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Market Orientation The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications

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Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions, and

Managerial Implications
Ajay K. Kohli and Bernard J. Jaworski

Subject
An investigation of the meaning of market orientation, its antecedents, and consequences.
Type of Paper
A conceptual framework with detailed propositions based on a synthesis of data from 62 field
interviews in 47 diverse organizations and existing literature.
Objective
To offer a more precise definition of market orientation, and to identify actions managers
may take to improve the market orientation of their organizations. To identify the impact of a
market orientation on customers, employees, and business performance, and the conditions
under which these effects are likely to be either more or less pronounced.
Sample
Top management, managers in various functional specialties at all levels, and academics
interested in organizational aspects of marketing.
Main Points
Market orientation may be defined as the organization-wide generation of market
intelligence, or information on customers' current and future customer needs, dissemination
of that information across departments, and organization-wide responsiveness to it. Market
orientation refers to the way that an organization implements the marketing concept.
This three-component view of market orientation (generation, dissemination, and
responsiveness to market intelligence) makes it possible to diagnose an organization's level of
market orientation, pinpoint specific deficiencies, and design interventions tailored to the
particular needs of an organization.
Market orientation involves taking concrete actions in response to market intelligence. These
actions relate to targeting select market segments and designing new products and programs
or modifying existing ones to meet customer needs. It is important to emphasize that a market
orientation is not the exclusive responsibility of marketing departments, but rather is an
organization-wide mode of operation.
In general, a market orientation is likely to lead to higher
(1) customer satisfaction and repeat business.
(2) esprit de corps, job satisfaction, and employee commitment; and
(3) business performance. A market orientation is likely to be more strongly related to
performance under conditions of high market turbulence, technological stability, strong
competition, and weak economic conditions.
Implications
- Top managers should first assess the extent to which it is important for their
organizations to be market oriented.
- The impetus for change must come from top managers who should demonstrate their
commitment to customers and a market orientation both in speech and deed.
- Top managers should seriously consider promoting a change-oriented attitude,
encouraging considered risk taking, supporting mixed department training programs
to foster interdepartmental harmony, instituting integrative mechanisms such as
communication networks, and re-evaluating performance evaluation criteria so that
rewards (compensation, appreciation) are based partly on employees' effort to make
the organization market oriented.

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