Design and Analysis of A Two Wheeler Shock Absorber Coil Spring
Design and Analysis of A Two Wheeler Shock Absorber Coil Spring
Design and Analysis of A Two Wheeler Shock Absorber Coil Spring
IJARST
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (IJARST)
Abstract: A suspension system is a mechanical device which is used to smooth out or damp shock
impulse and dissipate kinetic energy. In vehicles problem happens while driving on bumping road
condition so the rider feels uncomforted. Hence design of spring in shock absorber is very
important. In this project, spring is designed and the 3D model is created using modelling
software CATIA. Static analysis in done on the spring by varying materials as oil tempered spring
steel and beryllium copper. The analysis is done by considering loads, bike weight, single person
and two persons. In this analysis, maximum shear stress and total deformation is calculated using
ANSYS software. And the comparison is done on two materials.
Keywords: Spring, Beryllium copper, oil tempered spring steel, ANSYS, Static analysis.
I. INTRODUCTION
Suspension system or shock absorber is a mechanical device designed to smooth out or damp shock impulse, and
dissipate kinetic energy. The shock absorbers duty is to absorb or dissipate energy. In a vehicle, it reduces the effect of
traveling over rough ground, leading to improved ride quality, and increase in comfort due to substantially reduced
amplitude of disturbances. When a vehicle is traveling on a level road and the wheels strike a bump, the spring is
compressed quickly. The compressed spring will attempt to return to its normal loaded length and, in so doing, will
rebound past its normal height, causing the body to be lifted. The weight of the vehicle will then push the spring down
below its normal loaded height. This, in turn, causes the spring to rebound again. This bouncing process is repeated
over and over, a little less each time, until the up-and-down movement finally stops. If bouncing is allowed to go
uncontrolled, it will not only cause an uncomfortable ride but will make handling of the vehicle very difficult. The aim
of the project is to analyse the shock absorber coil spring by designing on CATIA then import into ANSYS so we could
analyse by changing its materials as steel spring and Beryllium Copper. So that the cost required to analyse by
practically will be minimized.
suspension. Prince Jerome Christopher J., [2] designed a shock absorber used in 160 cc bike and modelled in 3D
parametric software called Pro/E engineer. The analysis is done on ANSYs. As mentioned n above papers this paper
considers weights of two persons in the design considerations. The objective of this paper is to design and analyse the
performance of shock absorber by varying the wire diameter. The analysis is done by considering bike mass, loads, and
number of person seated on bike comparison is done by varying the wire diameter of the coil spring to verify the best
dimension to minimize the weight of spring. In this paper the calculation are done first for different wire diameter for
same material and then the wire diameter is varied. It concludes that for better stiffness the weight of the spring
increases and for less stiffness the weight decreases.
R. Kannan [3] studied the spring steel and carbon fibre for the analysis of helical spring. He designed and created a
3D model using SOLID works. He did structural analysis for both materials. The analysis was done by various factors
such as loads, weight for a single person and double person. The modelling was done in SOLID works and analysis was
done in ANSYS. He concluded that “Spring Steel is better Than a Carbon Fibre”. The various parameters like stress,
deformation, strain were having better results for spring steel than carbon fibre. The load of 1753N was
applied to observe the deformation and the coil used had outer diameter of 70mm.The weight of a person and two
persons are considered to demonstrate the parameters. The overall weight of the system became 178.75 kg [1753N].
Abdul Budan [4] checked feasibility of replacing the metal coil spring with the composite coil spring. Three different
types of spring were made using glass fibre, carbon fibre and combination of a glass fi bre and a carbon
fibre. The objective of the study was to reduce the weight of the spring. According to experimental results the spring
rate of the carbon spring is 34% more than the glass fibre spring and 45% more than the glass fibre/ carbon fibre spring
and 80% less than the steel spring. Three types of composite springs have been developed in this study; they are lighter
than steel spring and the stiffness achieved in this spring are less than the steel spring. (Spring rate of same dimension
steel spring is approximately 14M/mm and weight of the steel spring is 1.078 kg). The following conclusion can be
drawn from the analysis of experimental results of these springs. The weight of the springs manufactured from carbon
fibre roving is less than the glass fibre and glass fibre/ carbon fibre roving springs. The stiffness of the carbon fibre
spring is greater than the other two types of a composite spring. The springs developed from the glass fibre/carbon fibre
roving does not exhibit a favourable results compared to other two types of springs.
The cost of the glass fibre spring are 25% more than the steel spring and cost of carbon fibre spring is 200% more
than the steel springs. The selection of the glass fibre or a carbon fibre springs depend upon the cost and application of
the spring which can be compensated by saving the fuel from weight reduction. As compared to steel springs of the
same dimensions, the stiffness of a composite spring is less. In order to increase the stiffness of a spring the dimensions
of the composite spring is to be increased which in turn increases the weight of the spring. Hence the application of the
composite spring can be limited to light vehicles, which requires less spring stiffness, e.g. electric vehicles and hybrid
vehicles.
C. Madan Mohan Reddy [5] carried out their research on modelling on analysis and testing of suspension spring is
to replace existed steel helical spring used in popular two wheeler vehicle. The objective of the paper is to calculate
stress and deflection of the helical spring and find its optimum value for a new material. The comparative study is
carried out between existed spring and new material spring, for experimental values and analytical values. The new
material used for coil spring is chrome vanadium steel spring is found better over older material hard drawn steel
spring. It concluded that chrome vanadium steel spring has 13-17% less maximum shear stress compare to hard drawn
steel spring. The deflection pattern of the chrome vanadium steel spring 10% less at specified weight with compare to
hard drawn steel spring it is also observed that 95% of the similarity in deflection pattern and 97% similarity
in shear stress pattern between experimental values to the analytical values. The modelling of spring is developed on
Pro/E 5.0 and analysis is carried out on ANSYS 14. Piotr Czop & Damian Slawik [6] presented the model of a
complete system, consisting of a variable damping shock absorber and a servo-hydraulic tester, used to evaluate the
vibration levels produced by a shock absorber.
Kim [7] also performed an analysis of a twin tube damper with focus on implementation into a vehicle
suspension system. Kim’s model included chamber compliance and fluid compressibility which yielded a differential
equation for the chamber pressures that was solved using the Runga Kutta Method. Discharge coefficients were
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ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARST
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (IJARST)
experimentally found and applied to the model. Incorporating damping data into a quarter car model, the frequency
response of the sprung mass and tire deflection were calculated numerically. Good agreement with experimental data
was found for single strokes of the damper, but no full cycle FV plots were included.
V. CONCLUSION
From the above results, we conclude the following:
1. From the result we conclude that, the total deformation of the oil tempered spring steel is greater than the
beryllium copper. So we can say that the stiffness of the spring steel material is better than the beryllium
copper.
2. But the stresses developed in oil tempered spring steel is more than the beryllium copper, so we conclude that
the beryllium copper is safe material for the maximum loading as compared to oil tempered spring steel.
REFERENCES
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Wheeler Suspension system, International Journal Of Emersing Technology And Advanced Engineering,
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[2]. Prince Jerome Christopher J., Pavendhan R. , Design and Analysis of Two Wheeler Shock Absorber Coil
Spring, International Journal Of Modern Engineering Research, pp 133-140.
[3]. R.Kannan, C.Rajaganapathy, Finite Element Analysis of Shock Absorber for Spring Steel and Carbon Fibre,
International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 3(5), 2014, pp 579-584.
[4]. Dr. abdul Budan and T.S. Manjunatha, Investigation on the Feasibility of Composite Coil Spring for
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[5]. C. Madan Mohan Reddy, D. Ravindra Naik, Dr. M. Lakshmi Kantha Reddy, Analysis And Testing Of Two
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[6]. Piotr Czop, A high-frequency first-principle model of a shock absorber and servo-hydraulic tester, A Journal
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[7]. Kim D., Analysis of Hydraulic Shock – Absorber and Implementation on the Vehicle Suspension Systems,
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