input impedance of the transistor. Here, Rin is the series impedance.
Rin
Then X
C1
10
Here R R R h r 47kΩ 10 kΩ 110 12.5 1.17 kΩ
in 1 2 fe e
So, CC
2 1 1 3.6 μF
2 fXC 2 2 200
220
Select standard value of 3.3 μF for CC2
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
The gain of an ideal amplifier should remain the same for any frequency of the input
signal. Therefore, the frequency response curve (gain in db plotted against frequency) becomes a
straight line parallel to the frequency axis.
In actual practice, the coupling capacitors and the emitter bypass capacitor reduce the
gain at lower frequencies. The capacitance internal to the transistor and stray capacitance due to
the wiring reduce the gain at higher frequencies.
Fig 2 shows the typical frequency response characteristics of CE amplifier. The curve is
flat only for middle range of frequencies. There is one low frequency fL and one high frequency
fH
Gain in db
Frequency Vo(p-p) Vo 20 log Vo
f (Hz) (mV) Vin Vin
RESULT
The common emitter amplifier is designed, and its frequency response is plotted.
Voltage gain = Vo/Vin =
Lower cutoff frequency =
Upper cutoff frequency =
Bandwidth =
QUESTIONS
1. Define β.
2. Explain in detail procedure for measuring β.
3. Using the values of β, determine the value of α.
4. What are the differences, if any in determining the current gain of NPN and PNP
transistors?
5. In the circuit, what should be the effect of reversing the polarity of VBB?
6. What is meant by bias stabilization? Why it is used?
7. What is the phase relationship between the input and output signals of CE amplifier?