1

GENERAL OBJECTIVE:-
At the end of the health education patient’s relative acquire knowledge about the gastritis and management of the various problems, and care of
the patient in home.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:-at the end of the health education patients relative will be able to:
 define gastritis.
 explain the incidence of gastritis.
 describe various types of gastritis.
 enlist the causes of gastritis.
 list down various clinical manifestations of gastritis.
 detail about diagnostics test for gastritis.
 explain medical management of gastritis.
 discuss about preventing of gastritis.
 2

GASTRITIS
INTRODUCTION:-

The word Gastritis comes from two words, "gastro" referring to the stomach and "itis" a suffix usually used in medical conditions meaning
inflammation. Gastritis is an inflammation. It can occur suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic). The stomach lining contains special cells that
produce acid and enzymes, which help break down food for digestion, and mucus, which protects the stomach lining from acid. When the stomach
lining is inflamed, it produces less acid, enzymes, and mucus.

S.No TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY aids
1. 3min To define DEFINITION:- Discussion Listening. Define
gastritis and lecture gastritis?
Gastritis is an inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the
lining of the stomach (mucosa). Gastritis commonly
refers to inflammation of the lining of the stomach, but
the term is often used to cover a variety of symptoms
resulting from stomach lining inflammation and
symptoms of burning or discomfort.
2. 2min To explain INCIDENCE:- Discussion Listening. How many
the and lecture cases of
incidence of Worldwide, the epidemiology of gastritis overlaps that gastritis in
gastritis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) worldwide?
Infection, which affects approximately 50% of the
world’s population. The frequency of gastritis increases
with age. Gastritis caused by H. pylori is more common
in older individuals. it is estimated that 20% of
individuals younger than 40 years of age and 50% to
60% of individuals older than 60 are infected with H.
pylori (Sepulveda, Shayne). Infection with H. pylori is
most common in black American, Hispanic, Asian-
American, and Native American individuals.
Men and women are equally affected by most forms of
gastritis, although autoimmune gastritis is 3 times more
common in women than in men.
3. 5min To describe TYPES OF GASTRITIS Discussion Listening Chart How many
 3

various type 1. ACUTE GASTRITIS:- Acute Gastritis is considered and lecture paper types of
of gastritis one of the most common types of gastritis. This is a and gastritis?
painful inflammation of the lining of the stomach that flip
occurs suddenly and may also involve bleeding of the book
stomach mucosa. The bleeding is primarily caused due
to damage to the tissue caused by the acid found in
stomachs. The bleeding normally lasts for less than 24
hours. The principal cause of acute gastritis is the
Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which accounts for
90%cases. This type of gastritis may also result from
eating spoiled food, dead fish or animals, bones, plastic,
wood chemicals, drugs, or toxic plants etc. Viral
infection is also considered a possible cause.

2. CHRONIC GASTRITIS:- Chronic gastritis, on the

other hand is more often found in older people. Chronic
gastritis involves long-term inflammation of the
mucosal lining of the stomach and this inflammatory
condition of the upper digestive system can last for
years. Among numerous possible causes, the
Helicobacter pylori bacteria are found to be the primary
reason. In case of chronic gastritis, the sphincter above
the stomach fails to do the job properly and as a result
the acid goes up the esophagus. This results in pain in
the chest as the acid dissolves the esophagus walls.
There are two major types of chronic gastritis known as
A. EROSIVE GASTRITIS:- Erosive Gastritis is
actually gastric mucosal erosion caused due to the
damage of mucosal defenses. Though alcohol
consumption does not cause chronic gastritis, it does
erode the gastric mucosa and low doses of alcohol can
stimulate hydrochloric acid secretion. If a person takes
NSAIDs for a long period, it can increase the chances of
the formation of peptic ulcers. This can eventually lead
to gastritis. The common symptoms of Chronic erosive
gastritis include stomach lining lesions, damage to the
 4

stomach lining, abdominal pain, weight loss, etc.

B. NON-EROSIVE GASTRITIS NON:- Erosive
Gastritis usually refers to a variety of histologic
abnormalities that are mainly the result of Helicobacter
pylori infection. In case of non-erosive gastritis, the
body accidentally targets the stomach as a foreign
protein or infection. It makes antibodies against it and,
thus, severely damages or even destroys the stomach
and/or its lining. As a result, bile that is normally sent to
the small intestine to aid in digestion enters the stomach
and ultimately leads to chronic gastritis.
3. ACUTE STRESS GASTRITIS:- The acute stress
gastritis is another common type. Of gastritis that
mainly results from severe illness or injury. This is most
commonly found among Patients in intensive care units,
especially among those with respiratory failure, sepsis
(infection in the blood), kidney failure, severe burns,
peritonitis or neurologic trauma. These problems usually
do not directly affect the stomach.
4. ATROPHIC GASTRITIS:- Atrophic Gastritis is a
chronic form in which the gastric mucosa becomes very
thin (atrophy) and most of the cells that produce
digestive acids and enzymes are lost. This type of
gastritis usually occurs due to an autoimmune problem
in which antibodies attack the body's own tissues (auto
antibodies). It may also sometimes be caused by
infections or following a partial gastrectomy (surgical
removal of part of the stomach). Eosinophilic gastritis
and plasma cell gastritis are two extremely rare types of
gastritis. In these cases, specific types of white blood
cells (eosinophils or plasma cells) build up in the wall of
the stomach. Though its main cause is not known, it is
thought that it could be caused due to an allergic
reaction. These types of gastritis are usually chronic.
4. 5min To enlist the CAUSES OF GASTRITIS Discussion Listening. Chart What are the
cause of and lecture. paper cause of
 5

gastritis Gastritis usually develops when stomach's protective and gastritis?

layer becomes weakened or damaged. flip
A mucus-lined barrier protects the wall of stomach from book
the acids that help digest
food. Weaknesses in the barrier allow digestive juices to
damage and inflame stomach lining. Gastritis is
associated with various medications, medical and
surgical conditions, physical stresses, social habits,
chemicals, and infections. Some of the more common
causes of gastritis are listed here.
=>Bacterial infection H pylori infection is the most
common. Many other bacteria-even those that usually
cause pneumonia or bladder infection can cause
gastritis.
=>Regular use of pain relievers: particularly aspirin may
cause gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers.
=>Older age of gastritis is more common in older age
groups and is usually the cause of chronic (persistent)
non-erosive cases.
=>Stress such as a bad injury or critical illness, or major
surgery. Exactly why stress and serious illness can lead
to gastritis is not known, but it may be related to
decreased blood flow to the stomach.
=>Alcohol use: when a person drinks alcohol, the
alcohol will stimulate stomach's acidic secretions that
are intended to digest protein molecules. Consequently,
the acidity has potential to harm the inner lining of the
stomach.
=>Bile reflux disease
=>Autoimmune disorders: when the immune system
mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues (in
this case, the stomach lining). This may happen if you
already have another autoimmune condition, such as
Hashimoto's thyroid disease or type 1 diabetes
=>HIV/AIDS
 6

=>Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel

disease (IBD) that may affect any part of the
gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. results in a
chronic inflammatory disorder, in which the body's
immune system attacks the gastrointestinal tract

=>Parasitic infections
5. 5min To list CLINICAL MANIFESTATION Discussion Listening Chart What are the
down and lecture paper sign and
various Symptoms of gastritis vary among individuals, and in and symptoms of
clinical many people there are no symptoms. However, the most flip gastritis?
manifestatio common symptoms include: book
n of gastritis =>A gnawing or burning ache or pain (indigestion) in
either worse or better with eating
=>Nausea and Vomiting
=>A feeling of fullness in upper abdomen after eating
=>Abdominal bloating
=>Acid regurgitation particularly after meals
=>Hiccups
=>Black, tarry stools
=>Loss of appetite
=>Fever and weakness
=>Stomach cramping
=>Sour taste in mouth
=>Vitamin B 12 deficiency

In more severe gastritis, bleeding may occur inside the

stomach. Any of the following symptoms
Can be seen as well as those already mentioned.

=>Pallor, sweating, and rapid (or "racing") heart beat

=>feeling faint or short of breath
=>chest pain or severe stomach pain
=>Body bowel movements or dark, sticky, very foul
smelling bowel movements.
 7

6. 5min To detail DIAGNOSTICS EVALUATIONS Discussion Listening Which type of

about and lecture test perform in
diagnostic =>complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia or gastritis?
test for low blood count
gastritis =>Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a flexible tube
(endoscope) is passed down your throat and into your
esophagus and stomach to look for signs of
inflammation
=>Serological tests: for antibodies against the H. pylori
antigen
=>Doub1e-contrast barium study
=>Fecal occult blood test (stool test) : to check for H.
pylori infection and to check for blood in the pool
(which may indicate bleeding from the stomach).
=>X-ray of upper digestive system: this is an alternative
way to look for changes (such as ulcers) in the stomach
lining. It is not as accurate as an endoscopy.

=>Histologic examination of a tissue obtained by biopsy

=>Liver and kidney functions
=>Urinalysis
=>Gallbladder and pancreas functions
7. 5min To explain MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Discussion Listening What are the
medical and lecture treatments of
managemen The choice of treatment depends to some extent on the gastritis?
t of gastritis cause of the gastritis. Some treatments target the exact
causes of a particular type of gastritis. Some of the
causes will disappear over time. Most treatments aim at
reducing symptoms. Medications that reduce the amount
of acid in the stomach can relieve symptoms that may
accompany gastritis and Promote healing of the stomach
lining. These medications include:
1. ANTIBIOTIC: If H. pylori are found in digestive
tract, doctor may recommend a combination Of,
antibiotics to kill the bacterium. H. pylori infection is
treated with antibiotics, sometimes given in combination
 8

with a proton pump inhibitor. Antibiotics most

commonly prescribed For treatment of H. pylori include
amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole and
tetracycline. Some pharmaceutical companies package a
combination of two antibiotics together, with an acid
suppressor or cytoprotective agent, specifically for
treatment of. H. pylori infection. These combination
treatments are sold under the brand names Prevpac and
Helidac.
2. ANTACIDS: Antacids relieve mild heartburn or
dyspepsia by neutralizing acid in the Stomach.
Prescribed antacids are aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and
citric acid; alumina and magnesia; and calcium
carbonate and magnesia.

A. PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS: Proton pump

inhibitors reduce acid by blocking the action of the parts
of' cells that produce acid. These drugs include the
prescription and over-the counter medications
omeprazole, lansoptazole, rabeprazole, esomeprazole,
dexlansoprazole and pantoprazole.

B. HISTAMINE 2 (H2) BLOCKERS: Acid blockers -

also called histamine (H-2) blockers – reduce
the-'amount of acid released into digestive tract, which
relieves gastritis pain and encourages healing. Available
by prescription or over-the-counter, acid blockers
include ranitidine (Zantac), famotidine (Pepcid),
cimetidine (Tagamet) and nizatidine (Axid).
C. CYTOPROTECTIVE AGENTS: These
medications are designed to help protect the tissues that
line "stomach and small intestine. They include the
prescription medications sucralfate (Carafate) and
misoprostol (Cytotec). Another cytoprotective agent is
bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol).
 9

D. ANTIEMETICS: These medications help control

nausea and vomiting. A number of different antiemetics
can be used in the emergency department to control
those symptoms. Some these medications are available
by prescription for home use as well.
8. 5min To discuss PREVENTION Discussion Listening How to
about and lecture prevent
prevention Prevention depends on the specific cause of the gastritis?
of gastritis inflammation.

1. EAT SMART: If you experience frequent

indigestion, eat smaller, more frequent meals buffer
stomach acid secretion. In addition, avoid irritating
foods such as spicy, citrus or highly seasoned items if
you have this condition or stomach ulcers.
2. LIMIT OR AVOID ALCOHOL: Excessive use of
alcohol can irritate and erode the mucous lining of your
stomach, causing inflammation and bleeding.
3. DON’T SMOKE: Smoking interferes with the
protective lining of the stomach, making your stomach
perhaps more susceptible. Smoking also increases
stomach acid and delays stomach healing.
4. SWITCH PAIN RELIEVERS: If possible, avoid
taking NSAIDs - aspirin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and
naproxen. These over-the-counter medications can cause
or worsen you’re the burring symptoms. Some so called
experts say to, switch to pain relievers that contain
acetaminophen.
5. FOLLOW DOCTORS RECOMMENDATIONS:
Doctor may recommend that you take an over-the-
counter antacid or acid blocker, truly not the best
solution.
 10

SUMMARY:- Gastritis is an inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the lining of the stomach (mucosa). Gastritis commonly refers to
inflammation of the lining of the stomach, but the term is often used to cover a variety of symptoms resulting from stomach lining inflammation
and symptoms of burning or discomfort. Worldwide, the epidemiology of gastritis overlaps that of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Gastritis
usually develops when stomach's protective layer becomes weakened or damaged. Some of the causes will disappear over time. Most treatments
aim at reducing symptoms. Medications that reduce the amount of acid in the stomach can relieve symptoms that may accompany gastritis and
Promote healing of the stomach lining.
 11

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. LUCKMANN’S “TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING”

Edition: - 2016, Page no:-1037-1038, Published by: - Elsevier publication.

2. MOSBY “TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING”

Edition: - 7th edition, Page no: - 1023-1025, Published by:-. Elsevier publication.

3. BRUNNER AND SUDDARTH’S “TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING”

Edition:-.13th edition, Page: - 1262-1265, Published by: - Wolter’s kluwer.

4. ANSARI JAVED “MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-I”

Edition:-3rd, page: - 554-568, published by: - PV publication.

5. JOYCE M. BLACK “MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-I”

Edition:- 2015, page: - 626, published by:- Elsevier publication.

6. INTERNET:-

WWW.MEDIINDIA.COM
 12

HEALTH TALK
NAME OF THE PRESENTER : - Mr. Topeshwar kanwar

COURSE & YEAR : - M.Sc. Nursing 1st year

NAME OF THE SUPERVISOR : - Ms.Osin chandrakar .

SUBJECT : - Medical surgical nursing-I

TOPIC : - Gastritis

NO. OF GROUP : - 25 person (patient relative and patient)

DATE : - 24/01/2021

TIME : - 11:00am

VENUE : - male medical ward -11

METHOD OF TEACHING : - Explanation, discussion, lecture etc.

MEDIA OF TEACHING/ A.V. aids : - Flash card

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE LEVEL :- My group member less knowledge about definition, cause, clinical manifestation, diagnostic
evaluation of gastritis.
 13

SRI SATHYA SAI SANJEEVANI INSTITUTE OF NURSING AND ALLIED

HEALTHCARE SCIENCES,
NAYA RAIPUR
SUBJECT:- MEDICAL- SURGICAL NURSING- I

TOPIC:- HEALTH TALK

ON
GASTRITIS

SUBMITTED TO; SUBMITTED BY;

MRS. NITHYA D MAM MR. NAGESHWAR

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MSC NURSING 1st YEAR STUDENT

(MSN)