Global Population and Mobility

GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY
Global City – also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is city w/c is a
primary node in the global economic network.
Saskia Sassen
- this term was popularized by sociologist Saskia Sassen
- Sassen’s Global city concept emphasizes the flow of information and capital.
- Her book The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo (1990) influenced the concepts
and methods used to analyze the role of cities and their networks in the modern world.
Definition of Global City

- An urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub
within a globalized economic system. The term has its origins in research on cities
carried out during the 1980s, which examined the common characteristics of the world’s
most important cities. However, with increased attention being paid to the process of
globalization during subsequent years, these world cities came to be known as global
cities. (Britannica.com)
THREE (3) KEY TENDENCIES SEEM TO FOLLOW FROM THESE STRUCTURAL FACTS ABOUT
GLOBAL CITIES (Saskia Sassen)
1. First is a concentration of wealth in the hands of owners, partners, and professionals
associated with the high-end firms in this system.
2. Second is a growing disconnection between the city and its region.
3. Third is the growth of a large marginalized population that has a very hard time earning a
living in the marketplace defined by these high-end activities.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBAL CITY

 A variety of international financial services, notably in finance, insurance, real estate,
banking, accountancy, and marketing
 Headquarters of several multinational corporations
 The existence of financial headquarters, a stock exchange, and other major financial
institutions.
 Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area
 Major manufacturing centers with port and container facilities
 Considerable decision-making power on a daily basis and at a global level
 Centres of new ideas and innovation in business, economics, cultures, and politics
 Centres of media and communication for global networks
 Dominance of the national region with great international significance
 High percentage of residents employed in the services sector and information sector
 High-quality educational institutions, including renowned universities, international
student attendance, and research facilities
 Multi-functional infrastructure offering some of the best legal, medical, and
entertainment facilities in the country
 High diversity in language, culture, religion, and ideologies.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Global City
Advantages Disadvantages
 Offers much better public transport  City life can be stressful
 Have better education opportunities  Urban living is not suitable for
 Higher chances to find a partner nature lovers
 More opportunities to play sports  Big cities are crowded
 Offers various different activities  Parking can also be a problem
 Better access to shopping centers  Cities can heat up in summer
 Better entertainment in general  City life may not be suitable for pets
 Celebrities rather perform in big  Rents are often much higher
cities than in villages  Cities may be less secure compared
 You will have better access to the to villages
latest technologies  Higher daily life expenses
 Have better job opportunities  Lack of space
 Salaries are often much higher  Cities are often quite noisy
 Air pollution
ROLE OF GLOBAL CITY

 Global cities play an important role at the global and regional levels. Large urban centers
enjoy significant competitive advantages and serve as primary nodes in the globalized
economic agenda, and are related to climate change, mobility and migration,
technological innovation, economic development, and infrastructure.
 Global cities have the ability to give solutions for global issues and change the global
outlook. They can do this by controlling and adapting the global economy’s path
through a variety of systems ranging from politics to military and economics.
GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHICS
- is the study of a population-based on factors such as age, race, and gender.
Governments and non-governmental organizations use demographics to learn more about
the characteristics of the population for a variety of purposes, including policy development
and economic market research.
John Graunt – father of Demography

Demography- comes from two ancient Greek words Demos, meaning “the people”, Graphy
meaning “writing about or recording something”
Population – a group of people who live in a specific geographical area
Population is defined as follows:

- Number of people (size)
- (biological & social variable) age, gender, socioeconomic status, and level of education
-geographical settlement (location)
2 Types of Demography
1. Static Demography – is the study of the anatomy or structure of a community and its
environment in a given population
2. Dynamic Demography – it deals with the physiology or functions of communities as they
change in terms of morality, fertility, and migration.
What is Demographic Information?
Demographic data is information (often statistical) gathered to analyze the people, groups, and
organizations around us.
Demographic data is statistical information collected about the population characteristics such
as age, gender, income, educational level, and religious affiliation. It is typically used in
conduction research on a product or service.
How to collect Demographic Information?

 The direct method of collecting demographic data involves tracking and researching
official records of births, marriages, divorces, deaths, and migrations.
 Another way to collect demographic information is through the internet. It is becoming
more common, especially with the convenience and low cost of conducting online
surveys.
Demographics are important because they provide a broad understanding of a population’s

characteristics. This information is especially useful for government organizations in making
population-related policy decisions. Corporations and other private-sector business use
demographics to gain a better understanding of the public to develop strategic business and
marketing plans.
Uses of Demographic Information
Government Policies
 Demographic data can be used by local, state, and federal governments to create public
policies and allocate funds for public services.
 The most well-known government application of demographics data is the appointment
of each state’s congressional delegation
 Population and health data can be used to determine school and hospital needs
Business
 Marketing strategies
 Because most business’ business models rely on knowing their customers, having
demographic information helps them understand their target audience.
 Most large corporations conduct demographic research to determine how to best
market their product or service to their target audience.
The Demographic Transition

- the demographic transition theory is a generalized description of how morality,
fertility, and growth rates change as societies move from one demographic regime to another.
- the term was coined in the mid-twentieth century by American demographer Frank W.
Notestien, but it has since been elaborated and expanded upon by many others.
Stage 1: Pre-Transition
- Characterized by high birth rates and high fluctuating death rates.
Stage 2: Early Transition

- During the early stages of the transition, the death rates begins to fall.
- As birth rates remain high, the population starts to grow rapidly.
Stage 3: Late Transition

- Birth rates start to decline
- The rate of population growth decelerates.
Stage 4: Post-Transition
- Post-transitional societies are characterized by low birth and low death rates.
- Population growth is negligible, or even enters a decline.
Limitations of the Demographic Transition Model
- The DTM does not account for migration, which is a significant factor in population
expansion.
- It ignores factors that influence birth and mortality rates within a country. Natural
disasters can kill a lot of people, and conflicts can generate baby booms. These variables can
cause an increase or decrease in the rate being researched. Due to the Coronavirus, countries
that had been witnessing a decline in death rates are suddenly experiencing a resurgence.
- The concept presupposes that all counties must follow the steps in order.
- Stage 3’s dramatic fall in birth rate is not usually as rapid. Most countries ( save those
with birth control legislation) demonstrate a steady reduction in the birth rate.
- The model is out of date, and stage 5 should be included. The majority of developed
countries have reached or are on their way to this stage.
MIGRATION
- a situation in which people go to live in foreign countries, especially in order to find
work. Most global migration is from developing countries to develop ones.
Why do people move?

- Immigrants often move to resettle as a family, to fulfill a job placement, or as a
reprieve from situations of injustice and war. But, not all movements are chosen freely. Some
people, including whole families and communities, have been forced to move. Some have been
forced to move because of human trafficking.
- Many migrants embark on a journey escaping the socioeconomic condition or natural
disasters. Moreover, higher incomes because of remittances or economic growth in the origin
countries also lead to migration because the journey becomes affordable.
People who migrate fall into several categories:
An Emigrant – is a person who is leaving one country to live in another.

An Immigrant – is a person who is entering a country from another to make a new home.
A Refugee – is a person who has moved to a new country because
4 Types of Migration
1. Labour Migration – a movement of persons from one state to another, or within their own
country of residence, for the purpose of employment.
2. Forced Migration – (also called displacements) is when people are made to leave their home
or homeland. It is usually caused by violence, persecution, danger, or because an authority
(such as a government) has told people to move. Forced migration occurs when people’s lives,
well-being, or freedom are endangered.
3. International Retirement Migration – the notion of International Retirement Migration (IRM)

was originally defined in reference to retirees living in Northern European countries who decide
to move (seasonally or permanently) to Mediterranean Europe, considering individuals that
have migrated both before and after retirement.
4. Internal Migration – is the movement of people from one defined area to another within a
country.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Global Migration
Migration can bring advantages and disadvantages to the country which is losing people and
also to the host country.
COUNTRY LOSING PEOPLE
HOST COUNTRY

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GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY

Definition of Global City

CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBAL CITY

ROLE OF GLOBAL CITY

John Graunt – father of Demography

Population – a group of people who live in a specific geographical area

Population is defined as follows:

How to collect Demographic Information?

Demographics are important because they provide a broad understanding of a population’s

Uses of Demographic Information

The Demographic Transition

Stage 2: Early Transition

Stage 3: Late Transition

Why do people move?

People who migrate fall into several categories:

An Emigrant – is a person who is leaving one country to live in another.

3. International Retirement Migration – the notion of International Retirement Migration (IRM)

COUNTRY LOSING PEOPLE

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